Ch 13 Psych Test

notice the event.

According to Darley and Latané's five steps to helping in an emergency, the actor must first

when the person has a vested interest in the issue

According to studies over the past half-century, which of the following is a condition under which a person's attitude will guide his or her actions?

changing their attitudes to fit the behavior.

According to the cognitive dissonance theory, when attitudes and behaviors conflict, individuals are most likely to reduce cognitive dissonance by

a stereotype.

Chuck is a highly ambitious graduate student who does not intend to let anything get in the way of excelling in each of his classes and graduating at the top of his class. When he learns that the professor for one of his course modules is an attractive young woman, he opts for a different module. He believes that attractive women cannot be good educators. Chuck's attitude toward attractive women best illustrates

social loafing

Dr. McCall found that class projects were of poorer quality when students worked in groups compared to when each student did an individual project. This difference can be explained by the phenomenon of

prejudice

Dymatrix Inc., a real estate firm that has been around for 50 years, is recruiting personnel for its management positions. The senior management at Dymatrix interviews people from different ethnic backgrounds: Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and others. Ultimately, the senior management hires only White candidates, even though some of the Black candidates have better qualifications. This apparent discrimination in the hiring process at Dymatrix is most likely facilitated by the attitude of

False

If a person's attitude is weak, that attitude is likely to predict the person's behavior.

urging participants to seek out contact with members of the outgroup

In a study by Patricia Devine and her colleagues on reducing implicit prejudice, which of the following was included in the training to introduce new habits of the mind?

ethnocentrism

In the context of social identity, thinking that cultural out groups are not only different but also worse than one's own group is called

social facilitation.

Jasmine believes that she is a poor basketball player, yet she plays with her friends whenever they ask her. Jasmine claims that when she is with her friends she feels like a different person and can play much better than when she practices on her own. Jasmine's change in ability when she is with her friends can best be attributed to the group influence phenomenon known as

Normative social influence

Joyce has the potential to be an honor student but frustrates her teachers because of her actions. Rather than working to succeed, she tends to "dummy down" to act more like the students that she hangs out with. She has at times answered questions incorrectly in class on purpose to be more like her friends. Which of the following perspectives would explain this?

cognitive dissonance.

Kylie knows that excessive drinking can adversely affect her health. Every time she engages in binge drinking, she tells herself that all her friends who binge drink seem healthy. In this scenario, Kylie is attempting to reduce

social facilitation.

Mickey is a pop star. His fans observe that his live stage performances are better than his studio recorded songs. Mickey explains that he performs better on a live stage because the presence of the audience increases his enthusiasm to perform. Mickey's improved performance in the presence of an audience best illustrates the concept of

give people anonymity

One explanation for the effects of deindividuation in groups is that groups

self-fulfilling prophecy

Paula is considered very attractive and receives differential treatment from others. This special treatment helps her develop enhanced social skills and become more self-confident than others. Which of the following is exemplified in this case?

empathy

Research has reported that ____ is the key social emotion involved with altruism.

the social identity theory

Rob and Deena are strong supporters of the football team the Dallas Cowboys. Their self-esteem is greatly affected by the performance of the Cowboys. Which of the following theories best explains this scenario in the context of intergroup relations?

False

Sympathy is a person's feelings of oneness with the emotional state of another.

social comparison

Teresa asks herself whether she is as popular as Cathy. This question is an example of gaining self-knowledge through the process of

elaboration likelihood model

The ___ identifies two pathways of persuasion-a central route and a peripheral route.

stereotyping

The fifth-grade teacher was surprised when her Japanese-American student, Hiroko, performed poorly in math. The teacher's reaction was due to

ethnocentrism

The implication that ethnic groups are not only different, but are worse than your group is called

person perception

The processes by which individuals use social stimulation to form impressions of others are referred to as

social loafing.

The tendency of each person in a group to exert less effort in the group because of reduced accountability is known as

False

The tendency to favor one's own group over other groups is called prejudice.

self-serving bias

When you do poorly on a test, you remind yourself of all the distractions you had at school that week. You may be displaying the

Milgram's experiment

Which of the following experiments demonstrated the profound effect of obedience?

It refers to a person's openly shared attitude.

Which of the following is true of implicit racism?

It refers to imitative behavior involving the spread of actions, emotions, and ideas.

Which of the following statements best defines social contagion?

It encourages people to think in terms of ingroup and outgroup.

Which of the following statements is true of ethnocentrism?

Social comparison provides distinctive characteristics of a person and helps in building an identity

Which of the following statements is true of social comparison?

A woman breaks up with her boyfriend when she finds out he hates kids

Why people behave the way they do is interesting to social psychologists. Which of the following behaviors occurred due to a stable cause?

intelligence; an easy test

Within the context of a person trying to explain why she did well on a psychology exam, an internal attribution is to an external attribution as____ is to _____

Attitudes

___ are people's opinions and beliefs about other people, objects, and ideas—how they feel about the world.

Prejudice

____ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a particular group.