Ch. 12 Psych

Chameleon

Julius begins to yawn while he and his girlfriend are studying together. Soon his girlfriend begins to yawn. This best illustrates the chameleon effect.

normative

Kentaro hates to wear ties but wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid his family's disapproval. Kentaro's behavior exemplifies the importance of _________social influence.

bystander effect.

Social psychologists have observed people's willingness to pick up dropped coins or pencils in elevators in order to study the ______________.

scapegoat theory

The ________ most clearly suggests that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame when things go wrong.

foot-in-the-door

The __________ phenomenon refers to the tendency to comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request.

cognitive dissonance.

The discomfort we feel when our thoughts and behaviors are inconsistent is called ____________.

polarization.

The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called group _________.

situational influences, personal dispositions

The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of_________ and to overestimate the impact of ____________ in explaining the behavior of others.

Solomon Asch.

The social psychologist who is best known for his pioneering studies of conformity is ___________.

Fundamental attribution

The tendency in individualistic cultures to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external, situational factors is called the _____ error.

other- race effect.

The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races is called the ________.

Social

The____ psychology branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.

role playing

After she was promoted to a high-level executive position in the large company for which she worked, Jorana developed more pro-business political attitudes. This best illustrates the impact of _________ on attitudes.

social

At her health club, Bonnie, who is a skilled runner, runs much faster on the treadmill when other patrons are using nearby equipment. This best illustrates facilitation.

in-group bias

Creating groups based on the outcome of a coin toss leads people to favor their own new group when dividing any rewards. This best illustrates ingroup bias.

just-world

During deliberations on a rape case, some of the jurors commented that the victim had a history of going out to various bars and had been dressed too provocatively. Looking like that, they believed, she asked to be assaulted. The jurors' comments are best explained in terms of the ________ phenomenon.

similar

Group polarization is most likely to occur in a group in which individuals share a ______ opinion.

teacher's

Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because the _________ were more obedient than most people would have predicted.

obedience

Participants in the Milgram ________ studies were ordered to deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers.

frustration- aggression principle.

Shortly after learning that he did not make it onto his high school football team, Alex vandalized the team's locker room and broke several of the school's windows. His behavior is best explained in terms of the __________.

bystander effect

When 68-year-old Mrs. Blake had a flat tire on a fairly isolated highway, she received help from a passerby in less than 10 minutes. One year later, when she had a flat tire on a busy freeway, an hour elapsed before someone finally stopped to offer assistance. Mrs. Blake's experience best illustrates the _________.

mere exposure effect.

When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name. This preference BEST illustrates the importance of the _________.

Prejudice

_________ is best defined as an unjustifiable, usually negative, attitude toward a group and its members.