Ch. 12

Female friendships involve more _____ than male friendships.

self-disclosure

Which of the following is a problem that can plague cross-gender friendships?

unclear sexual boundaries

Which of the following is a factor associated with increases in divorce?

youthful marriage

How can romantic love impact mental health?

Heightened romantic love in young adults can be linked to stronger depression and anxiety symptoms.

How does romantic love impact sleep quality?

Heightened romantic love in young adults is associated with better sleep quality.

What are some negative effects of divorce on adults?

Higher rates of depression, anxiety, physical illnesses, suicide, motor vehicle accidents, alcoholism, and mortality

What is the divorce rate in the United States?

Highest in the world

How does the development of friendships differ between childhood and adulthood?

In childhood, friendships are limited by parental control, while adulthood exposes individuals to new people and opportunities for new friendships.

What is affectionate love characterized by?

Intimacy without passion.

What is a risk associated with cohabitation?

Intimate partner violence.

Why is turning toward each other important in a relationship?

It allows two individuals to see each other as close friends.

How does turning toward each other benefit a relationship?

It helps prevent differences from overwhelming the relationship.

Why is it difficult for single adults?

Judgment from others and internal struggles

What recent legal development has occurred for same-sex couples?

Legalization of same-sex marriage.

Which group is more likely to adopt children: lesbians or gay couples?

Lesbians are more likely to adopt children.

What are some examples of adult lifestyles?

Living alone, cohabiting, marrying, divorcing, and remarrying.

What are the different adult lifestyles?

Living alone, cohabiting, marrying, divorcing, and remarrying.

What is cohabitation?

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married.

What does passion involve in love?

Physical and sexual attraction.

What are Gottman's principles?

Principles related to successful relationships.

What are some advantages of the single lifestyle?

Time to make decisions, develop personal resources, freedom to make autonomous decisions, opportunities to explore and try new experiences, privacy

Why was the user's mother more child-focused when deciding to get back into a relationship?

To ensure the well-being of her children.

Penelope is describing her marriage of 15 years: "My spouse and I were eating breakfast the other day. Neither of us was talking, both of us just reading and thinking our own thoughts. But it was a very comfortable, companionable silence, and I loved it!" What aspect of their relationship does this illustrate?

affectionate love

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married is known as

cohabitation.

According to Robert J. Sternberg's triangular theory of love, _____ is physical and sexual attraction to another.

passion

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, love is characterized by the dimensions of

passion, commitment, and intimacy.

How do gender friendships compare in adulthood?

92% of women and 88% of men have a best friend of the same sex.

What is an open relationship?

A relationship where partners can have sexual relationships with others.

Which of the following is true about gender differences in adult friendships?

Adult male friendships are more competitive than those of women.

What are the two types of remarried individuals?

Adult-focused and child-focused.

What is the difference between adult-focused and child-focused remarried individuals?

Adult-focused individuals respond to partner concerns, while child-focused individuals respond to child concerns.

What are the characteristics of affectionate love?

Affectionate love is companionate, deep, and less focused on passion and infatuation.

How does education and ethnicity affect marriage?

Bachelor's degree delays marriage but increases marriage duration. Asian American women are most likely to be married first.

What does turning toward each other mean in the context of marriage?

Being each other's best friend and significant other.

What is the main difficulty in affectionate love?

Boredom and familiarity with the person.

How do you handle conflicts in your relationship?

By seeing where each other is coming from and not letting it get in the way.

What is commitment in love?

Cognitive appraisal of the relationship.

What is affectionate love?

Companionate love with deep affection for another.

What are some side effects of divorce?

Depression and suicidal thoughts

What are some problems faced by cohabiting couples?

Disapproval by parents and family members, emotional strain.

What additional challenges do gay and lesbian couples face?

Discrimination and prejudice.

Has divorce declined or increased within second marriages?

Divorce has continued to increase within second marriages.

What is the fourth lifestyle?

Divorced adults

What is the fifth strategy for dealing with divorce?

Don't expect to be successful and happy in everything you do.

What does intimacy relate to in love?

Emotional feelings.

Which of the following is one of John Gottman's seven main practices that help marriages succeed?

Establish love maps.

What is the third strategy for dealing with divorce?

Focus more on the future than the past.

What are some challenges within the single lifestyle?

Forming intimate relationships, confronting loneliness, finding a niche in a marriage-oriented society

What is the role of friendship in a relationship according to Gottman's principle?

Friendship does not prevent arguments but can prevent differences from overwhelming the relationship.

What role do friendships play in adult development?

Friendships are essential for the development of adults, just like they are for children.

What is the final lifestyle?

Gay and lesbian adults.

Which of the following statements is true about gay and lesbian couples?

Gays and lesbians prefer long-term, committed relationships.

How does the percentage of single adults in the United States compare to other countries?

Lower than Great Britain, Germany, and Japan

What is the second strategy for dealing with divorce?

Make decisions carefully, considering the long-term consequences.

Do all gay couples prefer long-term relationships?

Many gay couples prefer long-term relationships, but some have open relationships.

What were the previous legal barriers for same-sex partners?

Marriage laws prevented same-sex partners from easily breaking up.

What is the third lifestyle discussed?

Married adults.

Why do men tend to remarry sooner than women?

Men are less likely to worry about potential scenarios.

Identify a true statement regarding remarriage in the United States.

Men tend to remarry after a divorce sooner than women do.

What opportunities for new friendships arise in adulthood?

Moving to new locations can lead to establishing new friendships in the neighborhood or at work.

What factors contribute to the formation of new friendships in adulthood?

Moving to new locations provides opportunities to establish new friendships in the neighborhood or at work.

What has changed in marital relationships for recent generations?

Norm of male-female equality and higher expectations.

Why do some individuals remarry?

Not for love, but for financial or other reasons.

Which of the following is an advantage of having children late?

Parents have more income for child-rearing expenses.

What are the components of romantic love?

Passion, fear, anger, sexual desire, joy, and jealousy.

What are the three sides of Sternberg's love triangle?

Passion, intimacy, and commitment.

What are the reasons for having same-sex best friends?

People may have same-sex best friends because they can relate to them and share similar experiences.

Why do people tend to have same-sex best friends?

People often have same-sex best friends because they can relate to them more and share similar experiences.

What is the fifth lifestyle?

Remarried adults who have divorced and then remarried.

What are the potential problems associated with romantic love?

Romantic love can lead to problems such as depression due to the complex emotions involved.

What is another term for romantic love?

Romantic love is also known as passionate love or eros.

What is the difference between romantic and affectionate love?

Romantic love is passionate and infatuation-based, while affectionate love is more companionate and deep.

What are some strategies for dealing with divorce?

Seeking therapy, maintaining open communication, prioritizing children's well-being

What fuels affectionate love?

Sexual attraction, reduced loneliness, uncertainty, and novelty.

What is the other form of love focused on?

Sexual tensions and less commitment.

What is the first lifestyle mentioned?

Single adults

Explain Sternberg's Triangle of Love.

Sternberg's Triangle of Love describes love as a combination of intimacy, passion, and commitment.

What are the different components of love according to Sternberg?

Sternberg's Triangle of Love includes intimacy, passion, and commitment.

Which of the following is an advantage of having children early?

The parents are likely to have more physical energy.

How long do most cohabiting relationships last?

They do not last longer than five years.

How are gay and lesbian relationships similar to heterosexual relationships?

They experience love, conflict, joy, etc.

Why do many adults choose cohabitation?

They may not want to be or are not ready for marriage yet.

What is the first strategy for dealing with divorce?

Think of divorce as a chance to grow personally and develop positive relationships.

What is Gottman's principle of turning toward each other?

Turning to each other for help and support in a marriage.

What is the fourth strategy for dealing with divorce?

Use your strengths and resources to cope with difficulties.

When does divorce usually occur?

Within five and ten years of marriage

How does divorce affect women and men differently?

Women may move on quicker, but they may economically struggle more than men

Have gay couples also started adopting children?

Yes, many gay couples have begun to adopt children.

Can adults remarry partners of the opposite sex?

Yes.

Can adults remarry partners of the same sex?

Yes.

Do couples who live together before marriage have higher divorce rates?

Yes.

What factors are associated with increased divorce rates?

Youthful marriage, low educational level, low income, not having a religious affiliation, having parents who are divorced, and having a baby before marriage

Farrah and Bilal are in a love relationship. Farrah has appraised their relationship and fully intends to maintain it even when faced with problems. Farrah believes that Bilal also loves her and will stand by her through life's ups and downs. According to Robert J. Sternberg's triangular theory of love, which of the following dimensions of love is emphasized in this scenario?

commitment

According to Robert J. Sternberg, _____ love is the strongest and fullest form of love.

consummate

Most divorces occur in the _____ year of marriage.

fifth to tenth

One of the benefits of a good marriage is

increased longevity.

Julie describes how she feels about Mark: "I'm very physically attracted to him, but we aren't what you would call emotionally close. I love being with him, but I don't know that this will be a long-lasting relationship." According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, which type of love is Julie experiencing?

infatuation

According to Robert J. Sternberg's triangular theory of love, _____ relates to the emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship.

intimacy

Erikson describes _____ as finding oneself while losing oneself in another person, and it requires a commitment to another person.

intimacy

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages occurs during early adulthood, after individuals are well on their way to establishing stable and successful identities?

intimacy versus isolation