CH. 16-19 Exam Organizational Management

Process Theories

Theories that explain how employees select the behaviors that allow them to meet their needs are known as

bottom-up budgeting

Priya is an area manager at Ironman Gym. She anticipates her area's needs and formulates a proposed budget every quarter. She then sends this proposal to her manager. This is an example of

team members communicate through one individual to make decisions.

A centralized network is one in which

distributive negotiation

A competitive and adversarial negotiation approach in which each party strives to get as much as it can, usually at the expense of the other party, is called

hierarchy of needs theory

A content theory that proposes that people are motivated by five categories of needs—physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization—that exist in a hierarchical order is called the

command team

A functional team may include three or four levels of hierarchy within a functional department and is sometimes referred to as a

ERG Theory

A modification of the needs hierarchy theory that proposes three categories of needs—existence, relatedness, and growth—is called the

task specialist role

A role in which the individual devotes personal time and energy to helping the team accomplish its task is called a

Valence

Abbey works at Railroad Ties. Her bosses continually indicate that her motivational level is low. Abbey agrees but is unwilling to work harder until the company changes the types of reward it offers its employees. Which of the following is low for Abbey?

getting employee opinions.

All of the following are key steps of setting up feedback control systems except

Feedback

All well-designed control systems involve the use of which of the following to determine whether performance meets established standards?

carryover behaviors

As one of the four common ways in which norms develop in teams, which of the following bring norms into the team from the outside?

hierarchical control

At LBK Industries, responsibility for quality control rests with a team of quality control inspectors and supervisors rather than with employees. LBK uses what type of organizational control?

decentralized control

At RWI Distilleries, rules and procedures are used only when necessary. Instead, shared goals and values guide employee behavior. RWI uses what type of organizational control?

vicarious learning

At Rightway Industries, new hires spend a significant portion of their first week of training just walking around the factory, observing other workers, and watching them be rewarded for doing their jobs well. This is an example of

positive reinforcement

Braden publicly praises his employees when they have achieved their goals. Braden hopes this will increase the likelihood of goal achievement in the future. This is an example of

top-down budgeting.

Brent is a department manager at Home Theater, Inc. His sole role in the budget process is to implement the budget that is developed for him. This is an example of

Feedback

Communication is one-way without

managers wait for big, dramatic innovations.

Contingency factors that can influence the success of a TQM program in a positive way include all of the following except

Norming

During which stage of team development does team unity emerge?

Performing

During which stage of team development is the major emphasis on problem solving and accomplishing the assigned task?

scrutinize electronic communication patterns

Effective virtual team leaders use virtual technology to build relationships through all of the following ways except

Decentralized

For complex problems, which network is most effective for swift, accurate problem resolution?

top-down budgeting

In which of the following are budgeted amounts for the coming year imposed on middle- and lower-level managers?

continuous improvement

It seems that once a year the managers of Stone Construction, Inc., attempt a major organization intervention, such as management by objectives. They never seem to be satisfied with the performance of Stone Construction and, sure enough, 12 months later, along comes another major intervention. By implementing organizational change in this way, Stone Construction's management may well be violating the principle of

Avoidance Learning (Negative Reinforcement)

Jeff and Roberto have a difficult time getting along at work. Most days, Jeff spends a lot of time cracking jokes and goofing off, while Roberto constantly nags him and tells him to act like a grownup. On days when Jeff is more reserved, Roberto does not nag him, hoping that this will result in improved behavior down the road. This is an example of which form of behavior modification?

She should allow time for team members to become acquainted with one another and for informal social interaction

Jennifer has just been appointed leader of a new work team in her organization. She is wondering what to do at her first meeting with the group. Which of the following would you suggest?

Taking Corrective Action

Kyle's work group consistently exceeds the goals that members set for themselves some months ago. In an attempt to better motivate the group, Kyle thought it would be a good idea to set new goals. This is an example of Kyle exercising control by

Its ability to take corrective action when necessary

Mistletoe Corporation has a detailed set of organizational goals and a management information system that delivers timely and accurate information. Mistletoe still has control problems, however, because its managers refuse to act on the information they receive. Mistletoe's control process has flaws in which of the following areas?

Profit Margin on Sales

Net income divided by sales is the correct formula for calculating

an appropriate level of conflict.

Requirements of effective teamwork include all of the following except

Encode

Selecting the symbols used to compose a message is involved in which of the following parts of the communication process?

Empowerment

Shifting power down from the top of the organization and sharing it with employees to enable them to achieve goals is known as

P → O expectancy

Tanek is a manager at Chuck's Construction. He sees little opportunity for advancement at Chuck's Construction, regardless of how well he performs. Which of the following expectancies is low for Tanek?

Functional Team

Terrionna is a manager at Sleeveless Clothes, Inc. Recently, she was assigned a work team. She is in charge of the team, and it consists of the subordinates under her authority. This is an example of a

need for affiliation

The desire to form close personal relationships, avoid conflict, and establish warm friendships describes

Income Statement

The firm's financial performance for a given time period is shown

orientation

The forming stage of team development is characterized by

Return on Assets

The percentage representing what a company earned from its assets is called

Groupthink

The tendency for people to be so committed to a cohesive team that they are reluctant to express contrary opinions refers to

Encoding, message, and feedback

What are the key elements of communication?

Telephone, electronic mail, and memo

Which of the following are examples of channels that managers might choose to use when communicating with employees?

job simplification

Which of the following can lead to greater task efficiencies, but has failed as a motivational technique?

Lack of Commitment

Which of the following dysfunction of teams occurs if people are afraid to express their true opinions and it is difficult to gain their true dedication to decisions?

Bulletins

Which of the following has the lowest channel richness?

Expense budget

Which of the following includes anticipated and actual expenses for a responsibility center?

hierarchical control

Which of the following involves monitoring and influencing employee behavior through extensive use of rules, policies, hierarchy of authority, written documentation, reward systems, and other formal mechanisms?

A performance goal is shared between team members.

Which of the following is a component of a team?

Compensation needs

Which of the following is not a need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory?

positive reinforcement

Which of the following is the administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a desired behavior?

Autonomy

Which of the following is the degree to which the worker has freedom, discretion, and self-determination in planning and carrying out tasks?

Cohesiveness

Which of the following is the extent to which team members are attracted to the team and motivated to remain in it?

Horizontal communication

Which of the following is the lateral or diagonal exchange of messages among peers or coworkers?

revenue budget

Which of the following lists forecasted and actual revenues of the organization?

Primacy

Which of the following means that the first behaviors that occur in a team often set a precedent for later team expectations?

Capital budget

Which of the following plans future investments in major assets to be depreciated over several years?

Task identity

Which of the following refers to the degree to which an employee performs a total job with a recognizable beginning and ending?

Owners' equity

Which of the following refers to the difference between assets and liabilities and is the company's net worth in stock and retained earnings?

The more the team interacts, the more cohesive the team.

Which of the following statements about team cohesiveness is true?

special purpose

Which of the following teams is created outside the formal organization structure to undertake a project of special importance or creativity?

Reinforcement Theories

Which of the following theories focuses on employee learning of desired work behaviors?

Reinforcement Theory

Which of the following theories focuses on employee learning of desired work behaviors?

decentralized control

Which of the following uses cultural values, traditions, shared beliefs, and trust to generate compliance with organizational goals?

Have preconceptions

Which of these is a not a key to effective listening?

Avoidance learning

Which of these is sometimes called negative reinforcement?

Horizontal communication

Which of these is used for solving intradepartmental problems, interdepartmental coordination, and change initiatives and improvements?

Forming

Which stage of development is a period of orientation and getting acquainted?

social learning theory

Which theory proposes that an individual's motivation can result not just from direct experience of rewards and punishments but also from the person's thoughts and beliefs and his or her observations of other people's behavior?

Expectancy Theory

Which theory suggests that motivation depends on individuals' expectations about their ability to perform tasks and receive desired rewards?

task force

Wyatt has recently been appointed by his boss to a group that includes members from multiple departments. The purpose of this group is to solve customer support issues. Wyatt's group can best be defined as a