CH. 15 - Christianity and the Formation of Europe, Art Appreciation Chapter 16, art appreciation - chapter 14, 15, 16, chapter 17 art appreciation, art appreciation - chapter 17 and 19

rococo

French word meaning "rocks" and "shells"

Which style of architecture was created when the French abbot Suger remodeled his church with the goal of having the church reach heavenward and the interior be filled with light?

Gothic

The word renaissance refers to the revival of the ancient ___ and ___ cultures.

Greek Roman

Gothic, the second period of art and architecture of the high middle ages derived its name from

a nomadic tribe called the Goths

Some of the best preserved, earliest surviving, Christian art has been found in underground

burial chambers

Byzantine rulers considered themselves to be the legitimate continuation of the ancient Roman Empire and were known by the title

emperor of all the Romans

Installed in a hospital for illnesses of the skin, the graphic depiction of pain and suffering in Matthias Grunewald's Isenheim Altarpiece was intended to

increase the faith of the patients, inviting them to identify their own suffering with Christ's.

Transept

length-wise perpendicular extension

genre painting

painting that focused on scenes of everyday life

People of the Byzantine world believed that icons possessed divine power and could be used to

pray directly to the person depicted

Rubens

prolific Flemish baroque painter. The raising of the cross is typically baroque in its use of an S-curve for christ's bodyand the overall sense of movement

The philosophy of humanism

revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman scholars. focused on the abilities and accomplishments of mankind.

As evidenced in the nave ceiling of Reims Cathedral, architects of the Gothic period used _____ as reinforcements on the major points of intersections throughout the curve of a vault

ribs

The most valuable and treasured possessions of medieval times were the large woven ______, which often told a story and were hung on walls in grand homes and castles

tapestries

The mismatched towers and spires of Chartres Cathedral help illustrate

the evolution of Gothic style

Narthex

the fount entry porch

romanesque

- 1050 to 1200 - an 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬, 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬, 𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐥 𝐯𝐚𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐜𝐞𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 - churches were springing up everywhere to accommodate those taking part in pilgrimages - 𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞 than that of Gothic

By what year had rough approximations of modern European political boundaries been established?

600

What Renaissance artist is most closely associated with the fusion of Italian concepts of math and science and Northern methods of meticulous detail and observation?

Albrecht Durer

Nave

An open central space

Clerestory

An upward extension pierced with windows

Why is the Bayeux Tapestry more correctly called an embroidery?

Because colored yarns were sewn onto a woven background

Constantinople was formerly known by what name?

Byzantium

What type of church architecture was favored in the Christian east?

Central plan

One of the reasons that Christians were persecuted in the Roman Empire is that

Christians would not worship the gods and goddesses that were recognized by religion

icon

- a picture of a sacred subject painted on a wooden panel

bodhisattva

- a saint like being who have delayed their own release in order to help others attain enlightenment

Symbolized as the Queen of Heaven in this rose window at Chartres Cathedral, Mary radiates which of the following?

- Doves and angels - french royalty - prophets - biblical kings

sfumato

- derived from the Italian word for "𝐬𝐦𝐨𝐤𝐞" - leonardo da vinci's specialty - achieved by multiple layers of translucent glazes give a hazy atmosphere, softened contours, and velvety shadows

annunciation

- image shows the moment when an angel comes to the Virgin Mary to announce that she will bear the son of God - titan

botticelli

- renaissance artists also turned to stories of Greek and Roman gods and goddesses for subject matter - venus (goddess of love and beauty) - large scale depiction of the female nude

basilica

- roman meeting house

mosaic

- small pieces of colored material are assembled to form an image

To accurately portray the human body, what did some artists do to study human form?

Dissected cadavers

Who created this statue of Saint Mark?

Donatello

the tale of genji

- 𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐥𝐝'𝐬 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐧𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐥 - 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐞𝐱𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐭, 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐛𝐲 𝐚 𝐭𝐞𝐚𝐦 - 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 "𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐝𝐬 𝐞𝐲𝐞 𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰", 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐚 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞

During which 25-year period did the High Renaissance take place?

1500 to 1525

Which of the following are not characteristics of Venetian Renaissance painting?

Emphasis on classical models and mathematican organization

How can scholars tell that Rogier van der Weyden's St. Luke Drawing the Virgin is, at least in part, a painting about looking?

Everyone in the painting in act of looking at something The artist's careful rendering of precise detail

___-named for the Italian word meaning "style" or "stylishness"-is the school of painting suggesting that the painters practiced an art of grace and sophistication.

Mannerism

Which of the following was a patron of the arts in the Renaissance but not a patron in earlier times?

Merchant-rulers

Which of the following were patrons of the arts during the Renaissance?

Merchant-rulers Clergy Nobility

Which of the following Greek philosophers inspired the idea of ideal beauty, which was equated with moral goodness?

Plato

How does Leonardo da Vinci organize the forms in his painting Madonna and Child with Saint Anne?

He uses a soft gentle light to dissolve the edges of the forms. He organizes the forms into a triangular shape. He balances the composition with dark shadows in one corner and a dark tree in the other.

What does the term renaissance mean?

Rebirth

What did Charlemagne use as a model for his royal chapel at Aachen?

San Vitale

Why did Italy emerge as the home of the Renaissance?

The Christian Church was centered in Rome Humanism first arose in Italy Powerful banking families and economic prosperity emerged

Based on what scholars know about Giorgione's The Tempest, what do they believe to be the meaning of its content?

The focus is on the power of nature that brings opposites together.

What did Michelangelo feel summarized the noblest of creations worth of art?

The nude body

baroque

- 𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐟𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 - 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐯𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐝 - 𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐩𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (the more, the better!) - 𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐬. - 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞. - 𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐞, 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞, 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜

shogun

- 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐢

jacques-louis david

- 𝐟𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐲 to absorb the influence of the newly uncovered artworks - 𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐟𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 and quickly establishes himself as an artist of great potential - 𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐢𝐬 𝐗𝐕𝐈 (𝟏𝟔𝐭𝐡) 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐚𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐢

mahadeva temple

- 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚 - 𝐝𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐯𝐚 - 3 halls that grow progressively taller and culminate in a larger curving tower called, 𝐚 𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐤𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐚 - 𝐢𝐭 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐦𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫 𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐬

taj mahal

- 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐟𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐨𝐟 𝐌𝐮𝐠𝐡𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞

What was the cause of the Northern Renaissance?

It developed from the growing fascination with the details of the visible world.

As represented in the fresco The Lamentation, Glotto became known for pioneering which technique?

Use of space

Renaissance ___ held that people should pursue knowledge for its sake.

humanists

reliquary

- a 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐬 - saint faith / foy

the catholic counter reformation

- baroque art - 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐚𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐪𝐮𝐞

linear perspective

- distant objects appeared smaller than near ones - discovered in Italy, but would not filter into Northern art for another 75 years

minoan

- named after king mino // queen gave birth to the half bull, half human creature called the minotaur - centered around the great city of Knossos, on the isle of Crete

cycladic

- small group of islands in the Aegean. - almost all of the art found is the simplified, abstracted nude female, as seen at left - these are presumably fertility figures

Between what two periods were the middle ages?

- the western roman empire - the renaissance

diego velazquez

- 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐞 - 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐮𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐚𝐫𝐭 - 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 - "las meninas" - young girl being spotlighted; king and queen in the reflection of the mirror

italian renaissance art

- 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐝 - 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞, 𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞, 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞

buddhism

- 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝐛.𝐜.𝐞 - 𝐚𝐫𝐲𝐚𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐱 - 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐫𝐲𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐲 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐚𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐡𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐬 - 𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐡𝐚 𝐠𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐦𝐚, 𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐚𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐡𝐚

In the year _______ the Roman Emperor Constantine issued an edict of tolerance for all religions

313

What do the paintings in the prayer book constructed from the Limbourg Brothers' paintings represent?

A calendar illustrated with activities of the wealthy and peasants

Which shapes did Michelangelo use as a basis for the floor plan of St. Peter's Basilica?

A cross A square A circle

Apse

A curved end section

Agnolo Bronzino's painting Allegory ("Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time") demonstrates with Mannerist traits?

A forbidden or erotic undercurrent. Shallow, compressed, or illogical space. Classical subject matter and symbols. Elongated forms and twisted poses. Fondness for elaborate or obscure subject matter.

What is the diagonal shape at the bottom of Hans Holbein's The Ambassadors, and what did it represent?

A skull representing that everyone dies

The later Byzantine convention of portraying Christ as Panotokrator was meant to remind viewers of which of the following?

Christ's majesty and his awe inspiring divinity

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Renaissance style?

Complex, abstract forms that represent an idea rather than an observed form

What was Duccio primarily concerned with while working on Christ Entering Jerusalem which is a detail of Maesta Altar?

Creating a believable space in an outdoor setting

True or False: The period from 476 to 1400 often referred to as the middle ages bc it was a period of relative stagnation in between 2 period of extraordinary innovation

False

Why is The Last Supper by Tintoretto considered an excellent example of Counter-Reformation artwork?

It conforms to the teachings of the Church.

What is the accepted interpretation of the lute with a broken string depicted in Hans Holbein's The Ambassadors?

It represents discord, which ties to the recent Protestant Reformation.

What is unusual about Sandro Botticelli's The Birth of Venus?

It uses unusual linear style and shallow modeling The background acts as a backdrop, as for a play

Caravaggio

Italian painter he influenced many other baroque artists with his use of dramatic lighting. Entobment of christ is one example of his technigue. perspective was used to control the eye level of the viewer.

Bernini

Italian sculptor and architect of the Baroque period in Italy. his cornaro chapel combined architecture, painting, sculpture, and lighting to create a theatrical experience.

Who are two famous High Renaissance artists?

Michelangelo Leonardo da Vinci

secularism in art

Nonreligious or the exclusion of religious subject matter in works of art.

What did Renaissance humanists believe to be true?

People's obligation to God is to realize their full intellectual and creative potential To combine the teachings of Christianity with the reason and intellect of ancient cultures

The plan of Leon Battista Alberti's church Sant'Andrea recalls examples found in the architecture of which ancient culture?

Rome

What is a Renaissance person?

Someone with a diverse skill set

Velasquez

Spanish painter and court painter; his master piece Las Meninas used light to create drama and emphasis and help organize a complex composition

What can be concluded about the period known as the Renaissance based on the role of the arts during that time?

The identities and influences of patrons played a larger role in the production of art.

What demands did the Counter-Reformation reformers make of artists?

The insisted that every depiction of sacred subject matter when directly commissioned by the Catholic Church. They demanded that compositions be arranged to make the lessons of Church teachings immediately evident.

What are three characteristics demonstrated in Robert Campin's Merode Altarpiece that would help one classify it as a Northern Renaissance painting?

The use of rich detail and precise brush strokes The use of oil paint on wood panel The combination of everyday life and the supernatural

How did Renaissance artists obtain ideal beauty?

They borrowed beautiful features from everywhere

Why did the Counter-Reformation Catholic church see an art as one of their strongest weapons?

They understood arts ability to engage the emotions and intellect of the faithful.

Which Venetian painter created the painting The Annunciation?

Titian

True or False: The period of Gothic art and Renaissance art overlap.

True

How is Mechelangelo's David similar to ancient Greek sculptures, such as Warrior A?

Use of contrapposto Knowledge of human physique

Which of the following characteristics would not be classified as a trait of Nothern painting from the Renaissance period?

Use of linear perspective

Gentileschi

an Italian painter; her work of art, Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes combined dramatic lighting with rich primary colors to enhance the visual experience.

Michelangelo envisioned St. Peter's Basilica as

an organic whole with a powerful upward thrust.

The Renaissance was when the concept of "___" arose.

art

Matthias Grunewald's Isenheim Altarpiece is an example of the ___ often found in Northern Renaissance art.

pain and suffering

During the middle ages, most of the great churches and cathedrals including the Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy were built in response to the popularity of

pilgrimages

The images of the emperor Justinian and the empress Theodora that appear in San vital are meant to convey which of the following?

reinforce the presence of the distant rulers

rembrant

was the greatest Dutch artist of the period, his work the night watch represents the dutch intrest in social organizations and community. his innovation was to paint individual portraits within the context of a larger activity

renaissance

- 1400 to 1600 - began in 𝐈𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐲 - brought 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 to the world of art - means "𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡" - 𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐥 𝐨𝐟 interest in 𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐤 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐑𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 - developed the technique of 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐨 - developed 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 - developed 𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞

st. francis

- monk and a preacher - able to converse with birds and animals - God bestowed the wounds of the stigmata upon him - capture the moment in this image, when he is receiving the stigmata

Which of the following are common architectural features of Christian churches?

- naves - clerestories - apses

stupa

- 𝐚 𝐦𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐡𝐚 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐝 - 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝟖 𝐦𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐮𝐩𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 - a solid earthen mound faced with stone

the burning of sanjo place

- 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐫 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐫𝐚 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐧

rembrandt

- 𝐝𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫 - 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐦 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐬𝐲𝐦𝐛𝐨𝐥𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 - 𝐝𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐡 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐲 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐡𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐲 - 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐠𝐠𝐢𝐨

gianlorenzo bernini

- 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐪𝐮𝐞 𝐞𝐫𝐚 - 𝐞𝐩𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐲𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐪𝐮𝐞 - in his own eyes he was a painter, dramatist, and composer - 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐝 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐬 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐩𝐭𝐨𝐫, 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐮𝐬 - cornaro chapel

Which of these themes are commonly seen in Renaissance art?

Detailed depictions of the physical world Idealized and proportioned human figures Interest in ancient Greek and Roman subject matter

How does Tintoretto's painting The Last Supper draw the focus of the viewer to Christ?

Dramatic diagonal lines direct the viewers eye to Christ's figure in the foreground. Christ's figure is placed near the center of the composition.

What Renaissance convention did Lorenzo Ghiberti use to arrange space in his composition of The Story of Jacob and Esau for the Flortine batistery doors?

Linear perspective

How does Pieter Bruegel the Elder's painting The Harvesters illustrate the changes in art that were brought about by the Protestant Reformation?

The painting depicts scenes from everyday life and landscape rather than scenes of saints or religious subjects.

During the Renaissance, works of art with Classical Greek and Roman subject matter were

especially popular and were commissioned for both secular and religious spaces.

gothic

- 1200 to 15th century - 𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐛𝐛𝐨𝐭 named suger was inspired by early christian drawings - 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐮𝐩 𝐭𝐨 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐧 - 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬 - 𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 - 𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐛𝐞𝐝 𝐯𝐚𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐥𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬 - 𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 - 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐠𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐨𝐰𝐬

terra cotta army

- 210 b.c.e - 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟒 - 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐫𝐬, 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐬, 𝐜𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐫𝐲, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐬 - 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 - 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐬 𝐠𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐛 - 𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐤𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐬

qin

- 221 b.c.e - 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐡𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐝𝐢 - 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟒

ziggurat

- a 𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐞 raised on a monumental stepped base - located in the 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐚, called "𝐒𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐫" - built their cities of sun 𝐝𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐤 - dedicated to the moon god Nana

riace warriors

- art from the 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐝 - "finest of the finest" - 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐳𝐞𝐬 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐬𝐨 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐬, 𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐥𝐲 𝐰𝐞𝐚𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐬 - this is one of two bronze warrior statues discovered in the sea near Riace, Italy. they had been lost at sea in a ship wreck

judith and the maidservant

- artemesia gentilleschi made multiple versions showing the progress of the decapitation - 𝐣𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐡 from the old testament - 𝐬𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐲𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥, 𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬 - 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬, 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐩𝐥𝐮𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐝𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐠𝐠𝐢𝐨

giotto

- contemporary of duccio - 𝐛𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐤 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐬𝐭𝐲𝐥𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 - 𝐥𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭 - 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐢𝐭 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 - 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐠𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐞𝐦𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐨𝐮𝐬, 𝐚𝐬 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠

church expansion

- during the renaissance // middle ages - time of intense religious preoccupation in europe - era that most of the great cathedrals were built - gothic and romanesque - italian's viewed themselves as descendants of citizens of earlier civilization and to accommodate those in pilgrimages

caravaggio

- extremely influential - 𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬, 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 - made "entombment of christ" - depicts the crucified Christ being lowered into an open grave

india

- greatest export was 𝐛𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐦 - travelers and missionaries brought over the Silk Road to China, and which then passed to Japan - 𝐝𝐨 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐚𝐧 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐚𝐫𝐭 - 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝 - 𝐀𝐫𝐲𝐚𝐬 people

pompeii

- in the year of 79, mt. vesuvius erupted, burying the town - the town lay undisturbed for more than 1600 years - in 1748, large frescoes were discovered

oath of the horatii

- jacques-louis david - 𝟑 𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐯𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐨 𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐡 - 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐦 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐬 - 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐲 𝟏 𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐢 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐯𝐞

sistine chapel

- located in the 𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧, 𝐢𝐧 𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐞. - executed in fresco. - took 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐬 to complete. - 𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 - 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐬 - creation of adam

mycenean

- located on the 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐤 𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝 - 𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐛𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬 - 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐲 𝐀𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐠𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐲

david

- made by michaelangelo - michelangelo 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐩𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐬 - it has a 𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 that was missing in greek art - the 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 is significant - 𝐬𝐲𝐦𝐛𝐨𝐥 𝐨𝐟 𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞

animal style

- made by the "barbarians" - 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐬 𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐬, 𝐚𝐬 𝐰𝐞𝐥𝐥 𝐚𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐟 𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐫 𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 - 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞'𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐜 𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐝𝐬𝐦𝐞𝐧.

china

- major exports were 𝐰𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐮𝐫𝐛𝐚𝐧 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐚𝐝𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐲

northern renaissance art

- northern countries of Europe such as Switzerland, Germany, northern France, and the Netherlands, the Renaissance did not occur with the explosion of drama it did in Italy, but occurred more gradually - did not live among the ruins of Rome - 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 - 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 - 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐥, 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 - 𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐬𝐡 𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐦

krater

- one of the many standard Greek pottery shapes, a krater is 𝐚 𝐯𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐥 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐞 - 𝐚 𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐫 - greeks did not believe that the afterlife was luxurious // thought that the 𝐧𝐞𝐱𝐭 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐥𝐝 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐝𝐨𝐰𝐲 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭

st. teresa in ecstasy

- part of Bernini's work in 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐥 - depicts 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐚, a spanish mystic and founder of a strict order of nuns - claimed to be 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 in which she would have visions - depicts one of her trances in which she claimed she was visited by an angel and struck in the heart and 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐚 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐥𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐆𝐨𝐝

sutton hoo

- site of a ship burial that was initially excavated in 1938 and yielded among other important middle age artifacts - a fully buried ship that served as a burial chamber for a 7th-9thcentury anglo saxon king

The basilica became an obvious choice from which to design the basic structure of a church because

- the space naturally focused the attention of visitors on an alter - its open structure could hold many people

shinto

- 𝐚 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐟 𝐢𝐧 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 - 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐉𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐭, 𝐭𝐨𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐬

chinese buddhism

- 𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚 - 𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐥𝐤 𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐝 - 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐚 𝐫𝐞𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐯𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬 - 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐛𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐚 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝 "𝐩𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝" - 𝐛𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐡𝐚 𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐡𝐚 𝐝𝐰𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 "𝐩𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝"

renaissance

- 𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧 - 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐝𝐮𝐞𝐝 - 𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐩𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐚 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲

guatama

- 𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐧 𝐚 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐤𝐚 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐧 - 𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐱𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬, 𝐬𝐮𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 - 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐭 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐭𝐞 - 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐦𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐚 𝐥𝐨𝐭𝐮𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐞, 𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐞𝐧𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭. - 𝐛𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐡𝐚, "𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐝"

palace of versailles

- 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 𝐟𝐥𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐪𝐮𝐞 - 𝐛𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐭, 𝐨𝐫 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐛𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐭 𝐛𝐲 𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐡 𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐢𝐬 𝐗𝐈𝐕(𝟏𝟒𝐭𝐡) - 𝐜𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐲𝐦𝐛𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐦𝐩 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐪𝐮𝐞 - 𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐨𝐮𝐢𝐬 𝐗𝐈𝐕 (𝟏𝟒𝐭𝐡)𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐚 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐦𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐟 - 𝐦𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐞

marie-antoinette

- 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐛𝐮𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐝 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐚𝐝𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐬 - 𝐒𝐡𝐞 𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐬 𝐚 𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲 - 𝐒𝐡𝐞 𝐰𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐚 𝐠𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐲𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞, 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬 - 𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐬𝐚𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐥 - 𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐫𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐮𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐬𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐭

equestrian art

- 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐬 - artwork in which the 𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐩𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝐫𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 - usually a 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐫 𝐚 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐫 - 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐚𝐫𝐭

hinduism

- 𝐝𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚 - 𝐛𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐦, 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐥𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐲 𝐬𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐚, 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐯𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚 - 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐫𝐲𝐚𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐡𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐬 - 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐚 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐟 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐲𝐜𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 - 𝐢𝐬 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐬, 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐝𝐞𝐢𝐭𝐲

asuka period

- 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐝 𝐣𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐲 𝐰𝐚𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐤𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐚 - 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐜𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐛𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐦 - 𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐲𝐮-𝐣𝐢

rococo

- 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 ½ 𝐭𝐨 ¾ 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝟏𝟖𝐭𝐡 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐲 - 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐝 "𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐪𝐮𝐞" - 𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐡 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 "𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐬" 𝐚𝐧𝐝 "𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐬" - forms that appeared as decorative motifs in architecture, furniture, and occasionally the painting of the time - 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐭 - 𝐬𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐡𝐨𝐦𝐞. - 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐬 - 𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐝, 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 - 𝐬𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐞𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲 - 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐬𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 - "mirror rooms"

peter paul reubens

- 𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐡 painter - 𝐬𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐠𝐠𝐢𝐨 - lived in belgium and traveled widely - 𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐠𝐠𝐢𝐨'𝐬 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 - "𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬"

arts of china

- 𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬 - 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐲𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐡, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐤𝐞𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 "𝐜𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 - the yangtze and the xi are in the south - 𝐦𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐲𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐨𝐨𝐤 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐦𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬. 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐚

carousing couple

- 𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 - judith leyster - 𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐠𝐨𝐨𝐝, 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤

pantokrater

- 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐤 𝐟𝐨𝐫 "𝐫𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐥𝐥" - a standard element of later Byzantine iconography, the Pantokrator image 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐞, 𝐚𝐰𝐞-𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐟𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐦𝐚𝐣𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐬 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐞, 𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞, 𝐡𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐬 𝐉𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐬

duccio

- 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐟𝐭 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐲𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐧𝐚𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 - masterpiece was the Maesta Altar - 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐚𝐥𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐮𝐧𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭, 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐩

mughals

- 𝐢𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐩𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐚 - 𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚 𝐛𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝟏𝟔𝐭𝐡 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐲 - 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 - 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐥𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐢𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐚𝐫𝐭

neoclassism

- 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 "𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐦" - 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐭𝐲𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 - 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐢𝐢 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐦 𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐝 𝐚 𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐰𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐭 - 𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐦, 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐦, 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐟-𝐬𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐞, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐫𝐮𝐠𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲- 𝐯𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 - jacques -louis david - "the oath of horatti"

illumination

- 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐩𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 - 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤 𝐡𝐚𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐝 - 𝐦𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐚𝐬 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐲 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐤𝐬 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 - 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐲 𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦, 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 - 𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐥 𝐨𝐟 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤 // t𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤'𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐲𝐦𝐛𝐨𝐥

edo period

- 𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐥, 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐨𝐤𝐲𝐨 - great artistic event of the edo period was the resounding popularity of the 𝐰𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐛𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐤 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐭 - 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐧𝐨𝐰 𝐛𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐩𝐥𝐲 𝐞𝐧𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦

japanese art

- 𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐥𝐝 - terra cotta figures called 𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐰𝐚 - 𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐚 𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐬

horyu-ji

- 𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐰𝐨𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐧 𝐛𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐥𝐝 - 𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐲 𝐨𝐧 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 "𝐬𝐢𝐱 𝐝𝐲𝐧𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬" 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐝 - inside the gateway is a 𝐩𝐚𝐠𝐨𝐝𝐚, which is the equivalent of the indian stupa - inside the kondo is the 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐤𝐚 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢 𝐛𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐡𝐢

jacques-louis david

- 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬 - 𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐣𝐞𝐚𝐧 𝐩𝐚𝐮𝐥 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐭 - goal was to wipe out the greedy and corrupt french aristocracy, and was responsible for the execution by guillotine of thousands of people - "𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐭" - 𝐝𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐝 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐲𝐫

zen buddhism

- 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐝 𝐣𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐧 𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐝 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐚, 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐭 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐡𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐥𝐲 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐝 - 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐧𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐦𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐦𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐚𝐲 - "𝐬𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐤" work by sesshu toyo you can see the "suddenness" in this work - 𝐭𝐨𝐲𝐨 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐳𝐞𝐧 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐤 -

silk road

- 𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐞 - 𝐚 𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐬 - 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐚, 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐣𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐧 - 𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐢𝐥𝐤 𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐚 - 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐚 𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐥𝐲 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬

characteristics of egyptian art

- 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐨𝐝𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐬𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐛𝐞 "𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐝" - two dimensional - 𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲

haniwa

- 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐭𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝

vigee-lebrun

- 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐞𝐧'𝐬 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫 - 𝐦𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐝 𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐝, 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫

gentileschi

- 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐰𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 in the male dominated world of 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐭-𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐚𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐭 - received early training from her father - 𝐰𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲 𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐚 𝐟𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐮𝐠𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐨 𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢, 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐡𝐞𝐫 - 𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐬𝐮𝐢𝐭 𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢 - 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐡𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐥𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐢'𝐬 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤, 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐰𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧 𝐞𝐱𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐥 𝐦𝐞𝐧 - 𝐚𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐡, 𝐬𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐞𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐨𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 - 𝐬𝐡𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐬, 𝐬𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐥𝐞𝐝𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭.

french revolution

- 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐡 𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐫𝐮𝐢𝐧𝐬, 𝐦𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐰𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐡 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐞-𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞 - 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐡 𝐛𝐲 𝐠𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐞

kamakura and muromachi

- 𝟏𝟐𝐭𝐡 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐲 - war broke out due to the rise of regional warriors called 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐢 - 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐨 - 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐢, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐠𝐮𝐧 - 𝐤𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐤𝐮𝐫𝐚

age of kings

- 𝟏𝟕𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟏𝟖𝐭𝐡 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 - 𝐬𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐫𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐞 - these monarchs governed as virtual dictators - their influence dominated social and cultural affairs of the time, as well as political matters

Aisles

Delineations of space to accommodate worshipers

Where is the vanishing point in Masaccio's The Trinity?

Directly under the cross on the mid-point of the ledge where the donors are kneeling

How is Michelangelo's David different from ancient Greek and Roman sculpture?

Has tension and energy Knowledge of human anatomy Expression is communicated on the face

What is sfumato?

Layers of glaze that produce a soft, hazy ambiance Italian word for "smoke"

In 1401, what artist wwon a high-profile competition to design a new set of bronze doors for the Florentine baptistery?

Lorenzo Ghiberti

What Northern Renaissance quality is evident in the Limbourg Brothers' Les Tres Riches Heures from the late Middle Ages?

careful attention to detail

The glittering mosaics that decorate the interior of San Vitale include images of the

emperor Justinian

Titan's style of painting, especially late in his life, incorporated ___ that made the image indistinct when seen close up but clear when viewed from a distance.

frenzied brush strokes

This purse cover features animal style images and ____________, which are intricately woven bands

interlace

Baroque Art

is full of emotion, energy, and movement. colors are more vivid and contrasting than in renaissance art. there is a strong presence of light in much of the artwork.

The frescoes of the Sistine Chapel were completed with the help of

scaffolding many assistants

Even though Michelangelo was an accomplished artist in a variety of media, he considered himself to be a)n)

sculptor.