Ch. 10: Late Adulthood

_____ involves the storage of information for long periods of time, whereas _____ is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that is responsible for temporarily holding information available for processing and most sensitive to decline in old age. a. Long-term memory; Working memory b. Factual; autobiographical c. Semantic; episodic d. Short-term; long-term

a. Long-term memory; Working memory

The ancient Greek city state of Sparta was ruled by a Gerousia. A Gerousia was a council made up of members who were at least 60 years old and served for life. The political power within the ruling class accumulates with age, making the oldest the holders of the most power. In many preindustrial societies, people over 65 still have influence and power in their vast knowledge is respected. This type of political and social structure is known as a _____. a. gerontocracy b. republic c. theocracy d. stateless society

a. gerontocracy

Jay is 72-years old and is someone who sees himself as having lived a satisfying and successful life. He is grateful to have had a good career at the division of motor vehicles for over 40 years, and even more grateful for the loving family he has. He coached his children and grandchildren in football. Even now, he babysits his great grandchildren and does activities with them as well. His life has been filled with productivity, or according to Erik Erikson, _____. a. integrity b. generativity c. initiative d. industry

a. integrity

The term senescence is another name for _____. a. primary aging b. hormonal aging c. secondary aging d. environmental aging

a. primary aging

Friendships tend to be an important influence in life satisfaction during late adulthood. Friends may be more influential than family members for many older adults. Which of the following theories supports the idea that as people age, friendships are not formed in order to enhance status or careers, but may be based purely on a sense of connection or the enjoyment of being together? a. socioemotional selectivity theory b. disengagement theory c. activity theory d. continuity theory

a. socioemotional selectivity theory

Mary worked in customer service for 40 years. She was known to be insightful and able to overcome obstacles that she encountered on a daily basis. She retired from her management position at the age of 65. Now, as a volunteer at a polling bureau, she puts her ability to use common sense and good judgment in making decisions to good use. Which ability, common to many older people but not all, is Mary displaying? a. wisdom b. expertise c. grace d. intelligence

a. wisdom

Michael is in his mid-60s and beginning to looking back over his life, evaluate it, and come to terms with it. Which psychosocial stage according to Erikson describes what Michael is attempting to accomplish? a. Integrity versus despair b. Generativity vs. Stagnation c. Continuity vs Disengagement d. Body transcendence versus body preoccupation

b. Generativity vs. Stagnation

Which of the following factors are considered in a description of one's functional age? a. Cognitive functioning b. Physical and psychosocial well-being c. Their ability to recover from illness d. Emotional/behavioral functioning

b. Physical and psychosocial well-being

Seventy-three year old Larry has contemplated his life and realizes he is dissatified. He realizes that missed opportunities have passed, like staying in contact with his children and being an involved grandparent. When he thinks of his accomplishments, he cannot say that he has accomplished what he wished. According to the theory of psychoanalist Erik Erikson, Larry is experiencing _____. a. integrity b. despair c. remorse d. self-analysis

b. despair

Lorraine is 70 years old and complains that she cannot read or drive as well as she once could because her vision and especially her peripheral vision has decreased. After an eye exam, the Doctor tells her that the fluid in her eyes cannot be drained properly causing too much pressure in the fluid in her eyes. What condition does Lorraine have? a. myopia b. glaucoma c. age-related macular degeneration d. cataracts

b. glaucoma

In late adulthood, the _____, are considered the group likely to experience some health problems and some difficulties with daily activities. a. oldest old b. old old c. middle old d. young old

b. old old

Nancy is in her early 60s and nervous about growing old because she doesn't want to be limited in her daily functioning or lose her memory or judgement. How might you reaussure Nancy about her fears? a. If she practices memory exercises and other cognitive activities, she can avoid dementia or Alzheimer's Disease b. Even with dementia, she will retain her ability to remember important people and events c. Dementia is not inevitable; while 10% will develop dementia in their lifetime, less than half of people above age 84 will have it d. Even if she does get Alzheimer's Disease, those with the illness typically live twenty years after the diagnosis and in good health.

c. Dementia is not inevitable; while 10% will develop dementia in their lifetime, less than half of people above age 84 will have it

Denise has been retired for 12 years and is 72 years old. She is having a conversation with her daughter, discussing plans to do different things with each of her grandchildren during the summer friendship with them. What style of grandparenting characterizes the type of grandparent Denise must be? a. involved grandparent b. remote grandparent c. companionate grandparent d. surrogate parent

c. companionate grandparent

Professor Black explains that genetics, diet, lifestyle, activity, and exposure to pollutants all play a role in the aging process, and suggests that processing in all parts of the nervous system, including the brain, are less efficient with age, hence why older people have more accidents. Professor Black is explaining the _____. a. free radical theory of aging b. the Hayflick limit theory of aging c. generalized slowing hypothesis d. peripheral slowing hypothesis

c. generalized slowing hypothesis

Research has shown that amond the populations over 65 years of age, divided attention impairments are significantly associated with _____. a. watching a screen for a sustained period of time b. storing information for long periods of time c. increased automobile accidents in older adults d. holding information in memory long enough to process

c. increased automobile accidents in older adults

Maria is 65 years old. She is retired but worked as a weaver-work which is quite physically demanding. Although Maria doesn't practice any sports or go to the gym, she is constantly on the move. She does all household chores alone, mainly because she has no one to help her. She admits, "Two years ago I moved a double mattress on my own and I broke a vertebra, and from then on I had to start taking calcium." Her doctor told her that her bones had become brittle, fragile, and thin. The doctor most likely diagnosed Maria with what condition? a. shingles b. arthritis c. osteoporosis d. diabetes

c. osteoporosis

Ninety-two-year-old Robert is watching his 25year-old grandson play an action video game that involves real time strategy. Robert challenges his grandson to a round, but a few minutes into the game, Robert gets frustrated because his fingers are not working fast enough, and decides to quit. What theory of aging might explain why Robert cannot keep up with his grandson's quick game play? a. generalized slowing hypothesis b. increased speed of processing time c. peripheral slowing hypothesis d. shortening of reaction time

c. peripheral slowing hypothesis

Demographers use which terminology to describe people between the ages of 65 and 74 years? a. geriatric b. oldest old c. young old d. old old

c. young old

Greg was diagnosed with _____ as a result of his high blood sugar and insulin resistance. His doctor recommended losing weight, exercising regularly, and eating properly to improve his health. a. Type 1 diabetes b. Osteoporosis c. Insulin-resistant d. Type 2 diabetes

d. Type 2 diabetes

James is 84 years old and complains to his doctor that he has blurred, "fuzzy" visiion. When he reads the newspaper the lines appear wavy or distorted. His Doctor tells him that he suffers from the most common cause of blindness in people over the age of 60, but not to worry because the disease was detected early. He put him on medication and a diet rich in antioxidants and thinks that he may even avoid laser surgery. James was diagnosed with _____. a. myopia b. glaucoma c. cataracts d. age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

d. age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Daisy wants to live much longer than her parents and grandparents, who died of health related issues in their late 60s. What is good advice for Daisy? a. exercise, sleep in longer time intervals, and be married b. take vitamins, have yearly check-ups, and increase caloric consumption c. get vaccinated, increase caloric intake, drink more alcohol d. exercise, eat more vegetables, and have good friends

d. exercise, eat more vegetables, and have good friends

Yvonne is 75 year-old active retiree and has decided to volunteer part-time at a day care for her church. Although she is physically fit for her age, she faces challenges in retaining information. Given her age, the most challenging information for Yvonne to remember is _____. a. current events b. names of family members c. names of the children in her elementary class d. information presented quickly and orally, such as complicated instructions

d. information presented quickly and orally, such as complicated instructions

Dr. Miller is giving a lecture on the theories of aging. She explains that genetics, diet, lifestyle, activity, and exposure to pollutants all play a role in the aging process, and suggests that overall processing speed declines in the peripheral nervous system affecting your brain's ability to communicate with your muscles and organs. Dr. Miller is explaining the _____. a. the Hayflick limit theory of aging b. free radical theory of aging c. generalized slowing hypothesis d. peripheral slowing hypothesis

d. peripheral slowing hypothesis