Ch 12 Services
Why does urbanization change the proportion of people employed in the various sectors of the economy? Which sector is concentrated in world cities? Why?
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According to the rank-size rule, if Romania's largest city (Bucharest) has nearly 2 million inhabitants, the second largest city (Iasi) should have ________ inhabitants. Because in reality Iasi has less than this number, then Bucharest is an example of what kind of city? According to the rank-size rule, the 100th largest city should have ________ inhabitants.
1 million, primate city, 20,000
According to the rank-size rule, if Romania's largest city (Bucharest) has 2,400,000 inhabitants, the second largest city (Brasov) should have ________ inhabitants. Because in reality Brasov has less than this number, then Bucharest is an example of what kind of city? According to the rank-size rule, the 100th largest city should have ________ inhabitants.
1 million; primate city; 20,000
If a country follows the ran-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city?
200,000
If a country follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city?
200,000
Briefly define the economic base and state its significance to a settlement.
A economic base is a a community's unique collection of basic industries. It is important because exporting of basic industries bring in money for nonbasic services.New basic industries also attracts workers and their families which further adds to the amount of nonbasic services for a community.
Name three countries that provide offshore financial services not located on islands.
Andora, Libya, Monaco
Discuss the possible reasons for the origin of settlements.
Burial of the dead, places to house families, and also the need for tools, clothing, and other important factors led to the origin of settlements. Also protection of a groups land.
Why is the absence of a rank-size distribution significant in a country like Romania?
Consumers do not all have access to goods and services.
Choose ONE. Population density (DOES; DOES NOT) directly influence the economic base of a settlement?
DOES
The British policy of combining many small farms into one large farm is known as ________.
Enclosure movement.
T or F Paris and London are primate cities even though they are located in more developed countries.
False, Copenhagen
T or F Rapid urbanization continues today in the more developed countries.
False, already urbanized
T or F Cities grew rapidly in Europe immediately after the collapse of the Roman Empire
False, later in the 1700s
T or F Most inhabitants of developing countries live in urban areas.
False, live in rural areas
T or F People who live in rural settlements are more likely to engage in secondary sector economic activities.
False, primary activities
Outline the steps a retailer should take in selecting the optimal location for a store.
First indentify a possible site, and within a certain range indetify the location of potential users. Measure the distance from each potential user and divide each potential user by the distance to the site, and add them all together. Select a second possible site and repeat steps. Compare the results and the site with the highest score=the highest potential users=optimal location.
Discuss the impact of globalization on modern world cities.
Globalization of modern world cities was expected to reduce the need for clustering of services in large cities. Instead, it dispersed economic activities such as manufacturing, but transportation and communication reinforce the importance of world cities in the global economy. For example, world cities offer financial services to businesses and it attracts the headquarters of major banks and other important financial institutions. World cities also have retail services with extensive market areas, and tend to be centers of national or international political power.
What is the advantage of displaying the rank-size distribution of cities on logarithmic paper?
It's a straight line.
List one distinctive characteristic of CBDs that results from very high land values.
Land is used more intensively in the city than elsewhere.
An increase in the percentage of people in a society living in urban areas is due to what factor? Distinct from such percentage increases, an increase in the number of people in a society living in urban areas is due to what factor?
Migration from rural areas; overall population growth
Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America?
New England
Developing countries are experiencing rapid urbanization, which involves two types of population increases. One is an increase in the ________ of people in a society living in urban areas. The other type of increase is an increase in the ________ of people in a society living in urban areas.
Number, percent
Shops with high thresholds are likely to locate in the CBD. Describe the other two types of retail activities likely to locate in the CBD.
Shops with high range and shops appealing to office workers
Shops with high thresholds are likely to locate in the CBD. Describe the other two types of retail activities likely to locate in the CBD.
Shops with high range and shops appealing to office workers.
The plantation was a common form of rural settlement in which region of colonial America?
Southeast
Outline the major principles of central place theory.
The central place theory holds that service providers will locate (or seek to locate) in a central market place to attract the maximum number of customers from the surrounding market area. The size of the market area is the is based on range, maximum distance a consumer will travel to receive the service, and threshold, the minimum number of consumers needed to remain in business survive.
In view of the rank-size distribution in Romania, why had the past President of Romania, Nicolae Ceaucescu, ordered the demolition of thousands of rural villages, each containing a few hundred inhabitants, and the construction of cities of 5,000 to 10,000 inhabitants?
To enable rural residents to have access to goods and services.
T or F According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country contains 1,000,000 inhabitants, the fifth largest city should contain 200,000 inhabitants.
True
T or F Although it is the world's most populous urban area, Tokyo also contains much farmland.
True
T or F Linear settlement patterns were brought to North America by the French.
True
T or F None of the world's ten most populous urban areas is located in Europe
True
T or F Producer services are more likely to cluster in specialized producer-service centers than in world cities or regional command and control centers.
True
T or F The colonial New England rural settlement pattern was clustered
True
The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is
a hexagon.
The city-state is an example of a state dominated by __________________________________.
a state dominated by its major city
The city-state is an example of
a state dominated by its major city.
Residents of rural settlements are more likely than residents of urban settlements to work in
agriculture
Residents of rural settlements are more likely than residents of urban settlements to work in _______________________________.
agriculture
A primate city is ______________________________________________________________.
at least twice as large as the next smaller city
A primate city is
at least twice as large as the next smaller city.
A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a _________________________________________.
basic industry
A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a
basic industry.
Why is a steel mill considered a "basic economic activity"?
because they export primarily to consumers outside the settlement
The most important religious reason for the origin of settlements was a place to _______________________________________.
bury the dead
The most likely religious reason for the origin of settlements was a place to
bury the dead.
The area of the city where the retail and office activities are clustered is the __________________.
central business district
The area of the city where retail and office activities historically were clustered was the
central business district.
A place where farm buildings, homes, and churches are found close together is what kind of settlement?
cluster rural
A place where farm buildings, homes, and churches are found close together is what kind of settlement?
clustered rural
Most people in the world live in what type of settlement?
clustered rural
Because so few people live in the CBD, urban areas are characterized by a high degree of ___________________________________________.
commuting
Because so few people live in the CBD, urban areas are characterized by a high degree of
commuting.
Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of _______________________________________________.
competition for limited space
Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of
competition for limited space.
As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characteristized by construction of ________________________________.
construction of skyscrapers
As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by
construction of skyscrapers.
Producer services provide what kind of services ?
consumer
Why is the absence of a rank-size distribution significant in a country like Romania?
consumers do not all have access to goods and services
According to the gravity model, the potential use of a service at a location is related
directly to population and inversely to distance.
Which rural settlement pattern is thought to be more efficient for more developed countries?
dispersed
Public transportation is better suited for commuting to the CBD primarily because ___________________________________________________________.
each traveler takes up less space
Public transportation is better suited for commuting to the CBD primarily because
each traveler takes up less space.
Rural settlements differ from urban settlements primarily according to which type of activity?
economic
A community's collection of basic industries is known as its ________.
economic base
Which of the following listed is NOT a cultural reason for establishing a settlement? Circle the correct one. (religion, politics, economics, home for women and children)
economics
The most significant impact on the rural landscape of Great Britain's enclosure movement was to ______________________________________________________________.
encourage a dispersed rural settlement pattern
The most significant impact on the rural landscape of Great Britain's enclosure movement was to
encourage a dispersed rural settlement pattern.
Business services are more likely to cluster in specialized business-service centers than in world cities or regional command and control centers.
false
Cities grew rapidly in Europe immediately after the collapse of the Roman Empire.
false
Most inhabitants of developing countries live in urban areas.
false
People who live in rural settlements are more likely to engage in secondary sector economic activities.
false
Rapid urbanization continues today in the more developed countries.
false
The threshold of a service is the maximum distance that most of the customers are willing to travel.
false
Which of the following is a cultural reason for establishing a settlement?
family protection manufacturing politics religion (all of the above)
A market area is a good example of what kind of region?
functional
A market are is a good example of what kind of region?
functional/ nodal
Recent decades have seen greatest employment increases in which consumer service sector?
health
The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is a ________________________________.
hexagon
The CBD attracts offices primarily because of its __________________________.
high accessibility
The CBD attracts offices primarily because of its
high accessibility.
The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the
hinterland.
What is the advantage of displaying the rank-size distribution of cities on logarithmic paper?
it is a straight line
List one distinctive characteristic of CBDs that results from very high land values.
land is used more intensively in the city than elsewhere
Larger settlements are _____________numerous and _________________ apart than smaller ones.
less and farther
Larger settlements are
less numerous and farther apart.
What factors determine where back office services will locate in LDCs?
low wage rates and workers who can speak English
One of the most important basic activities in the southern Great Lakes is __________________________________________________________.
manufacturing of durable goods
One of the most important basic activities in the southern Great Lakes region is
manufacturing of durable goods.
A central place is a _________________ center.
market
The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the ______________________________________.
market area or hinterland
A central place is a
market center.
In a linear community, the best location for a service is the ____________________________.
median
In a linear community, the best location for a service is the
median.
An increase in the percentage of people in a society living in urban areas is due to what factor? Distinct from such percentage increases, an increase in the number of people in a society living in urban areas is due to what factor?
migration from rural areas, overall population growth
The French long-lot system was developed primarily because of ________________________________________________________________.
need for access to a river
The French long-lot system was developed primarily because of
need for access to a river.
Developing countries are experiencing rapid urbanization, which involves two types of population increases. One is an increase in the ________ of people in a society living in urban areas. The other type of increase is an increase in the ________ of people in a society living in urban areas.
number; percentage
A land use typically excluded from a North American CBD is
office.
A land use typically excluded from a North American CBD is __________________________.
office/industrial
LDCs specialize in what two types of business services?
offshore financial and back office
The typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the ___________________________________________________________________________.
placement of buildings around a central market square
The typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the
placement of buildings around a central market square.
If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution?
primate city
Which of the following is not primarily a Consumer Service?
professional services
The most significant anticipated benefit of the enclosure movement was to ____________________________________________________________.
promote agricultural efficiency
The most significant anticipated benefit of the enclosure movement was to
promote agricultural efficiency.
The most important political reason for the origin of settlements was a place to _______________________________________.
protect the group's assets
The most important political reason for the origin of settlements was a place to
protect the group's assets.
Banking is an example of what kind of service?
public
The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is
range
The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is called ______________________________________.
range
The hierarchical organization of settlements by size is known as the _____________________________________________________.
rank-size rule
The hierarchical organization of settlements by size is known as the
rank-size rule.
The fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century A. D. brought about what change in urban settlements?
reduction in urban population
The fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century A.D. Brought about what change in urban settlements?
reduction in urban population
What activity tends to locate on the street-level floor of a sky-scraper in a typical North American CBD?
retail
What activity tends to locate on the street-level floor of a skyscraper in a typical North American CBD?
retail
European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both contain ____________________________________________________________.
retail and office activities
European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both contain
retail and office activities.
Retail activities which tend to concentrate in the CBD include those which have
service for office workers.
Business services provide what kind of services?
services to businesses
The plantation was a common form of rural settlement in which region of colonial America?
southeast
There are four levels of cities in the hierarchy of world cities based on their roles in global services. Which of the following pairs contains a type that is not included in this model? (specialized producer-service centers/dependent centers, secondary world cities/dependent centers, world cities/regional command and control centers, or specialized producer-service centers/industrial producers)
specialized producer-service centers/industrial producers
Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it _________________________________________________________________.
stimulates new nonbasic industries
Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it
stimulates new nonbasic industries.
What technical development has allowed back office services to relocate to LDCs?
telecommunications
Producer services cluster in disproportionately large numbers in ________________________.
the center
The British policy of combining many small farms into one large farm is known as ________.
the enclosure movement
According to the gravity model, the potential use of a service at a location is related directly to ___________________________________________________________________________.
the number of people in the area and inversely, to the distance people must travel to access it
The minimum number of people needed to support a service is the ________________________.
threshold
The minimum number of people needed to support a service is
threshold.
In view of the rank-size distribution in Romania, why had the past President of Romania, Nicolae Ceaucescu, ordered the demolition of thousands of rural villages, each containing a few hundred inhabitants, and the construction of cities of 5,000 to 10,000 inhabitants?
to enable rural residents to have access to goods and services
According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country contains 1,000,000 inhabitants, the fifth largest city should contain 200,000 inhabitants.
true
Copenhagen and London are primate cities even though they are located in more developed countries.
true
Linear settlement patterns were brought to North America by the French.
true
The colonial New England rural settlement pattern was clustered.
true
The frequency of periodic markets varies by culture.
true
Which of the following is a basic economic activity?
video rental store
Economic reasons for settlements include which of the following?
warehousing trading manufacturing defense (all of the above)
Economic reasons for settlements include _____________________, ___________________________________, and ____________________________________.
warehousing, trading, and manufacturing
