CH 10 PSYCH FINAL

The stage of the GAS characterized by the fight-or-flight response is the _________ stage.

alarm

(a) List some of the major risk factors for coronary heart dis- ease. (b) Which of these are we able to control?

(a) age, gender, heredity, lack of physical activity, obesity, high cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure, (b) all but the first three can potentially be con- trolled

List some psychological moderators of stress

social support, self-efficacy, perceptions of control and predictability, psychological hardiness, and optimism

The term (a) _______ refers to pressures and demands to adjust or adapt.

stress

Persistent or severe stress can impair the functioning of the immune system, leaving us more susceptible to many illnesses, including the (h) _______ cold.

common

Match the following types of stressors with the appropriate descriptions: (a) hassles; (b) life events; (c) conflict; (d) traumatic stressors. i. two or more competing goals where a choice must be made ii. common annoyances such as traffic jams and balancing work and social demands iii. major changes in life circumstances iv. potentially life-threatening events

(a) ii, hassles- common annoyances such as traffic jams and balancing work and social demands (b) iii, life events- major changes in life circumstances (c) i, conflict- two or more competing goals where a choice must be made (d) iv traumatic stressor- potentially life-threatening events

(a) Provide a psychological definition of stress. (b) At what point does stress lead to distress?

(a) pressures or demands placed upon an organism to adjust or adapt to its environment (b) when stress reaches a level that taxes our ability to cope effectively

Stress management techniques include maintaining stress at a tolerable level, learning (a) _______ skills, taking care of one's body, gathering information, expanding one's social network, using humor, (b) _______ burnout, replacing stress-inducing thoughts with stress-busting thoughts, not keeping upsetting feelings bottled up, and controlling Type A behavior.

(a) relaxation; (b) preventing,

The major sources of stress include daily (b) _______ (minor annoyances of daily life), life (c) _______ (changes in life circumstances), frustration (negative emotional response when goal-seeking behavior is blocked), conflict (state of opposing motives), (d) _______ _______ behavior pattern (competitive demanding, hurry-up behavior pat- tern), traumatic events (natural or human-caused disasters), and pressures of acculturation faced by immigrant groups.

(b) hassles; (c) changes; (d) Type A,

Stress activates a general pattern of physiological responses, described by Selye as the general adaptation syndrome, or GAS. GAS consists of the (e) _______ stage, the (f) _______ stage, and the (g) _______ stage

(e) alarm; (f) resistance; (g) exhaustion

Stress management techniques include maintaining stress at a tolerable level, learning (k) _______ skills, taking care of one's body, gathering information, expanding one's social network, using humor, preventing (l) _______, replacing stress-inducing thoughts with stress-busting thoughts, not keeping upsetting feelings bottled up, and controlling Type A behavior.

(k) relaxation; (l) burnout

Smoking _________ the risk of suffering a heart attack. a. doubles b. triples c. quadruples d. has no effect on

a. doubles

Which of the following are characteristics of the Type A behavior pattern? a. impatient, competitive, hard-driving behavior b. experiencing flashbacks, heightened arousal, and emotional numbness c. approach-avoidance conflicts or multiple approach-avoidance conflicts d. experiencing chronic stress or frustration

a. impatient, competitive, hard-driving behavior

Bacterial forms of STDs include a. HIV/AIDS. b. HPV. c. genital herpes. d. chlamydia.

d. chlamydia

Psychological buffers against stress include social sup- port, self-(i) _______, perceptions of controllability and predictability, psychological (j) _______, and optimism.

efficacy; hardiness

The body's general response to different kinds of stressors is called the _________ _________ syndrome.

general adaptation

Unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking and consumption of a (d) _______-fat diet, are linked to an increased risk of various forms of cancer.

high

Behaviors such as smoking, inactivity, and adopting an unhealthy diet as well as psychological traits such as (c) _______ are associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

hostility

We can reduce our chances of contracting an STD by avoiding unsafe sexual and (e) _______ practices. Match the following terms with the appropriate descriptions: (a) arteriosclerosis; (b) myocardial infarction (MI); (c) plaque; (d) atherosclerosis. i. narrowing of vessels carrying blood to the heart ii. fatty deposits on artery walls iii. a heart attack (blood clot blocks blood flow in a coronary artery) iv. thicker, harder, and less elastic artery wall

injection (a) iv, (b) iii, (c) ii, (d) i