Ch 14. 1-14.6

True or false: Women executives score lower than men on producing high-quality work.

False Reason: Most studies show women executives score higher than men executives on producing high-quality work, goal setting, and mentoring employees.

In addition to emotional intelligence and agreeableness, what is a common positive interpersonal attribute of leaders?

extraversion

True or false: House's revised path-goal theory has been tested enough to verify its overall conclusions.

false; There have not been enough direct tests of House's revised theory.

Your belief in your ability to influence people who are unlike you in a global context is called a ______.

global mind-set

Which of the following are among the nine most common influence tactics?

Consultation Inspirational appeals Rational persuasion

True or false: Leadership is a narrow term that only refers to formal positions such as CEO and CFO.

False

Which of the following are forms of task-oriented leadership behaviors?

Initiating-structure leadership Production-centered leadership

Which characteristics are associated with leaders rather than with managers?

Inspiring others Being a visionary Being charismatic

Which of the following are common task-oriented traits of leaders?

Intelligence Emotional stability Conscientiousness

Ethical leadership encourages which of the following?

Job satisfaction Worker motivation

Which leadership model examines the quality of relationships between managers and subordinates and suggests that leaders have different relationships with different subordinates?

Leader-member exchange model

What is defined as the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done while facilitating individual and group efforts to accomplish those goals?

Managerial leadership

Which leadership model holds that an effective leader makes desirable rewards available to workers and increases workers' motivation by clearly outlining the behavior that will help them achieve those goals and rewards?

Path-goal leadership

Which leadership model states that successful leaders help followers by tying meaningful rewards to goal accomplishment, reducing barriers to achieving those goals, and providing subordinates with support?

Path-goal leadership

Conrad and his wife, Olivia, are both managers at different companies. While Conrad prefers to allow his team to make decisions and come up with their own processes for completing tasks, Olivia prefers to tell her staff how to approach a project and who should be responsible for what. Each has a unique style, and both are effective. They both demonstrate the ______ leadership approach.

behavioral

Leader behavior that is focused primarily on group members' needs and desires and is directed at creating mutual respect or trust is referred to as ______ leader behavior.

consideration

Which core influence tactic tends to work better than a legitimating tactic?

consultation

Which leadership approach asserts that leadership behavior varies across a wide number of leadership styles, ranging from take-no-responsibility leadership to transformational leadership?

full range

What is the relatively stable trait that is grounded in the belief that something greater than the self exists?

humility

Leaders who exhibit ______ leadership behavior focus on clarifying tasks and setting goals to maximize output and efficiency.

initiating structure

As shift supervisor, Cassandra developed the schedule for the day, indicating which of her staff would be doing which job. The staff follows this schedule because of Cassandra's ______ power.

legitimate

Trisha works hard to maintain a friendly, supportive climate in her department. Her motto is "People first, production second." Trisha exhibits ______ leadership.

relationship-oriented

Under Fiedler's model, the level of influence a leader has in his or her immediate work environment is called control.

situational

Power directed at helping others, as opposed to helping oneself, is known as ______ power.

socialized

According to Fiedler's contingency leadership model, which two of the following are seen as leader orientations or styles?

task oriented and relationship oriented

Candidates for the management development program at GenCo Enterprises must first complete a personality assessment to determine their suitability for a leadership role. Based on this, it would appear that GenCo believes in the ______ approach to leadership.

trait

The human resource director told James that, in his role as product supervisor, he would get the best work out of his staff by employing a reward system for a job done well. The human resource director is focused on ______ leadership.

transactional

What type of leader excites passion, inspiring and empowering people to look beyond their own self-interest?

transformational

Which leadership approach suggests that leadership behaviors vary along a continuum of leadership styles, from passive through transactional to transformational?

full range

Although some people view ______ as a weakness, it is actually the belief that something greater than oneself exists.

humility

To be effective, a person employing influence tactics should do which of the following?

Be authentic. Be subtle. Rely on the core.

A servant leader would display which of the following characteristics?

Focus on listening and Commitment to the growth of people

Which of the following leadership behaviors is task-oriented and aimed at maximizing output?

Initiating-structure leadership

According to research findings, followers seek and admire leaders who create which of these feelings?

Significance Excitement Community

Which of the following best describes the dimension of situational control known as leader-member relations in Fiedler's contingency leadership model?

The extent to which a leader has or lacks the support, loyalty, and trust of the work group

According to the behavioral approaches to leadership, how should companies create effective managers?

Train them on task and relationship management

Richard's use of power is directed toward helping himself rather than helping others. This is an example of ______ power.

personalized

Conscious efforts to affect and change behaviors in others are known as ______ tactics.

to influence

What are some of the basic skills needed by leaders?

Cognitive abilities Conceptual skills Interpersonal skills Business skills

Which of the following are aspects of considerate leader behavior?

Creates mutual respect Encourages identification with the team Promotes social interactions

Which implications are offered by House's revised path-goal theory?

Effective leaders will possess and likely use more than one style of leadership. Leaders should help employees achieve their goals by clarifying the path to those goals and removing obstacles to achieving them. Leaders should modify their style to fit the employee characteristics and situational factors in the leadership situation.

Jason is an effective leader because he has created a climate in which employees have a strong belief in their own ability to control their work. Which type of leadership would best describe Jason's style?

Empowering leadership

Socialized power occurs when power is directed at helping oneself as a way of achieving one's own selfish ends.

False

True or false: Task-oriented leaders are best suited to handle all situations.

False

What behaviors are considered to be abusive supervision?

Ignoring subordinates Shouting and insults Public humiliation

Which leadership models are situational approaches?

House's path-goal model Fiedler's contingency model

What are key behaviors for transformational leaders?

Individual consideration Intellectual stimulation Idealized influence Inspirational motivation

In which ways do interpersonal skills help leaders in being effective?

Influencing others Working with diverse groups of people

What are some of the implications of transformational leadership for managers?

It can be used to train employees at any level. It can improve results for both individuals and groups. It requires ethical leadership.

What are the dimensions of situational control identified by Fiedler's contingency leadership model?

Leader-member relations Task structure Position power

Natalie loves her work at the shoe production facility. She is inspired by the company because, for every pair of shoes someone buys, the company gives a pair of shoes to a child in need. What type of leadership is this company providing that empowers Natalie?

Leading for meaningfulness

Research demonstrates that transformational leadership yields positive results in several areas, including which of the following?

Levels of intrinsic motivation, group cohesion, and work engagement, Leadership effectiveness and employee job satisfaction, Measures of organizational effectiveness

What conclusions can we draw from trait theory?

The positive and "dark triad" traits suggest the qualities you should cultivate and avoid. The implications of leadership traits cannot be ignored. Organizations may want to consider personality and trait assessments in their selection and evaluation processes. A global mindset is an increasingly valued task-oriented trait.

Which are accurate statements concerning women and leadership?

Women generally use a more participative style than men. Women are more likely to use transformational leadership behaviors.

Repeated verbal and nonverbal hostility toward a subordinate is called ______.

abusive supervision

Which approach to leadership attempts to determine the actions and behaviors that effective leaders engage in when interacting with others?

behavioral

Some managers use ______ power to punish their subordinates through verbal or written reprimands, fines, or, in extreme situations, terminations.

coercive

Steve docks an employee's pay when he comes in late for work for the second time in a week. Steve is demonstrating ______ power.

coercive

Jordan enjoys working at his company because it has the philosophy that every employee is making an important contribution to achieve the company's goals. As a result, there is a mutual level of respect among all employees. In this situation, the company is creating a feeling of ______.

community

Which approach to leadership asserts that a leader's effectiveness depends on the situation at hand?

contingency

What type of leadership represents normatively appropriate behavior that focuses on being a moral role model?

ethical

The leadership aspect of managerial leaders is to ______, while the management part is to ______.

influence; facilitate

Jonathan manages a department of 10 people. Once he got to know each of the individual employees, he realized it would be best for him to approach them with projects in different ways. For example, Shaina likes to know the final goal of every project, while Carson only wants the details of his task. Which type of leadership is based on having different relationships with different subordinates?

leader-member exchange

Within situational control, the extent to which a manager has or does not have the support, loyalty, and trust of the work group is known which of the following?

leader-member relations

An organization's vision and strategic plan is created by ______ and then implemented by ______.

leaders; managers

The ability to influence employees to voluntarily pursue organizational goals is referred to as ______.

leadership

The type of power that all managers have that results from their formal position within the organization is called ______ power.

legitimate

What is the term for power directed at helping yourself and furthering your own ends rather than those of others or the organization?

personalized power

What type of leadership is primarily concerned with leaders' interactions with their subordinates and is aimed at enhancing the creation of a positive, nurturing work environment?

relationship-oriented

At the completion of a long project, Aileen gives her assistant a day off with pay to acknowledge all of his hard work. This is an example of ______ power.

reward

The phrase "the power of the purse strings," meaning that managers can approve raises and other monetary incentives for employees, describes which type of power?

reward

Morgan considers Jessica an effective leader because she is intelligent, has high energy, and displays self-confidence. Morgan is characterizing Jessica based on which approach to leadership?

trait

Tyrone's management style could best be described as the "carrot or the stick" approach. If his subordinates perform to expectations, he will reward them; if their performance falls short of expectations, he will punish them. Which leadership style does this describe?

transactional

What type of leader is described as a humble, giving person who wants nothing in return but to see other people succeed?

servant leader

Proponents of the ______ approach to leadership believe that the most effective leadership behavior depends on the circumstances at hand.

situational

According to Fiedler's contingency leadership model, the amount of influence a manager has in the immediate work environment is known as what?

situational control

Nicole runs a "tight ship" in her department. She expects her staff to follow the rules and procedures and is hands-on when it comes to making sure that the organization's production and productivity goals are met. Nicole would best be described as displaying ______ behaviors.

task-oriented