Ch 11

According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold. Immanuel Kant used the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a ________ person. choleric melancholic phlegmatic sanguine

Choleric Phlegmatic

The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American culture. Contemporary Stereotypes Contemporized-Themes Cultural Themes Thematic Subjects

Contemporized-Themes

Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance? Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud Carl Rogers and Karen Horney Erik Erikson and Abraham Maslow Hans and Sybil Eysenck

Hans and Sybil Eysenck

Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth? Maslow Freud Rogers Skinner Adler Mischel Bandura Rotter Horney Erickson Allport Pavlov Jung Sheldon

Horney

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Research suggests that there are two dimensions of our temperament that are important parts of our adult personality: interactivity and self-regulation.

Interactivity should be changed to reactivity

How are the principles of reciprocal determinism present in observational learning? An individual's behavior is determined by the environment. Cognitive processes depend on imitation. Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate. The environment determines which personal factors a person chooses to observe.

Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate.

Who designed the first comprehensive system of constitutional psychology? Maslow Freud Rogers Skinner Adler Mischel Bandura Rotter Horney Erickson Allport Pavlov Jung Sheldon

Sheldon

In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament?

Yellow Bile from Liver

In Albert Banduras social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________. actions that are not internally motivated anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded reactions that are externally motivated specific actions that result in reactions

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned: ________ archetypes and personas beliefs and expectations defense mechanisms and coping strategies myths, legends, and stories

beliefs and expectations

A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.

external internal

Which of the following theorists is not neo-Freudian? Albert Bandura Carl Jung Erik Erikson Karen Horney

Bandura

Who developed the social-cognitive theory? Maslow Freud Rogers Skinner Adler Mischel Bandura Rotter Horney Erickson Allport Pavlov Jung Sheldon

Bandura

Which of the following is not something the theories of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow have in common? Both theories are humanistic. Both theories focus on individual choices. Both theories focus on the personality formed in infancy. Both theories reject biological determinism.

Both theories focus on the personality formed in infancy.

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive. Super Id Id Ego Super Ego

Id

Who proposed the locus of control concept? Maslow Freud Rogers Skinner Adler Mischel Bandura Rotter Horney Erickson Allport Pavlov Jung Sheldon

Rotter

Because we have developed certain response tendencies, ________ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns. Maslow Freud Rogers Skinner Adler Mischel Bandura Rotter Horney Erickson Allport Pavlov Jung Sheldon

Skinner

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Hippocrates theorized phlegmatic, the personality trait, was associated with black bile from the kidneys

White phlgem from the lungs

According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization? ability of the extrovert to become an introvert in the second half of life ability of the introvert to become an extrovert in the second half of life balance between extroversion and introversion moving past the archetypes of the collective unconscious

balance between extroversion and int

Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ________ if used rigidly and compulsively. become neurotic strategies lose their effectiveness result in a complete mental breakdown result in obsessive-compulsive behavior

become neurotic strategies

________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

heritability

Who suggested birth order shaped personality? Maslow Freud Rogers Skinner Adler Mischel Bandura Rotter Horney Erickson Allport Pavlov Jung Sheldon

Adler

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? Denial Displacement Regression reaction Formation Rationalization Repression Rejection Sublimination

Denial Regression

Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________. extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability extroversion/stability; introversion/neuroticism phlegmatic/choleric; sanguine/melancholic phlegmatic/melancholic; choleric/sanguine

extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has... Dan avoids applying to college because he doubts he can succeed. He is working a retail job, but he tends to focus on the things he does wrong. In fact, he has almost no confidence in his abilities, and when he experiences a setback at work he is ready to quit. Albert Bandura would say Dan has... healthy cognitive processes high self-efficacy vicarious learning no context low self-efficacy malfunctioning cognitive processes moderate reciprocal determinism

high self eff low self eff

As the third force in psychology, ________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists view of humans passively reacting to the environment.

humanism

The ________ approach to the study of personality came about in reaction to the dominance of Western approaches to the study of personality in non-Western settings. culture femenist indigenous TEMAS

indigenous

How can parents help their children achieve high congruence? forcing them to be independent giving them unconditional love not allowing them to use their defense mechanisms pointing out their mistakes

unconditional love