Ch. 11: Muscle Anatomy

What muscle is the most important muscle for respiration? What additional muscles aid in inspiration and forceful expiration?

- The diaphragm : inspiration -Intercostal muscle, pectoralis minor, the scalenes, and sternocleidomastoid aid : aid in forceful inspiration -Abdominal muscles : aid in forceful expiration

In what muscle compartment are the biceps brachia and brachial muscle located? In what compartment is their antagonist muscle located?

-Bicep brachii & brachialis located in anterior compartment of the arm -Their antagonist muscle group, triceps brachia located in posterior compartment of arm

What are the actions in the posterior compartment of the thigh? What muscle group functions as an antagonist to these muscles?

-Muscles in posterior compartment of which extend the thigh and flex the knee -Quadriceps femurs group functions as an antagonist to these musclees

A muscle that abducts the thigh would cross the hip on which side of the joint? What action would the antagonist muscle produce?

-Thigh abductor crosses hip on the lateral side of the joint -The antagonist muscle produces adduction

All of the hamstring muscles work together in which actions? A) extending and medially rotating the leg B) extending the thigh and flexing the leg C) flexing the thigh and extending the leg D) flexing and laterally rotating the leg

B) extending the thigh and flexing the leg

Which action is performed my most muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm? A) flexion B) extension C) supination D) pronation

B) extension

The most numerous facial muscles are associated with the A) nasal and otic regions B) oral region C) orbital region D) frontal and mental regions

B) oral region

All of the following are muscles of mastication except the A) temporalis B) risorius C) lateral pterygoid D) masseter

B) risorius

Which muscle performs most of the actions required to cross one's legs? A) adductor longus B) sartorius C) pectineus D) iliopsoas

B) sartorius

Which muscle is the prime mover in protraction of the scapula? A) pectoralis minor B) serratus anterior C) levator scapulae D) subclavius

B) serratus anterior

Which muscles elevate the ribs in respiration? A) serratus posterior inferior and internal intercostals B) serratus posterior superior and external intercostals C) diaphragm and transversus thoracis D) all of the above

B) serratus posterior superior and external intercostals

The ____________ assists the subscapularis in medial rotation of the arm. A) teres minor B) teres major C) triceps brachii (long head) D) deltoid (posterior fibers)

B) teres major

Why is the muscle group on the dorsal part of the lower leg larger than the muscle group on the ventral side?

Because that is the side that requires the most contraction power to move the bones it is connected to for motion.

When this large muscle contracts, the vertical dimensions of the thoracic cavity increase. A) external intercostal B) internal intercostal C) diaphragm D) transversus thoracis

C) diaphragm

Which muscle extends and laterally rotates the thigh? A) semimembranosus B) semitendinosus C) gluteus maximus D) iliopsoas

C) gluteus maximus

Which muscle extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm? A) pectoralis major B) deltoid C) latissimus dorsi D) teres minor

C) latissimus dorsi

Which muscle protrudes the lower lip (as when you "pout")? A) risorius B) levator labii superioris C) mentalis D) zygomaticus major

C) mentalis

Muscles of the pelvic floor perform which of the following functions? A) support the pelvic viscera B) assist erection of the penis or clitoris C) help control defecation and urination D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Which of the following muscles reinforce the anterolateral wall of the abdomen? A) rectus abdominis B) internal and external oblique C) transversus abdominis D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Of all the scapular muscles, the only one that flexes and adducts the arm is the A) teres major B) supraspinatus C) infraspinatus D) coracobrachialis

D) coracobrachialis

Which muscle pulls the lower lip inferiorly and tenses the skin of the neck? A) depressor anguli oris B) depressor labii inferioris C) mentalis D) platysma

D) platysma

he anterior thigh muscles that extend the leg are collectively called the A) rectus femoris B) vastus group C) hamstrings D) quadriceps femoris

D) quadriceps femoris

The ____________ muscles are antagonistic to the inferior portions of the erector spinae. A) interspinales B) longissimus C) multifidus D) rectus abdominis

D) rectus abdominis

Which muscle is the prime mover in extension of the elbow? A) brachialis B) biceps brachii C) anconeus D) triceps brachii

D) triceps brachii

List two muscles that act in synergy as prime movers for planter flexion.

Gastrocnemius and soles act in synergy prime movers for plantar flexion

What muscle is the prim move of dorsiflexion? Why is this motion important during walking?

Lesser gluteals shift the trunk from side to side during walking to keep body upright, and to the center of gravity over the limb on the group -without their action trunk would fall toward the unsupported side when limb is in the swing phase of gait

At most joints (the knee and ankle are exceptions) what movement is produced by muscles that cross the posterior side of the joint?

Muscles that cross on the posterior side of joint is extension

What are synergist muscles?

Muscles which work together to perform the same motion ex. Bicep brachii ex2. brachialis

What are Antagonist Muscles?

Muscles work in opposition to each other. example: 1) biceps brachii for forearm flexion 2) triceps brachii for forearm extension

Why are pennate muscles more powerful than parallel muscles?

Pennate muscles pack more muscle fibers into a unit area than parallel muscles; thus they are able to create greater force

What are fixators?

Synergist muscle which work to hold a bone ,so a prime mover has a stable base to move a body part

Bicep brachii and brachial both flex the forearm. These muscle function as ___.

Synergists

What does the muscle name indicate about each muscle listed? Use the root terms at the back of the text if needed. a) Latissimus dorsi b) Sternocleidomastoid c) serratus anterior d) aductor magnus

a. Lattissimus dorsi -wide back -description superficial back muscle b. Sternocleidomastoid -origin of this muscle at sternum and clavicle -insertion is on mastoid process of temporal bone c. Serratus, anterior refers to the saw-like appearance of this muscle -like serrated knife, location on anterior/lateral thoracic wall d.Adductor magnus -large adductor muscle of thigh

The appendicular muscles A) stabilize the pectoral and pelvic girdles B) control the movements of the upper and lower limbs C) work in groups that are either synergistic or antagonistic D) all of the above

all of the above

The epicranius is composed of which of the following? A) the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle B) the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle C) the epicranial aponeurosis D) all of the above

all of the above

The muscle that flexes the forearm at the elbow and supinates it is the

bicep brachii

The quadriceps femoris muscles include all the following except..

bicep femoris

One function of the transversus abdominis muscle is to A) elevate the ribs. B) compress the abdominal wall. C) extend the vertebral column. D) increase the dimensions of the thoracic cavity.

compress the abdominal wall.

The orbicularis oris muscle A) compresses and purses the lips B) elevates the corner of the mouth C) draws the lower lip inferiorly D) draws the corner of the lip laterally

compresses and purses the lips

The anatomical snuff box

contains the styloid process of the radius

Of all the scapular muscles, the only one that flexes and adducts the arm is the

coracobrachialis

In terms of adduction and abduction of the arm, which muscle opposes the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi? A) teres major B) infraspinatus C) coracobrachialis D) deltoid

deltoid

In one of its actions, the little ____________ muscle opposes the entire group of ____________. A) digastric; muscles of mastication B) styloglossus; pharyngeal constrictors C) medial pterygoid; extrinsic tongue muscles D) buccinator; extrinsic eye muscles

digastric; muscles of mastication

he tibialis anterior opposes the soleus by performing which action? A) plantar flexion B) eversion C) dorsiflexion D) inversion

dorsiflexion

Anterior leg Posterior leg

dorsiflexion/digit extension plantarflexion/digit flexion

The three large, complex groups of muscles that extend or laterally flex the vertebral column are collectively called the ____________ muscles.

erector spinae

The three large, complex groups of muscles that extend or laterally flex the vertebral column are collectively called the ____________ muscles. A) iliocostalis B) spinalis C) erector spinae D) longissimus

erector spinae

Someone who sticks out a thumb to hitch a ride is

extending

All of the hamstring muscles work together in which actions?

extending the thigh and flexing the leg

The ____________ all insert on the tibial tuberosity (by way of the patella). A) extensors of the coxal joint B) flexors of the coxal joint C) extensors of the knee joint D) flexors of the knee joint

extensors of the knee joint

Which superficial leg muscle has two bellies that compose the calf? A) soleus B) gastrocnemius C) tibialis posterior D) plantaris

gastrocnemius

a prime mover of thigh flexion at the hip is the

iliopsoas

The major muscles used in doing a chin-up are the

latissimus dorsi and brachii

brief action of the following: Anterior thigh Posterior thigh

leg extension leg flexion

what is a prime mover?

major role in producing the motion ex. brachialis prime mover

Most of the forearm muscles in the anterior compartment originate on the A) lateral side of the radius, near the proximal end B) proximal half of the ulna C) lateral epicondyle of the humerus D) medial epicondyle of the humerus

medial epicondyle of the humerus

The axial muscles do all of the following except A) originate and insert on bones of the axial skeleton B) move and stabilize the pelvic and pectoral girdles C) support and move the head and spinal column D) assist in food processing and swallowing

move and stabilize the pelvic and pectoral girdles

Which of these muscles insert into the superficial fascia of the skin?

muscles of facial expression

Which of these muscles insert into the superficial fascia of the skin? A) posterior neck muscles B) anterolateral neck muscles C) muscles of facial expression D) muscles of mastication

muscles of facial expression

Specific groups within the muscles of the head and neck include A) muscles of facial expression and extrinsic eye muscles B) muscles of mastication and muscles that move the tongue C) muscles of the pharynx and muscles of the anterior neck D) all of the above

muscles of facial expression and extrinsic eye muscles

upper limbs: Triceps brachii

o. long head: infraglenoid tubercle oo. lateral head: proximal posterior shaft of humerus ooo. medial head: distal posterior shaft of humerus i. olecranon process of ulna a. forearm extension

Upper Limbs: Biceps brachii

o. long head: supraglenoid tubercle oo. short head: corocoid process i. radial tuberosity a. forearm flexion

Lower Limbs: Gastrocnemius

o. medial and lateral condyles of femur i. posterior calcaneous via calcaneal tendon a. plantarflexion & leg flexion

Head muscle: Occipitofrontalis list the o (origin), i (insertion), a (action)

o. occipital bone i. skin of eyebrow a. elevates eyebrows

Trunk Muscles: Rectus abdominis

o. pubis i. xiphoid process of sternum a. vertebral column flexion

Neck Muscles: Sternocleidomastoid

o. sternum & clavicle i. mastoid process of temporal bone a. head rotation & neck flexion

The muscle that closes the eye and produces winking, blinking, and squinting is the A) orbicularis oculi B) orbicularis oris C) superior rectus D) superior oblique

orbicularis oculi

A muscle fascicles are arranged at an angle to a central longitudinal tendon has this arrangement..

pennate

The region between the lower appendages, bounded by the pubic symphysis, coccyx, and ischial tuberosities, is called the A) urogenital triangle B) perineum C) pelvic diaphragm D) anal triangle

perineum

The posterior muscles of the leg A) evert and dorsiflex the foot B) extend the leg and plantar flex the foot C) dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes D) plantar flex the foot and flex the toes

plantar flex the foot and flex the toes

The only quadriceps muscle that moves both the coxal and knee joints is the A) rectus femoris B) vastus medialis C) vastus lateralis D) vastus intermedius

rectus femoris

All of the following are muscles of mastication except the

risorius

Unilateral contraction of the ____________ results in lateral flexion and rotation of the head to the opposite side; bilateral contraction flexes the head and neck.

sternocleidomastoid

Unilateral contraction of the ____________ results in lateral flexion and rotation of the head to the opposite side; bilateral contraction flexes the head and neck. A) sternocleidomastoid B) splenius capitis and cervicis C) longissimus capitis D) superior oblique

sternocleidomastoid

When the left and right _____ contract, they flex the head and neck. A) sternocleidomastoid B) longissimus group C) splenius D) rectus abdominis

sternocleidomastoid

A muscle that helps an agonist by causing a similar movement or by stabilizing a joint over which the agonist act is ...

synergist

All of the following are rotator cuff muscles except the

teres major

All of the following are rotator cuff muscles except the A) supraspinatus B) teres minor C) teres major D) subscapularis

teres major

Which muscle is antagonistic to the unilateral action of the left sternocleidomastoid?

the left splenius capitis

Which muscle is antagonistic to the unilateral action of the left sternocleidomastoid? A) the right longissimus capitis B) the left splenius capitis C) the right splenius cervicis D) none of the above

the left splenius capitis

the chewing muscles that protract the mandible and grind the teeth from side to side are

the pterygoids

Which muscle is the primary antagonist of the muscles that insert on the calcaneus?

tibialis anterior

Which muscle pulls the lower lip inferiorly and tenses the skin of the neck?

platysma

Which muscles elevate the ribs in respiration?

serratus posterior superior and external intercostals