Ch 12 Mgmt

Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives?

Goal-setting theory Equity theory Expectancy theory

Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors?

Herzberg's two-factor theory

Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes?

Job characteristics model

After the creation of a "to-do" list for accomplishing short-term goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness?

Prioritize the tasks you need to complete to reach your goal.

"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation?

Reinforcement theory

To be successful, an incentive compensation plan must be ______.

measureable

When working on your plan, it is important to ______.

remain flexible

One survey found that about half of U.S. adults would be willing to take a 10% pay cut if it meant ______.

working at a job they found meaningful

According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs?

Autonomy Competence Relatedness

Which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement?

Be clear about what behavior is desired. Give rewards as soon as possible.

After you identify a long-term goal, what is the second step in developing career readiness?

Break your long-term goal into several short-term goals.

After tasks on a to-do list are prioritized, what is the next step in developing career readiness?

Create a time schedule for reaching your long-term goal.

After breaking your long-term goal into several short-term goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness?

Create a to-do list for accomplishing short-term goals.

The model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas?

Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.

What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation?

Expectancy

There is one main theory as to what motivates people, and this theory is accepted by most people.

False

True or false: Money is the best motivator.

False

What is the modern way of designing jobs?

Fitting jobs to people

Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs?

Goal-setting theory

What is the first step in developing career readiness?

Identify your most important long-term goal.

Why is creating a time schedule important when it comes to developing a career management plan?

It enables you to monitor your progress. It helps you organize your schedule.

What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people?

Job enrichment Job enlargement

Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following?

Justice Fairness

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is ______ theory.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ______.

McClelland's acquired needs theory

What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives?

McClelland's acquired needs theory Herzberg's two-factor theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

Which statements about motivation are true?

Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior. Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation.

How does McClelland view needs?

Needs are something we learn from our culture.

What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation?

Performance to outcomes Effort to performance

Which of the following are levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Physiological Esteem Love Safety

Merilee is a seamstress in a garment factory, and she is paid $10 for each skirt she produces. What compensation plan does this describe?

Piece rate

Match the type of reinforcement with its description.

Positive reinforcement answer drop zone Using rewards or positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior correct toggle button unavailableUsing rewards or positive consequences to strengthen a particular behaviorNegative reinforcement 2 of 4Negative reinforcementNegative reinforcement answer drop zone Strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative correct toggle button unavailableStrengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negativeExtinction 3 of 4ExtinctionExtinction answer drop zone Weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced correct toggle button unavailableWeakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforcedPunishment 4 of 4PunishmentPunishment answer drop zone Weakening a behavior by presenting something negative or withholding something positive correct toggle button unavailableWeakening a behavior by presenting something negative or withholding something positive

Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act?

Process perspectives

What are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model?

Psychological states Work outcomes Core job characteristics

What does the technique called scientific management seek to do?

Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs Raise employee productivity Increase employee efficiency

What characteristics should your long-term goal have?

Results-oriented Attainable Measurable

What are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory?

Specific Challenging Achievable

What are characteristics of the best incentive compensation plans?

They link rewards to performance. They are agreed on by both employees and managers.

True or false: Pay for performance allows different salaried employees to get different pay raises and other rewards.

True

What are three types of learning opportunities?

Tuition reimbursement Studying co-workers Learning and development

A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation?

Two-factor theory

After creating a time schedule for accomplishing tasks and goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness?

Work the plan, give yourself rewards when appropriate, and make needed adjustments.

Why should you break your most important long-term goal into many short-term goals?

You are more likely to achieve a long-term goal if you break it down into smaller goals.

Your to-do list for achieving short-term goals should identify the ______.

daily tasks you need to complete

Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job ______.

design

The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas?

employees are underutilized. Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety.

When rewarding an employee for a behavior, you should ______.

give rewards as soon as possible

The economic or protective potential of employee experience, actions, and knowledge is referred to as ______. Multiple choice question.

human capital

Which are principal perspectives on motivation?

job design content reinforcement process

Scientific ______ is the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs.

management

Pay for performance, basing pay on one's results, is also known as ______ pay.

merit

The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior ______.

modification

The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called ______.

motivation

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ______.

needs

When prioritizing the tasks you need to complete to reach your career goals, you should ______.

order them from low importance to high importance

A pay-for-performance plan in which employees are paid according to their productivity is referred to as ______.

piece rate

Anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited is known as ______.

reinforcement

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ______ theory.

self-determination