ch 14 post test

When did the term stress enter scientific literature? 1940s 1950s 1960s 1930s

1930s

Which of the following is an example of a secondary appraisal of a stressor? Victoria believes paragliding is a frightening activity. Jensen decides the risk of being caught shoplifting is very low, and the risk of being caught during an armed robbery is very high. Berkley believes she can end an argument with her wife by apologizing or buying her wife a gift. She decides apologizing is more effective. Mahmoud experiences an intense and irrational fear of dogs.

Berkley believes she can end an argument with her wife by apologizing or buying her wife a gift. She decides apologizing is more effective.

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress? Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside. Carrie experiences stress because she notices her car is almost out of gas and worries about being stranded on the highway, but then she feels better when she sees a gas station nearby. Grace experiences stress when she sees the coyote, but Mary thinks the coyote is a dog so she does not experience stress. Laura experiences stress because her heart rate increased when she noticed the spider.

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.

Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease? Both depression and heart disease are caused by stress. Depression may increase the likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart disease. Heart disease is associated with higher divorce rates, which increases the risk of depression. Heart disease is a side effect of prescription drugs that are used to treat depression.

Depression may increase the likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart disease.

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome? Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree. Burt is determined to learn how to play chess, so he spends all his time reading chess books. Betty steps down as class treasurer her senior year because she needs to focus on her grades. Nanette stays up all night to study for her math test.

Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree.

Marcy is in a car accident. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor. subjective automatic acute chronic

acute

A(n) ________ attack is often triggered by environmental factors, such as air pollution, allergens, cigarette smoke, airway infections, cold air or a sudden change in temperature, and exercise. stress heart cardiovascular asthma

asthma

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have? asthma systemic lupus erythematosus lung cancer heart disease

asthma

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________. challenge; threat distress; eustress threat; challenge challenge; distress

challenge; threat

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces? biofeedback coping autopilot distress

coping

People who reach the ________ level of stress feel burned out; they are fatigued, exhausted, and their performance begins to decline. primary distress eustress secondary

distress

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________. places stress on the thyroid system, which inflames the arteries slows the heart rate, which leads to less efficient distribution of oxygen through the body forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart restricts a person's salt intake, which suppresses the immune system

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________. less stress than someone who has no effective options no physiological response to the stressor of having no friends more stress than someone who has no effective options more anxiety than someone who has no effective options

less stress than someone who has no effective options

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________. intervention eustress reaction meditation

meditation

Lydia is often described as having a positive outlook on life. She assumes the best of people and situations. Lydia exemplifies ________. positive psychology Type A personality negative affectivity optimism

optimism

Lydia is often described as having a positive outlook on life. She assumes the best of people and situations. Lydia exemplifies ________. positive psychology optimism negative affectivity Type A personality

optimism

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives? eustress psychology self-psychology psychology of joy positive psychology

positive psychology

Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________. eustress happiness health social support

social support

A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________. eustressor stressor distressor animator

stressor

Which of the following is an example of eustress? recovering from a car accident getting a divorce training for a marathon losing a job

training for a marathon

Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always seems to be in a rush. Type One Type A Type B Tiger

type a

Which of the following is not one of the three aspects of job burnout? wanting to quit diminished sense of personal accomplishment depersonalization exhaustion

wanting to quit

Which of the following is a good example of a response-based definition of stress? Robin experiences stress because he notices his boat is damaged and worries about taking on water, but then he feels better when he sees a Coast Guard ship nearby. Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increased when he noticed Jack had a knife. Clark experiences stress because his friend plans to shoplift some candy. Tony experiences stress when he sees the storm warning, but Pepper is not bothered by thunderstorms so she does not experience stress.

Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increased when he noticed Jack had a knife.

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory? Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material. Recall of educational material is best under stress-free conditions. Intense stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material. Stress has no effect on remembering educational material.

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

What should be changed to make the following statement true? In the general adaptation syndrome, the fight-or-flight reaction describes the body's immediate reaction upon facing a threatening situation or emergency. The word "adaptation" should be changed to the word "adjustment." The word "general" should be changed to the word "stress." The phrase "fight-or-flight" should be changed to the word "alarm." The word "immediate" should be changed to the word "delayed."

The phrase "fight-or-flight" should be changed to the word "alarm."

What can be changed to make the following sentence true? The physical symptoms of psychophysiological disorders are nonexistent, and they can be produced or exacerbated by psychological factors. The word "exacerbated" should be changed to the word "worsened." The word "psychological" should be changed to the word "physical." The word "physical" should be changed to the word "psychological." The word "nonexistent" should be changed to the word "real."

The word "nonexistent" should be changed to the word "real."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Psychoneuroimmunology evolved from the discovery that there is a connection between the peripheral nervous system and the immune system. The word "peripheral" should be changed to the word "central." The word "Psychoneuroimmunology" should be changed to the phrase "Health psychology" The word "connection" should be changed to the word "link." The word "immune" should be changed to the word "autoimmune."

The word "peripheral" should be changed to the word "central."

Which of the following is an example of the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome? Diamond begs her mother for a puppy even after she is told she can't have one. Patrice can't stop talking even after her teacher asks her to remain silent. Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely. It is time for Fallon's nap, but he cannot fall sleep.

Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely.

Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are all examples of a(n) ________. daily hassle item on the SRRS acute stressor immunosuppressant

daily hassle

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boy's pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify? exhaustion diminished personal accomplishment depersonalization resistance

depersonalization

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating. mega-stress eustress over-stress distress

distress

Paolo is a writer and when he sits down in front of his computer he can write for hours, forgetting to eat and ignoring his phone because he is intensely engaged in writing. While he is writing, Paolo is experiencing ________. personality absorption flow passion

flow

________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors. happiness oneness momentum flow

flow

The Center for Investigating Healthy Minds conducts rigorous academic research on ________. unhealthy aspects of the mind, such as jealousy, anger, frustration, and melancholy how the mind affects health and how health affects the mind healthy aspects of the mind, such as kindness, forgiveness, compassion, and mindfulness which world culture is most conducive to a healthy mindset

healthy aspects of the mind, such as kindness, forgiveness, compassion, and mindfulness

What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor? increased heart rate inability to react to the primary appraisal how a threat is perceived a feeling of anxiety

how a threat is perceived

Which of the following statements about the male and female experience of stress is true? Men and women report experiencing approximately the same amount of stress. While women report experiencing less stress later in life, men report experiencing more stress later in life. Women report experiencing more stress than men. Men report experiencing more stress than women.

Women report experiencing more stress than men.

Which demographic category reported the least amount of stress during 1983, 2006, and 2009? unemployed people White males Black females retired people

retired people