Ch 12

A(n) _____ is a small group of senior managers representing the business and information system organizations that provide guidance and support to a project.

steering team

Which of the following is an advantage of a traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC)?

Formal review at the end of each phase allows maximum management control

. _____ begins during systems analysis and identifies the two or three strongest contenders among the vendors

Preliminary evaluation

_____ determines whether a project can be completed in a reasonable amount of time

Schedule feasibility

______ are people who ultimately will be affected (for better or worse) by a systems development project.

Stakeholders

A(n) _____ is a documented process to recover an organization's business information system assets including hardware, software, data, networks, and facilities in the event of a disaster

disaster recovery plan

A(n) _____ is a backup copy of all files changed during the last few days or the last week

incremental backup

Determining the _____ involves an analysis of existing and future laws to determine the likelihood of legal action against a systems development project and possible consequences of such action.

legal feasibility

A _____ is a description of the logical and physical structure of data and the relationships among the data for each user.

schema

. In a user interface design, most systems provide a(n) _____ that requires identification numbers, passwords, and other safeguards to improve security and prevent unauthorized use.

sign on procedure

The systems development process is also called a(n) _____ because the activities associated with it are ongoing.

systems development life cycle

______ are factors that are essential to the success of a functional area of an organization

Critical Success Factors

. _____ requires unbiased and careful questioning of whether system elements are related in the most effective ways, considering new or different relationships among system elements, and possibly introducing new elements into the system.

Critical analysis

_____ is a structured meeting process that can accelerate and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of not only the investigation phase, but also the analysis and design phases of a systems development project.

Joint application development

. _____ are the people who will regularly interact with a system as they complete their work.

Users

. A(n) ____ is a computer environment that includes rooms, electrical service, telecommunications links, data storage devices, and the like.

_Cold Site

A professional who specializes in analyzing and designing business systems is called a(n) ____.

a systems analyst

A(n) _____ is a duplicate operational hardware system or immediate access to one through a specialized vendor

hot site

In the context of data-flow diagrams (DFDs), the process symbol _____.

identifies the function being performed

. A(n) _____ is a separate file that contains only changes to applications.

image log

. In a user interface design, with a(n) _____ system, users select what they want to do from a list of alternatives

menu driven

_____ are processes that play a pivotal role in an organization's continued operations and goal attainment.

mission-critical processes

_____ is concerned with how a system will be accepted by people and how well it will meet various system performance expectations.

operational feasibility

The _____ is a rule of thumb used in business that helps people focus on the vital 20 percent that generate 80 percent of the results.

pareto principle

A(n) _____ is a comparison of vendor options conducted in a computing environment and with a workload that matches its intended operating conditions.

performance evaluation test

The _____ is a key member and leader of a steering team who plays such a critical role that lack of this essential individual raises the probability of project failure.

project sponsor

In the context of system performance, _____ is the hours a system is actually available for use divided by the hours the system is scheduled to be available and is expressed as a percentage

reliability

. A(n) _____ is a formal document that outlines an organization's hardware or software needs and requests vendors to develop a detailed plan of how they would meet those needs and at what cost.

request for proposal

. _____ is the stage of systems development that answers the question, "How will the information system solve a problem?"

system design

_____ is the first phase in the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) of a new or modified business information system.

system investigation

. During the _____ phase of the systems development life cycle, people attempt to answer the questions, "What must the information system do to solve the problem?"

systems analysis

The _____ is a sequential multistage process where work on the next stage cannot begin until the results of the previous stage are reviewed and approved or modified as necessary

traditional systems development life cycle

. In the context of data-flow diagrams (DFDs), a(n) _____ shows either the source or destination of the data

. entity symbol

_____ creates a complete set of technical specifications that can be used to construct an information system.

. systems design

The decision regarding whether to obtain the necessary software from internal or external sources is called _____.

.make-versus-buy decision..

Directly observing an existing system in action by one or more members of the analysis team is called _____.

Direct observation

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC)?

Documentation is expensive and time consuming to create

_____ determines whether the expected benefits associated with a project outweigh the expected costs sufficiently to make the project financially attractive.

Economic feasibility

. The ___ __ is an evaluation that begins with a detailed investigation of contenders' proposals as well as discussions with two or three customers of each vendor.

Final Evaluation

_____ is a technique used primarily during the investigation phase of systems development to define the business processes included within the scope of a system

Functional decomposition

Who among the following has final approval of all requests for changes in project scope, budget, and schedule?

The project sponsor

Ideally, how many members should be there in a steering team for systems development?

Three to five

. A(n) _____ is a collection of instructions and commands that define and describe data and relationships in a specific database

data definition language

A(n) _____ is a detailed description of all data used in a database

data dictionary

A(n) _____ is a diagram used during both the analysis and design phases of a systems development life cycle (SDLC) to document the processes of the current system or to provide a model of a proposed new system.

data flow diagram

In the context of data flow diagrams (DFDs), a(n) _____ reveals a storage location for data

data store symbol

In the context of data-flow diagrams (DFDs), the _____ includes arrows that show the direction of data movement

data-flow line

In a user interface design, when users want to know more about a program or feature or what type of response is expected, they can activate the _____.

help facility