Ch 13

Ignoring crossover, how many kinds of gametes can be produced by an organism with a diploid number of 8? 8 2 4 16 32

16

The egg (ovum) of a rabbit contains 22 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the somatic (body) cells of a rabbit? 46 22 44 11 88

44

__________ are a group of genetically identical individuals produced by a process called __________. Gametes; meiosis Clones; asexual reproduction Clones; sexual reproduction Homologs; meiosis Gametes; asexual reproduction

Clones; asexual reproduction

What is the result when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis? Two diploid cells Four haploid cells Two haploid cells and two diploid cells Two haploid cells Four diploid cells

Four haploid cells

Which of the following occurs in meiosis, but not mitosis? The cells formed have the same combination of genes as found in the initial cell. A spindle apparatus forms. Sister chromatids undergo disjunction. The nuclear envelope disappears. Homologous chromosomes separate.

Homologous chromosomes separate.

Which life cycle stage is found in plants but not animals? Zygote Unicellular diploid Multicellular diploid Gamete Multicellular haploid

Multicellular haploid

Which of the following is a function of mitosis in humans? Production of eggs Increasing genetic variability Multiplication of body cells Decreasing the number of chromosomes Production of sperm

Multiplication of body cells

Unless the chromosomes were stained to show band patterns, a karyotype would be least likely to show which of the following? A large part of a chromosome duplicated. A missing chromosome. The attachment of a large part of a chromosome to another chromosome. An extra chromosome. Part of a chromosome turned around.

Part of a chromosome turned around.

How many genes are present in the human genome? 46 Tens of thousands Hundreds 23 A virtually infinite number

Tens of thousands

What is a locus? A structure that appears during prophase I and consists of two paired genes. The precise location of a gene on a chromosome. A type of spore made only by fungi. A cell with two chromosome sets.

The precise location of a gene on a chromosome.

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct? They are found in haploid cells. They are found in animal cells but not in plant cells. They have genes for the same traits at the same loci. They pair up in prophase II. They are found in the cells of human females but not in human males.

They have genes for the same traits at the same loci.

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct? They are found in the cells of human females but not in human males. They are found in animal cells but not in plant cells. They pair up in prophase II. They have genes for the same traits at the same loci. They are found in haploid cells.

They have genes for the same traits at the same loci.

The life cycle called __________ in plants has two multicellular stages: the __________ and the __________. alternation of generations; haploid gametophyte; diploid sporophyte alternation of generations; diploid gametophyte; haploid sporophyte reduction division; haploid gametophyte; diploid sporophyte reduction division; diploid gametophyte; haploid sporophyte germ cell production; haploid gametophyte; diploid sporophyte

alternation of generations; haploid gametophyte; diploid sporophyte

Somatic cells in animals differ from gametes in that somatic cells __________. are always haploid replicate by a process called meiosis are important in sexual reproduction do not contain sex chromosomes are all of the cells of the body except for the gametes and their precursors

are all of the cells of the body except for the gametes and their precursors

Sister chromatids differ from nonsister chromatids in that sister chromatids __________. are products of the S phase of the cell cycle and are two copies of one chromosome are never found in the paternal set are part of nonhomologous chromosomal sets are part of only the maternal set always come from nonsister chromatids

are products of the S phase of the cell cycle and are two copies of one chromosome

A clone is the product of __________. asexual reproduction and mitosis meiosis sexual reproduction and meiosis asexual reproduction only sexual reproduction mitosis only

asexual reproduction and mitosis

Somatic cells in humans differs from gametes in that human somatic cells __________. do not contain sex chromosomes are important in sexual reproduction replicate by a process called meiosis contain two sets of each of the 23 chromosome types are always haploid

contain two sets of each of the 23 chromosome types

Regardless of whether an organism is an animal, a plant, a fungus, or an algal cell, all zygotes are __________ and are formed during the __________ of two __________ gametes. clones; mitotic division; diploid haploid; fertilization; diploid None of the listed responses is correct because only animals have zygotes. diploid; fertilization; haploid clones; meiotic division; diploid

diploid; fertilization; haploid

A life cycle in which the only multicellular form is haploid is most typical of __________. fungi fish protists primates plants

fungi

Allelic variation is an important source of __________ in a population. genetic diversity asexual reproduction mitosis clonal diversity None of the listed responses is correct.

genetic diversity

A pair of genetic structures carrying genes that control the same inherited characters are called __________. autosomes homologous chromosomes clones nonsister chromatids sister chromatids zygotes

homologous chromosomes

The major contribution of sex to evolution is that __________. it provides a method to increase genetic variation and it is the only mechanism for species to reproduce it provides a way in which somatic mutations can be inherited it provides a method to increase genetic variation it is the only mechanism for species to reproduce it is the only mechanism for species to reproduce and it provides a way in which somatic mutations can be inherited

it provides a method to increase genetic variation

The process called __________ reduces the chromosome number by __________. mitosis; dividing without chromosome duplication mitosis; two consecutive cell divisions meiosis; dividing without chromosome duplication meiosis; two consecutive cell divisions mitosis; destroying one set of information prior to division

meiosis; two consecutive cell divisions

In meiosis, __________ of __________ cross over and form __________. sister chromatids; homologous pairs; chiasmata sister chromatids; nonhomologous pairs; chiasmata nonsister chromatids; nonhomologous pairs; chiasmata nonhomologs; nonhomologous pairs; cohesion nonsister chromatids; homologous pairs; chiasmata

nonsister chromatids; homologous pairs; chiasmata

Genetic diversity requires __________. sexual reproduction, independent assortment, crossing over between nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, and random fertilization sexual reproduction, nonindependent assortment, crossing over between nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, and random fertilization asexual reproduction, independent assortment, crossing over between nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, and random fertilization asexual reproduction, independent assortment, crossing over between sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, and random fertilization sexual reproduction, independent assortment, crossing over between sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, and nonrandom fertilization

sexual reproduction, independent assortment, crossing over between nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, and random fertilization

Somatic cells in humans contain __________ set(s) of chromosomes and are therefore termed __________. one; diploid one; haploid three; triploid two; haploid two; diploid

two; diploid

At the end of mitosis, __________ daughter cells that are genetically __________ are formed, while at the end of meiosis, __________ daughter cells that are genetically __________ are formed. four; distinct; two; identical two; identical; four; distinct two; identical; two; distinct four; identical; two; distinct two; distinct; four; identical

two; identical; four; distinct