Ch 13 study guide
How long will it take for chlorofluorocarbons relaxed from earths surface today to reach stratosphere
10-20 years
Scientists estimate that a single chlorine molecule in the CFC structure can destroy as many as _____ ozone molecules
100,000
As the amount of ozone in the stratosphere decreases, A. More ultraviolet light is able to reach earths surface B. Less solar energy is able to reach earths surface C. The amount of methane in the atmosphere increases D. Amount of phytoplankton in the ocean increases
A
The pattern of ___________ determines Earth's precipitation pattern A. Global atmospheric circulation B. Solar activity C. Volcanic eruptions D. All
A
Which of the following is not a damaging effect of ultraviolet light on the amphibian population A. Interference with photosynthesis B. Death of eggs C. Genetic mutations among survivors D. Reduction of populations
A
High UV levels at earths surface can A. Produce CFC's B. Damage dna C. Thing the ozone layer D. Change weather patterns
B
A predicted increase in Earth's average temperature caused by human activities and the subsequent release of gases such as carbon dioxide
Global warming
Gases such as carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, methane and nitrous oxide
Greenhouse gases
Because water ______, ocean currents have a great effect on climate
Holds large amounts of heat
International agreement that seeks to limit CO2 emissions from developed countries
Kyoto Protocol
Lowered water temp in the eastern pacific that affects global weather patterns
La nina
Position with respect to the equator, measured in degrees both or south
Latitude
In regions closer to the poles, the sun is lower or higher in the sky
Lower
site where continuous CO2 records have been maintained since 1958
Mauna Loa, Hawaii
Part of the stratosphere that absorbs most of the ultraviolet light from the sun
Ozone layer
Single called organisms that live near the oceans surface
Phytoplankton
strong circulating winds over Antarctica
Polar vortex
A possible consequence to humans from a thinning ozone layer
Skin cancer
A gas that can reach the upper atmosphere after a large scale volcanic eruption
Sulfur dioxide
increases when fossil fuels are burned
atmospheric CO2
Rain frequently results whenever a cold, moist air rises b warm, most air rises c warm, dry air sinks d cold, dry air sinks
b
An important property of air circulation is a warm air is denser than cold air b cold air and warm air have same density c cold air is denser than warm air d air has no mass
c
During the summer, sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere shines a obliquely for long days b slanting for short days c more directly for long days d less directly for short days
c
Latitude strongly influences climate because _____ solar energy falls on areas that are closer to the equator than to the poles. a less b same amount c more d sometimes less
c
average global temp has _____ during the 20th century a remained the same b increased every year c risen some years and fallen other years but has increased overall d risen some years and fallen other years but has decreased overall
c
ozone in the stratosphere a. causes skin cancer b prevents dna repair c absorbs uv light d destroys cfc's
c
A complex sets of equations relating concentrations of atmospheric gases, winds, and many other variables
climate models
la nina is the _____ phase
cold
A complex set of equations that account for many factors and require a great number of computations to solve
computer model
in an area away from forests and cities, geochemist charles david keeling measured the amount of a. ozone in the air b oxygen in the air c nitrous oxide in air d carbon dioxide in air
d
once in the atmosphere, cfc's a quickly become harmless b destroy ozone for only a short time c persist but stop destroying ozone d persist and continue to destory ozone for decades
d
Potential result of high UV radiation at earths surface
dna damage
Winds push warm water eastward in the Pacific Ocean
el nino
An increase in earths average temperature, resulting from increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
global warming
Heat trapped by atmosphere near earths surface
greenhouse effect
Water is cooler than usual in the eastern Pacific Ocean
la nina
Has a strong effect on climate due to the tilt of Earth's axis
latitude
trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies
prevailing winds
destroyed by cfc's
stratospheric ozone
caused by wind and influenced by earths rotation
surface ocean currents
tiny, shrimp like animals that many other marine animals depend on for food
zooplankton
Is greater for cold air, causing cold air to sink below warm air
Density
Elevated water temp in the eastern Pacific Ocean that causes increased rainfall in the southern part of the us
El nino
What are 2 possible consequences of a rise in global temp A. Rising sea level and increased polar ice mass B. Increased frequency of major storms and increased frequency of major droughts C. Buildup of beaches and disruption of ocean currents D. Growth of glaciers and increased snowfall
B
Polar stratospheric clouds are high altitude clouds made of A. Ozone and CFCs B. Ozone and molecular chlorine C. Water and nitric acid D. Water and sufluric acid
C
Which of the following best describes measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels since 1958 A. Levels of co2 were steady until the mid 70's, when they began to increase rapidly B. Measurements of co2 have shown a steady increase since accurate measurements began in 1958 C. Co2 levels have increased overall, although there are seasonal fluctuations D. Co2 levels have decreased overall, although there are seasonal fluctuations
C
Greenhouse gas released from burning fossil fuels
Carbon dioxide
A class of human made chemicals that may damage the ozone layer
Chlorofluorocarbons
Compounds that contain chlorine and cause ozone destruction in the upper atmosphere
Chlorofluorocarbons
Cool summers, Cold winters with lots of snow and 75 cm of precipitation each year
Climate
Long term prevailing weather conditions at a particular place
Climate
A certain volume of warm air A. Always holds less water vapor than the same volume of cold air B. Always holds the same amount of water vapor as the same volume of cold air C. Can not hold as much water vapor as the same volume of cold air D. Is able to hold more water vapor than the same volume of cold air
D
Which of the following best describes the effect of a mountain range on the climate of a region A. Coastal side of the range usually has high levels of rain B. Desert is often found on the inland side of range C. Average temp are lower at high elevations than they are at base of mountains D. All of above
D
During an El Niño event, winds in the western pacific strengthen and push ____ eastward
Warm water
"It's hot and sunny today. Temp is 88'f at 11am"
Weather
A belt of prevailing winds
Westerlies
During summer in Southern Hemisphere, the northern experiences what
Winter
el nino is the ____ phase
warm