Ch 14 - 18 Quizzes
________ is implemented by employees at low levels in the organization.
Bottom-up change
A(n) ________ is MOST OFTEN used in groups whose task involves reciprocal task interdependence.
all-channel network
The ________ reflects the tendency for people to make decisions based on adjustments from some initial amount.
anchoring and adjustment heuristic
In highly formalized organizations, job behaviors are MOST OFTEN ________.
programmed
According to Charles Perrow, ________ is the degree to which programmed solutions are available to people or functional groups to solve the problems they encounter.
task analyzability
All of the following are OD techniques directed at changing the attitudes and behaviors of individuals EXCEPT ________.
total quality management
A(n) ________ depends on one central member to receive and send messages to the other group members, and is most common when there is pooled interdependence.
wheel network
Which statement MOST accurately reflects a devil's advocate's response to persuasive communication?
Devil's advocates are not easily swayed by emotional appeals.
________ is a pattern of faulty decision making that occurs in cohesive groups whose members strive for agreement at the expense of accurately assessing information relevant to the decision.
Groupthink
During the holiday season, a clothing store always hires ten more employees due to the increase in business. How is this an example of programmed decision making?
Hiring more employees is a response to a repeated opportunity.
Which of the following is NOT a step in the classical model of decision making?
Implement several alternatives in case one does not work.
________ build and reinforce common bonds between members.
Rites of integration
________ have the ultimate responsibility for ensuring an organization behaves ethically.
Top managers
Heuristics can lead to ________, or systematic errors in decision making.
biases
According to March and Simon, decision makers are constrained by ________, an ability to reason that is limited by the capabilities of the human mind itself.
bounded rationality
A(n) ________ is characterized by communication between members flowing in a predetermined sequence, and is most common when tasks are sequentially interdependent.
chain network
Which of the following is a value that is NOT found in all companies with strong, adaptive corporate cultures?
commitment to promoting from within
When employees deeply consider the work that they do, the best ways to do this work, and why these ways are the best ways, they develop ________.
complex mental models
The role of employees in ________ is not to produce individual products but instead to watch for unexpected problems that may adversely affect the overall process.
continuous-process technology
Workers at the Calhoun paper mill focus on keeping track of the five computer-controlled papermaking machines and ten automated pulp-making machines that produce the paper and pulp the mill markets to its customers worldwide. According to Woodward's classification of technology, the Calhoun mill is using ________.
continuous-process technology
The values and norms in an organization's culture do NOT ________.
develop quickly to promote excellence within the organization
A company needs employees to use a new computer program to record all business expenses. Managers feel there will be many employees resistant to the change. The program is not difficult to learn and will eventually save the employees time and effort. The BEST first step the organization should take to get employees to go along with the change is ________.
education
A(n) ________ is a person to whom employees can report ethical lapses by management or turn to when faced with ethical dilemmas.
ethics officer
A direct goal of organization development is NOT to ________.
expand the organization's sales channels
A good reason for using ________ is that they have a detached view of the organization's problems.
external change agents
Receivers are MOST LIKELY to withhold feedback or to provide inappropriate feedback when the ________.
feedback is negative
Because the purchases of retail customers can vary dramatically by region, large retailers like Macy's and Neiman Marcus use a ________ to give them the flexibility they need to choose the range of products best suited to their customers.
geographic structure
The night before the shuttle Challenger launch, an engineer for one of NASA's contractors brought up concerns over how cold it was projected to be the next day. When his manager and NASA managers discussed the issue, they collectively rationalized that temperature was not a problem, censored the engineer who initially had the concerns, and mistakenly believed they were in unanimous agreement that the launch should proceed. As a result, this team of engineers and managers experienced ________.
groupthink
The top terminal value of a company is profitability. Founders and managers will MOST LIKELY encourage employees to have what instrumental value?
hard work
A company uses mass production to manufacture toilet paper. The organization MOST LIKELY ________.
has a mechanistic structure
Which of the following is LEAST LIKELY a reason why unethical behavior occurs?
ignorance of the rules
Which of the following factors is LEAST LIKELY to enhance a sender's credibility?
informal leadership
Telephone conversations provide ________.
instant feedback
A message is clear ONLY when ________.
it contains information that is easily interpreted or understood
When the landing signal officer on an aircraft carrier tells the pilot of an aircraft preparing to land "Right for lineup" or "Get dirty" instead of describing the numerous moves required for each action, this is an example of ________.
jargon expediting effective communication
It is difficult to assess the impact of change using the action research process MOST OFTEN because it ________.
may take several years to complete
A company that is centralized and has high formalization MOST LIKELY has a(n) ________ structure.
mechanistic
The ________ is a way for groups that need to make a decision quickly to select an alternative.
nominal group technique
During the middle school's open house, the teacher told her student's parents that she really liked their child. While saying this she had a very dirty look on her face. Through her ________, the teacher raised doubts as to whether she really liked the children.
nonverbal communication
A company that has low formalization, is decentralized, and has high participation from employees in decision making is considered to have a(n) ________ structure.
organic
A beautician was told to not charge an unhappy client because the beauty-parlor had a policy that if customers are unhappy with the services the shop would not charge them. This is an example of ________.
organizational ethics
The sales division has been having difficulty working with the accounting staff. The accounting staff views the sales staff as arrogant and bossy. The sales staff views the accounting staff as stingy and unfriendly. The BEST technique for the organization to use in order to help the work interactions of these two groups is ________.
organizational mirroring
All of the following are organizational techniques for dealing with resistance to change EXCEPT ________.
perception and attention
A mechanistic structure is MOST LIKELY to give rise to a culture in which ________.
predictability and stability are desired states
A large organization sells three very different items: paper, toy blocks, and books. The structure BEST suited to them would be ________ structure.
product
The main effect of establishing ethical rules is to ________.
regulate and control the pursuit of unbridled self-interest
Tom Seigmund, the employment manager at NTT, Inc., realizes that for a number of reasons he cannot always make the ideal decision when it comes to selecting a new employee. Instead, Tom ________ by searching for and choosing a candidate who has satisfactory job qualifications and who will be acceptable for the job.
satisfices