Ch 16 Treatment

dream analysis

(insight) manifest and latent (hidden) meanings in dream filled with unconscious

Psychosurgery (biomed therapy)

(last resort) used for OCD or depression cut part of the brain out in frontal lobe, and emotion controlling centers

exposure therapies

*TREATMENT FOR OCD*, behavioral techniques, such as systematic t treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid

systematic desensitization

*USED FOR PHOBIA*, a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias *countercondit.*

Treatment for Schizophrenia

*medications superior* (positive symptoms) social skill training to address deficits

CBT

*positive reinforcement* combined with behavior/ cognitive therapies behavior: start doing fun activities POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT ex: recognize/ change neg. thoughts then start doing positive fun behaviors for depression

EMDR

*shapiro* anxiety treatment to others, she had people imagine traumatic scenes while she triggered eye movements by waving her finger in front of their eyes, supposedly enabling them to unlock and reprocess previously frozen memories repeatedly associating with traumatic memories a safe and reassuring context that provides some emotional distance from the experience—and a robust placebo effect

anxiety heiarchy

*systematic desensitization* 1- rubber snake 100- snake on arm rate each anxiety

norephenine

...

steps of wolpe

1. learn relaxation 2. anxiety heirachy 3. exposure (syst. desensitization)

Check it

Look for evidence that supports or doesnt support ex: evidence where you did something right "u came to appt.."

counterconditioning

a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

positive regard

acceptance

common factors of therapies

address emotional situations, provide interpersonal relationshops, offer an empathetic, trusting, caring relationship

Change it

alternative thought ex: I do somethings wrong and somethings right

eclectic approach

an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

conclusion

average person who recieves therapy (experiemental) is better off at end than 80 percent of people with no treatment (control) have better chance than 4/5 ppl selected on range

aversive conditioning

behavioral , a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol) aversive conditioning is the reverse of systematic desensitization—it seeks to condition an aversion to something the person should avoid. ex: To treat nail biting, one can paint the fingernails with a nasty-tasting nail polish

interpersonal psychotherapy

brief 12-16 session for depression for psychodynamic therapy

rTMS (biomed therapy)

bursts to magnetis waves to brain (like EEG) delivers pulses to brain overlying cortex painless/ occurs *while awake* -no seixures or memory loss used for depression *stimulates activity in left frontal lobe by giving burst of energy*

catch it

catch negative thinking ex: I never do anything right

Treatment for Anxiety

cognitive behavioral desensitization CBT for panic disorder exposure and response prevention for OCD

rational emotive behavior therapy

cognitive therapy that helps people with self defeating attitudes

meta-analysis

combines the results of many diff studies to arrive an overall conclusion

ECT (biomed therapy)

delivers shock to brain IV line for sedative and muscle reactant seizure as a result used for severe depression drawback: seixure, memory loss (*retrograde*) prior to shock, dont know why it works

Drug therapies

depression 3 major classes of antidepressants

token economy

display an appropriate behavior and receive token as a positive reinforcement and can exchange tokens for reward

antianxiety drugs

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

antidepressant drugs

drugs used to treat depression and some anxiety disorders. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters *Prozac, partially blocks the reabsorption and removal of serotonin from synapses*

Cognitive Therapy (Beck)

emphasizes recognizing NEGATIVE THOUGHTS and maladaptive beliefs utilized in broad range of disorders (like drinking abuse)

empathy

feel for them

genuiness

honesty

Client Centered therapy (Rogers)

in between insight and action *humanistic approach* nature of how you treat someone emphasizes SUPPORTIVE and EMOTIONAL climate for clients help them release all good innate potentioal not called patient but *client* therapist is *facilitator* clients control pace

Monoamine (MAOIS)

increase seratonin and nonrep through cutting off the eating up of neurotransmitters drawback: dietary problems, side effects

analysis of transference

insight "you remind me of my father" transferring problems onto other person, or boss or freud unconsciously the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

Psychoanlysis (Freud)

insight oriented make unconscious, conscious *goal emphasizes recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, defenses ex: see things that make you tick and UNDERSTAND them

relaxation training

learn ways to relax; anxiety

specific treatments for specific patients

manualized empirically supported therapies clinical trials, good/relaiable measures, see if reduction of symptoms

SSRI bio

message sent across synaptic gap message recieved and excess neurotransmitters (seratonin) are reabsorbed thru uptake by sending neuron prozac blocks normal reuptake of seratonin and the EXCESS of seratonin is left in synapse

mood stabilizing drugs

mood highs and lows ex: lithium can be a mood stabilizer

SSRIs

most common, better tolerated and less side effects marked improvement in *60-70 percent* of patients ex: prozac and zoloft

do some therapies work better than other?

most studies show EQUALLY EFFECTIVE in aggregate scheme (overall)

Treatment for Depression

no "best" way anti depressants *60-70 percent effective* CBT just as effective combo of cbt and meds best result

80 percent

of untreated people have poorer outcomes than average treated person

biomedical therapy

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology

Trycyclics

seratonin and non rep drawback

exposure and response prevention

start at bottom of heiarchy and stop at each w/ relaxation *OCD*ex: germs, not allowed to wash hands after

pyschopharmacology

study of drug effects on mind and behavior- liberated ppl from hospital confinement

Behavior therapy (Wolpe)

systematic desensitzation reduce phobia of client anxiety through exposure (get rid of avoidance) and counter condit. breaks connection between CS (snake) and CR (anxiety) anxiety response (symp) replaced with relaxation c.r (parasympathetic)

regression toward the mean

tendency of unusal events or emotions to return to their average state, feeling low tends to be followed by more ordinary ones

resilience

the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress after trauma

placebo effect

the power and belief that a treatment is going to be effective

free association

think outloud everything

Light Exposure Therapy

to help with depression from weather or dark seasons Give SAD people a timed daily dose of intense light. Sure enough, people reported they felt better.

psychotherapy

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

biggest risk for suicide is

when you start to improbe and notice change

does psychotherapy work?

yes!