Ch. 10 Intro to business
"The Principles of Scientific Management" was written by _____ ______
Frederick Taylor
Millennials generally don't remember a time without the _____
Internet
What feature of self-managed teams allows them to improve productivity?
They have the freedom to make decisions.
According to a survey of recent college graduates, opportunities for _____ are important in attracting and retaining employees.
advancement
Select all that apply Characteristics of the Millennial Generation include:
always having the Internet in their world having been raised by indulgent parents having cell phones
The key to successful employee empowerment is free-flowing _____ and information throughout the organization.
communication
Frederick Taylor was nicknamed the ______ of scientific management:
father
According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide _____
motivation
Studies of the tasks performed in a job and the _____ needed for each is time-motion study.
time
Viewing employees as people who hate to work is considered the view point of a Theory _____ manager.
X
Which of the following theories of motivation is the basis for Management by Objectives?
Drucker's Goal-setting theory
Achieving increased productivity to benefit the worker and the firm was the goal of:
Frederick Taylor
The second set of Hawthorne Experiments continued to result in _____ productivity regardless of changing physical conditions.
increased
Taylor's method of studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques is called _____ _____
scientific management
Feeling personal satisfaction because you perform well is which type of reward?
Intrinsic reward
_____-_____ theory, the basis for Management by Objectives developed by Peter Drucker in the 1960s, proposes that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance.
goal setting
A culture that focuses on building personal relationships and trust before focusing on tasks is a _____ -context culture.
high
In a recent survey, what reason was given by nearly half of the respondents when asked what their reason was for changing jobs?
lack of appreciation
Select all that apply Which of these are basic elements of Taylor's Scientific Method?
method rules of work time
Herzberg studied job-related factors as they relate to _____
motivation
Select all that apply What were the goals of Taylor's scientific management?
Benefit the firm Benefit the worker Increase worker productivity
What theory is based on the idea that employees try to maintain fairness or balance between inputs and outputs as compared to others in similar positions?
Equity
True or false: Frederick Gilbreth was the "Father of Scientific Management".
False (Reason: Frederick Taylor was the Father of Scientific Management.)
The generational group of managers that expect to give and get more feedback on their work are:
Gen X
To which part of the theories is job enrichment most closely related?
Herzberg's higher-level motivators
Vroom's expectancy theory states that the:
amount of effort an employee exerts on a specific task depends on expectations of the outcome
Select all that apply Equity theory states that employees:
compare their inputs and outputs to those of others in similar positions perceptions of fairness affect motivation try to maintain equity between what they put into a job and what they get out of it
Gen Xers, Millennials, and Gen Z expect change to be the main _____ in their lives.
constant
Companies like Ford are using self-managed teams to improve productivity by allowing teams enough _____ to solve problems and meet objectives.
control
Herzberg studied the relationship between:
motivation and job-related factors
Job enrichment focuses on enhancing the elements most closely related to Herzberg's ______ or higher level needs as defined in his theory.
motivators
An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people:
naturally like to work
Maslow's theory states that once needs are met they:
no longer motivate
Taylor's goal was to increase worker efficiency and _____ in order to benefit both the firm and workers.
productivity
The unexpected results in the first set of Hawthorne Experiments that led to the second set of experiments was:
productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions
Select all that apply During the first set of Hawthorne Experiments,
productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions researchers realized there had to be another factor affecting productivity researchers thought they had failed due to the unexpected results
Select all that apply Taylor's method was to:
study the most efficient way to do a task teach people the one best way to do their jobs determine the one "best" way
Select all that apply The elements of scientific management include:
time method rules of work
Select all that apply Managers must recognize that motivating individuals today requires:
understanding of different cultures within a country familiarity with a variety of cultures from around the world knowing that generations have different cultures
Which theory states that an individual will not put forth effort without first evaluating their ability to perform the task and the value they place on the reward?
Expectancy theory
Low-context culture-------------> High-context culture ---------------->
-----------------> {Views relationship building as a waste of time; Places more emphasis on the task} -------------------> {Places an importance on group trust; Workers are encouraged to build personal relationships}
According to Ouchi's Theory Z, Type _________ management is achievement oriented.
A
According to Ouchi's research about the effect of national culture on organizations, Type _____ management relies on individual decision making and achievement.
A
The idea that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback and facilitated by organizational conditions is at the heart of which motivation theory?
Drucker's goal-setting theory
Select all that apply Taylor's Scientific Method became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s. Other researchers who worked with him, included:
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Henry L. Gantt
Select all that apply What two theories concentrate on managers' attitudes and assumptions about workers?
McGregor's Theory X McGregor's Theory Y
Globalization has created a need for managers to understand cultural differences in order to _____ employees around the world.
Motivate
Select all that apply Select assumptions made by a Theory Y manager about people.
People seek responsibility. People like to work.
Select all that apply According to Ouchi's Theory, which of these elements are included in Type A management?
Rapid promotion Individual decision making
Which type of management became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s?
Scientific
Frederick Taylor wrote:
The Principles of Scientific Management
A manager that views most employees as motivated to do work is operating under Blank______, while a manager that views most employees as lazy, is operating under Blank______.
Theory Y; Theory X
What kind of study analyzes which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task?
Time-motion
The belief that your work makes a difference and gives you satisfaction is an example of:
an intrinsic reward
Free-flowing communication and information throughout an organization are the key to successful:
empowerment
Frederick Taylor was called the _____ of scientific management.
father
Gen X managers are very able to provide employees with _____ because they want more of it themselves.
feedback
Select all that apply Gen X managers understand that:
flexibility and consensus building work well there is more to life than work results are more important than hours spent in the workplace
According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as:
wishing to avoid responsibility