Ch. 13 Adolescence quizlet

The typical adolescent who smokes cigarettes begins in what grade?

around seventh or eighth grade

Individuals who become distressed easily are said to display:

negative emotionality

The theoretical explanation that links problem behavior syndrome with a lack of strong bonds to societal institutions is known as:

social control theory.

Studies suggest that as many as _____ of individuals will experience at least one bout of depression by the age of 18

15%

Approximately what proportion of arrests for serious crimes involves a suspect under 18?

33%, 1 in 3

Among 15- to 19-year-olds, homicide accounts for:

40 percent of all deaths among Black youths and 4 percent of White deaths.

According to the University of Michigan survey "Monitoring the Future," approximately what percentage of American high school seniors have tried marijuana?

46

According to surveys of young people, at least what percentage report having engaged in delinquent behavior at some point during adolescence?

60% to 80%

In regard to moderate alcohol and marijuana use, studies suggest that:

A) moderate alcohol and marijuana use have become normative among adolescents in contemporary society. B) alcohol and marijuana are typically used in social settings. C) better-adjusted and more interpersonally competent young people are likely to participate in social activities in which alcohol and other drugs are present.

Which of the following is true regarding drug use among eighth-graders?

A) one-third have tried alcohol B) nearly one in six has been drunk at least once C) nearly one in six has tried marijuana

Which of the following is not one of the possible symptoms for mild depressive disorder?

A) overeating B) lack of positive affect C) low energy

Adolescent violence is often a manifestation of a cascade of experiences such as:

A) poor school readiness. B) school failure. C) harsh parenting.

Although adolescents comprise only a small percentage of the population overall, compared to adults, how likely are adolescents to be the victim of a non-fatal violent crime?

Adolescents are 2.5 times more likely to be the victim of a non-fatal violent crime.

Who is most likely to use drugs?

American Indian adolescents

Which one of the following statements best captures the sex differences in depression?

Before adolescence, boys are somewhat more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms than girls, but after puberty, the sex difference in prevalence of depression reverses.

What is the most widely abused drug among adolescents?

alcohol

Which of the following is a gateway drug?

alcohol

Rank the following substances in the likelihood that a high school senior has ever tried it (with the first one being the substance that the most American high school seniors have tried).

alcohol, marijuana, steroids

Which of the following is an example of an internalizing disorder?

anxiety

Which type of disorders are likely to begin during childhood?

anxiety disorders

Which disorder is characterized by impulsivity, inattentiveness, and restlessness?

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Which of the following is not a risk factor for attempting suicide during adolescence?

being white

Substance abuse is defined as drug or alcohol use that

causes problems in an individuals life In regard to moderate alcohol and marijuana use, studies suggest that:

According to Jessor and colleagues, the underlying cause of externalizing problems during adolescence is "unconventionality," which includes all of the following, except:

conservative views

There tends to be a high level of comorbidity in internalizing disorders, which tends to share the subjective state of:

distress.

Which of the following is the term one team of researchers used to describe the developmental trajectory of alcohol, tobacco, or drug use characterized by very high substance use in early adolescence that escalates over time, so that by the end of high school, these adolescents are frequently using drugs, smoking, and drinking?

early starters

Disorders in which the young person's problems are turned outward (i.e., "acting out") are:

externalizing disorders.

Examples of risk-taking behaviors include all of the following, except:

having sex with contraception.

The tendency to interpret ambiguous interactions with others as deliberately offensive and to react aggressively is known as:

hostile attributional bias.

When does suicide ideation peak?

in middle adulthood

Which of the following intervention/prevention strategies is not very effective at reducing antisocial behavior?

interventions that group antisocial youth together

Youngsters whose antisocial behaviors begin before adolescence and continue into adulthood are typically referred to as exhibiting:

life-course persistent antisocial behavior.

What is the only drug used by a substantial number of high school seniors on a daily basis?

nicotine (cigarettes)

According to proponents of social control theory, individuals who would be most likely to exhibit problem behavior syndrome would:

not have strong bonds to society's institutions.

The age-crime curve indicates that violent criminal activity:

peaks around 18 years of age.

Which one of the following is not associated with delinquency?

sexual abstinence

Which of the following refers to the maladaptive use of drugs, including legal drugs such as alcohol or nicotine and illegal drugs such as pot, cocaine, and LSD?

substance abuse

Cigarette use has reportedly declined significantly compared to levels in 1997. What is most likely the greatest deterrent to smoking among American adolescents?

the increase in the price of cigarettes

Studies indicate that each of the following is a characteristic of youngsters whose problems with the law begin before adolescence, except:

they have often experienced authoritative parenting.

An example of a status offense is:

truancy