Ch 12 Smartbook
A leader that leads interdepartmental cooperation is a(n) ______ leader.
intergroup
An Ohio State study at an International Harvester plant investigated which two leadership styles in terms of their effect on worker satisfaction and turnover?
maintenance task performance
Effective leaders must ______.
make people responsible for their own performance
Which are methods successful leaders have used to develop their leadership skills? (Check all that apply.
learning from their mistakes reading autobiographies of good leaders observing methods and skills of their managers
Which are recommended ways to develop leadership skills? (Check all that apply.)
making mistakes practicing learning
The type of leadership that is about creating better interpersonal processes for finding solutions and does not involve a hierarchical relationship is ______ leadership.
lateral
Which type of leadership would involve inviting colleagues at the same organizational level to work together to solve problems?
lateral
Sanjay combined a good strategy and effective interpersonal processes that resulted in a strong competitive performance for his company. This success is possible because Sanjay is an outstanding ______.
leader
Which are methods successful leaders have used to develop their leadership skills? (Check all that apply.)
learning from their mistakes observing methods and skills of their managers reading autobiographies of good leaders
Match the source of leadership power with the appropriate definition.
legitimate has the authority to tell others what to do expert has certain knowledge coercive has control over punishments reward has the authority to dole out raises or bonuses referent has personal characteristics that appeal to others
External locus of control means that whatever happens is a result of ______.
luck or fate
Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory states that before deciding whether task performance or maintenance behaviors are more important, managers should consider an employee's ______. (Check all that apply.)
psychological maturity job maturity
Which are essential skills or strategies that contribute to the effectiveness of transformational leaders?
recognizing their personal strengths conveying a vision being consistent and dependable
The employees who work for Jon have a lot of respect and admiration for him. As a result, they are very loyal to him. This is an example of ______ power.
referent
What are the basic leadership styles described by Fred E. Fiedler? (Check all that apply.)
relationship-oriented task-oriented
Outstanding leaders that combine good strategic substance and effective interpersonal processes lead to what two outcomes for a company?
results a competitive advantage
Greta, the manager of a local bank, needs to be able to better motivate her employees. She has asked her supervisor for the authority to give and withhold incentives. Greta is asking for an increase in her ______ power.
reward
Laverne joined Biz Mart's philanthropic branch of the company, which offers education and business training to low-income districts. As a ______ leader, Laverne started a new program of collecting gently worn men's and women's business attire to bring to the communities her company was serving.
servant
Effective managers engage in relationship-oriented behaviors including ______. (Check all that apply)
showing appreciation being friendly and considerate keeping people informed Demonstrating trust and confidence
When leaders vary their behavior to meet the needs of the specific matter at hand, they are practicing the ______ approach to leadership.
situational
______ leaders view management as a series of steps in which they use their powers in a dispassionate manner to get work done.
transactional
A ______ is necessary for effective leadership.
vision
Which statement about laissez-faire leadership style is true?
It results in more negative attitudes and lower performance.
Of the four leadership behaviors in path-goal theory, ______ leadership is a form of task performance-oriented behavior.
directive
What are the three most important general categories studied in the behavioral approach to leadership?
group maintenance task performance employee participation
A leader is someone who ______ others in attaining goals.
influences
The belief that leaders influence their followers' perceptions of their work goals and their path in attaining them is known as ______ theory.
path-goal
The most comprehensive and generally useful situational model of leadership effectiveness is the ______.
path-goal theory
People with an internal locus of control ______ for their own actions.
take responsibility
Leadership that emphasizes completion of assignments or jobs is called ______ leadership in Fiedler's contingency model
task-motivated
Leadership that emphasizes completion of assignments or jobs is called ______ leadership in Fiedler's contingency model.
task-motivated
Which are characteristics of effective leaders? (Check all that apply.)
the intelligence to make sense of a large amount of information acquired expertise in what is important to the organization knowledge about technical matters
The oldest leadership perspective is the ______ approach; this approach focuses on individual leaders and attempts to determine the personal characteristics that great leaders share.
trait
A BLANK leader is someone who uses his or her legitimate power to give commands and exchange rewards for services rendered.
transactional
A leader who is able to generate excitement and revitalize an organization is a ______ leader.
transformational
Benito is a charismatic leader. His employees all find him inspirational and admire him. They feel Benito considers and treats them as individuals who each play a valuable role in the success of the company. Benito is a(n) ______ leader.
transformational
True or false: Fiedler's contingency model suggests certain kinds of managers are likely to be effective in particular situations.
true
Employees want their leaders to ______.
trust their judgement
A ______ is a mental image of a possible and desirable future state of the organization.
vision
Which are behaviors of effective followers? (Check all that apply.)
volunteering to handle tasks offering suggestions
The leadership model that emphasizes how leaders go about making decisions based on attributes of the problem at hand is called the ______ model.
vroom
The behavioral approach to leadership attempts to identify ______.
what behaviors effective leaders exhibit
The focus of behavioral leadership is on _________.
what good leaders do
Which experiences should you seek in developing your personal leadership style? (Check all that apply.)
working with people of diverse backgrounds dealing with others' performance problems taking on challenging assignments
Organizations need leaders at ______ levels of the organization.
all
Path-goal theory proposes that leaders should ______. (Check all that apply)
analyze and adapt their styles accordingly increase opportunities for personal satisfaction
The best visions are ideal and unique such that the vision ______. (Choose all that apply.)
communicates a standard of excellence communicates a clear choice of positive values communicates pride in being different from other organizations
The four skills or strategies that contribute to transformational leadership include which of the following?
communicating the vision building trust having a positive self-regard having a vision
People ask a lot from leaders of their organization, including ______. (Check all that apply.)
competence and proper management support for personal development respectful and fair treatment
Level 5 leaders have two characteristics that distinguish them from other leaders. Those characteristics are ______.
determination humility
The ______ approach assumes that a leadership personality exists and that leaders are born, not made.
False
It may be counterproductive to use directive leadership when which of the following conditions exist?
The subordinate is an independent thinker. The subordinate is highly skilled at completing assigned tasks. The subordinate works best when left alone.
What three traits make up what is known as the "Nightmare Traits"?
carelessness disagreeableness dishonesty
A situation that requires you to come out of your comfort zone and use new skills is defined as a(n) ______.
challenge
Recently, Amber was given the ability to punish employees when they are repeatedly late for work. This is an example of an increase in Amber's ______ power.
coercive
When a leader has the right or authority to tell others what to do, the leader has ______ power.
legitimate
Job ______ is defined as the level of the employee's skills and technical knowledge relative to the task being performed.
maturity
In situational theory, Hersey and Blanchard identify the ______ as the key situational factor.
maturity of the followers
Identify key behaviors that people want and need from their leaders, according to Kouzes and Posner.
model the way inspire a shared vision encourage the heart
Maintenance behaviors are most important for followers with _______ levels of maturity.
moderate
Shared leadership is characterized by the rotation of people through the leadership role based on which person has the ______.
most relevant skills
Which are part of the leader trait known as leadership motivation? (Check all that apply.)
need for power desire to lead
Autocratic leadership and democratic leadership represent two positions along the dimension of leadership behavior called ______.
participation in decision making
Larisa provides guidance to her employees. She also supports them when necessary and provides corrective feedback in their day-to-day activities. Larisa is practicing ______ leadership.
supervisory
Leader behaviors performed by managers that involve their employees in decision making are called ______.
participative decision making
The ______ model of leadership focuses on the participative dimension of leadership and how leaders go about making decisions.
Vroom
Which type of leader is most likely to motivate people to transcend their personal interests for the sake of the organization?
a transformational leader
Some corporate visions are ______; a company may stumble into an opportunity.
accidental
Which type of leader has a relationship with employees that is akin to serving customers?
servant-leader
charismatic leadership engaging in developmental consideration intellectually stimulating subordinates
pseudotransformational
Leaders have ______ power as a result of subordinate and coworker respect, admiration, and loyalty.
referent
A manager's ability to control such desirable things as pay raises or bonuses is using ______ power.
reward
Which leader trait can become a setback if taken too far, resulting in arrogance and cockiness?
self confidence
According to a research program at the University of Michigan, the most effective managers engaged in the task-oriented behaviors of planning, scheduling, coordinating, providing resources, and _______.
setting performance goals
Ralph, an expert management strategist, led the consulting team to success with its first client. Margo, who has a strong background in human resource management, took over as leader when the team worked with its second client. This consulting team is practicing ______.
shared leadership
A democratic decision may not be appropriate when ______ or decisiveness is of the essence.
speed
PJ is the founder of an non-profit organization that provides support services to members of the armed services suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Volunteers often characterize PJ as honest, credible, and as a man who says what he means and means what he says. PJ is the classic leader with ______.
integrity
When a manager's actions correspond with what the manager says, that manager is exhibiting which leader trait?
integrity
A leader's influence is greater when ______.
large #
According to the Tannenbaum and Schmidt model of situational leadership, what are the three factors managers should consider before deciding how to lead members of their organization?
managers subordinates situation
What three traits make up what is known as the "Dark Triad"?
narcissism psychopathy Machiavelliamism
To develop a clear vision, leaders should ______. (Check all that apply.)
not be overly invested in the status quo be sensitive to emerging opportunities
It is important for leaders to possess self-confidence in order to ______. (Check all that apply)
overcome obstacles instill confidence in others make decisions despite uncertainty
The absence of managerial decision making is known as ______ leadership.
laissez-faire
Which distinguishes a democratic leader from an autocratic leader? (Check all that apply.)
A democratic leader takes a vote and then implements a decision consistent with what the majority want. A democratic leader solicits information from followers before making a decision.
Which is the best example of legitimate power?
A supervisor tells a subordinate to wear safety goggles.
Which of the following are true about managers and leaders? (Check all that apply.)
Both are important to an organization. Leaders are responsible for different processes than managers. The same person can be both a manager and a leader.
Match the force in Tannenbaum and Schmidt's model of situational leadership with the appropriate descriptions
Forces in the manager - Feelings of security, personal values, confidence in employees Forces in the situation- Type of leadership style the organization values, type of information needed to solve the problem Forces in the subordinate- Understanding and acceptance of organization's goals, readiness to assume responsibility, interest in the task or problem
When a situation is unfavorable for leading, how does this impact the manager's job?
It becomes difficult to maintain situational control.
Which of the following statements about a leader's vision are true?
It works best when it conveys an ideal. It is necessary for effective leadership. It can be developed across the organization.
Which of the following statements about organizational success are accurate? (Check all that apply.)
Organizational success rests on the quality of leadership. Organizational success rests on the ability of followers to follow.
In which leadership theory do leadership behaviors (including open communication, mutual respect, and mutual loyalty) all work to improve relationships?
Leader-member exchange
______ highlights the importance of leader behaviors not just toward the group as a whole but toward individuals on a personal basis.
Leader-member exchange theory
According to Fiedler, what determines the favorability of a situation? (Check all that apply.)
Leader-member relations Position power Task structure
Which statement about charismatic leaders is true?
People trust and admire them.
Which of the following acts of courage are required for a leader to fulfill his or her vision?
Persisting despite resistance Saying what needs to be said to those who need to hear it Seeing things as they are and facing them head-on
The capacity to influence other people despite resistance is referred to as ______.
Power
______ is defined as an employee's self-confidence and self-respect.
Psychological maturity
Select the characteristics of authentic leaders. (Select all that apply)
Self-awareness Objectivity Honesty Morality
_____ theory proposes that the more mature the followers are, the less the leader needs to engage in task performance behaviors.
Situational
Which of the following statements about leaders is true?
They cannot act alone.
What do outstanding leaders have that provides direction and the inspiration to move the organization toward it?
a vision
In ______ leadership, input is solicited by leaders from others.
democratic
Considering Kouzes and Posner's research findings, which of the following is NOT a key behavior of effective leaders?
expect and deserve obedience from followers in exchange for pay
If Natalie has a substantial amount of expertise and training for the job, she likely has a substantial amount of ______ power.
expert
______ power flows from an individual's superior knowledge and skill that others require or can learn from.
expert
True or false: A leader must behave in ways that emphasize both the performance and maintenance dimensions of leadership.
false
True or false: An organization's success is based on a manager's ability to lead, not on whether or not the manager's employees follow.
false
The two key situational factors in path-goal theory are personal characteristics of ______ and the environmental pressures and demands they must cope with.
followers
Actions taken to ensure the satisfaction of group members are ______ behaviors.
group maintenance
Shelee is the owner of Racing Formula Inc., a local race track. Her employees are often impressed with how much she knows about individual drivers, automobile racing teams, racetrack operators, referees, and officiating crews. Shelee is the classic leader with ______.
knowledge of the business
The five bases of ______ are legitimate, reward, referent, expert, and coercive.
power
When a leader is able to get things done or accomplish goals even when others resist, the leader has ______.
power
A ______ leader is one who ignores the needs of his followers and puts his own self-interests first.
pseudotransformational
"Look before you lead" corresponds to the ______ approach to leadership.
situational
The appropriateness of democratic leadership depends on the characteristics of the leaders, the followers, and ______.
the situation
When managers use coercive power, they would respond to employees who are slow to complete a task by ______.
threatening to dock their pay or reduce their working hours if they don't shape up
Which of the following is the leader's job?
to create a vision
According to the Ohio State studies, effective leaders should exhibit ______.
high levels of maintenance behaviors and high levels of performance behaviors
Jon is able to get his employees to support his vision for the department because he is a self-confident leader who is enthusiastic and excited about his vision. Jon is a(n) ______ leader whose style may be particularly effective when organizations are undergoing transformations.
charismatic
Leaders who are dominant, self-confident, and able to communicate their vision to subordinates are ______ leaders.
charismatic
Transformational leadership theory emphasizes influencing followers through ______. (Choose all that apply.)
charismatic leadership engaging in developmental consideration intellectually stimulating subordinates
Juan is the head of a large real estate development company. His vision is to buy up the most desirable real estate in New England, no matter the cost, so that he can boast that he is a real estate mogul worth billions. This is an example of which type of vision?
inappropriate
Visions that serve the leader's personal needs and ignore stakeholders' needs are ______ visions.
inappropriate
Strategic leadership accomplishes which of the following? (Check all that apply.)
gives meaning and purpose to an organization foresees a workable future for an organization brings about anticipated changes with the help of others
Both formal and informal support are important to leaders because each helps them to ______. (Choose all that apply.)
handle struggles stay the course
Participative leadership behaviors are most appropriate when people ______.
have an internal locus of control
Directive leadership is most appropriate when followers ______. (Check all that apply.)
have low abilities are highly authoritarian
Which of the following are part of the personality characteristic of a leader with drive? (Check all that apply)
high levels of energy high need for achievement ambition persistence in the face of adversity
Which type of leadership behavior gives purpose and meaning to organizations?
strategic
Group maintenance behaviors focus on ______. (Check all that apply)
stress reduction people's feelings and comfort
Participative leadership behavior is especially helpful when a decision requires ______ support.
subordinate
Marsha has two employees working under her in the accounting department. Both employees have worked for the company for at least 10 years, have college degrees in accounting, and are confident in themselves. In this department, ______ would be suitable.
substitutes for leadership
Managers can spend less time in direct attempts to influence people when ______.
substitutes for leadership are in place
_____ leadership provides guidance and support for day-to-day activities.
supervisory
The most effective developmental experiences have which components? (Check all that apply.)
support assessment challenge
Actions taken to ensure that the work group or organization reaches its goals are called ______ behaviors.
task performance
Task performance behaviors focuses on ______. (Check all that apply.)
work speed and quality quantity of output rule following
A preference to be in leadership rather than follower positions is indicative of which leader trait?
Leadership motivation
Autocratic leaders make decisions that are announced to the group, whereas democratic leaders _______.
solicit the group's input
Which statement regarding the expectations of leaders is NOT true?
Leaders are not expected to spend time achieving personal goals.
A combination of strong professional will and humility that builds enduring greatness describes ______ leadership.
Level 5
According to path-goal theory, which of the following statements regarding the importance of follower characteristics are true? (Check all that apply)
Locus of control is the extent to which people believe they can affect their environment. Authoritarianism is the degree to which individuals defer to authority. Ability is people's beliefs about their abilities to perform their jobs.
What are the three key follower characteristics in the path-goal theory?
ability authoritarianism locus of control
Managers and leaders are not the same thing. What makes managers different from leaders is that managers have the responsibility to ______ while leaders do not.
address day-to-day complexities
Effective followers ______. (Check all that apply.)
are actively committed to organizational goals are capable of independent thinking
When leaders strive for credibility in the form of honesty, genuineness, reliability, integrity, and trustworthiness, they are said to be ______ leaders.
authentic
A leader who exhibits a(n) ______ style will make decisions alone, without participation by the group.
autocratic
_____ leadership involves making decisions on one's own and announcing them to the group.
autocratic
To begin developing your personal leadership style you should ______. (Check all that apply.)
become competent in your chosen field learn from your mistakes establish credibility
Group maintenance is one of the aspects of the ______ approach to leadership.
behavioral
A leader who has a vision, a strong conviction in the moral righteousness of his or her beliefs, and the ability to communicate it to others exemplifies the essence of ______.
charisma
_____ leadership seeks information, opinions, and preferences to make a decision.
democratic
According to the path-goal theory, the four pertinent leadership behaviors are ______ leadership. (Check all that apply.)
directive participative achievement-oriented supportive
Marco is the owner of Digital Now. His employees say he is an ambitious owner who constantly strives for performance improvement even when conditions in the competitive environment seem almost insurmountable. Based on this description, one can infer that Marco exhibits which leadership attribute?
dive
In path-goal theory, the most appropriate leadership behaviors are determined by which of the following factors? (Check all that apply.)
environmental pressures and demands that followers face personal characteristics of followers
Courage is needed to help leaders ______.
execute a vision against opposition manage adversaries identify and manage allies
In path-goal theory, the functions of a leader that are of particular importance are to ______.
increase opportunities for personal satisfaction reduce barriers to goal attainment provide coaching and direction
The performance and maintenance behaviors of leadership are ______ each other.
independent of
According to Fiedler's contingency model, effective leadership is a function of personal style of the leader and the degree to which the situation gives the leader ______ over the situation. (Check all that apply.)
influence power control
For which of the following types of tasks is shared leadership especially important? (Check all that apply.)
interdependent tasks tasks that require creativity with various potential solutions complex tasks
Which type of leader directs collaborative performance between different groups or organizations?
intergroup leader