Ch 17 A&P
Identify the components of the cardiovascular system. (Module 17.1A)
heart, blood, and blood vessels
Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?
antibodies
When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect
All of the answers are correct.
________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.
Anemia
The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if
a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.
Which of the following is false concerning monocytes?
about same size as basophils
Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets?
adhere to collagen beneath endothelium
After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect
an increased reticulocyte count.
Which condition would a patient have if she had a depressed hematocrit level? (Module 17.4C)
anemia
A person with Type A blood has
antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
The function of hemoglobin is to
carry oxygen
The function of red blood cells is to
carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term eosinophils?
often elevated in allergic individuals
Platelets are
cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.
Platelets function in all of the following except
dissolving a formed clot.
Which of the following are the most abundant of the formed elements?
erythrocytes
The process of red blood cell production is called
erythropoiesis.
Red cell production is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called
erythropoietin (EPO).
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone ________ which is mostly produced in the ________.
erythropoietin; kidneys
Which of the following plasma proteins function in clotting?
fibrinogen
Which of the following is NOT one of the three phases of hemostasis?
fibrinous
A hematocrit provides information on
formed elements abundance.
The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from all of the following except
hematuria
More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is
hemoglobin.
All of the following blood diseases are caused by pathogens except
hemophilia.
A typical adult hematocrit is
higher in males than females.
Which of the following is not true of basophils?
increased production during parasitic infections
Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by
injections of vitamin B12.
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in all of the following places except the
kidney.
RBCs typically live about 120 days. The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their
lack of nucleus
All of the following are heritable blood disorders except
malaria.
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called
megakaryocytes.
Identify the two types of leukemia. (Module 17.11B)
myeloid leukemia and lymphoid leukemia
Which type of white blood cell would you find in the greatest numbers in an infected cut? (Module 17.9C)
neutrophil
Identify the five types of white blood cells. (Module 17.9A)
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes
Which blood type consists of plasma containing both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?
type O
The average lifespan of a red blood cell is
4 months
The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters.
5 to 6
Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.
55; 92
Why can't a person with type A blood safely receive blood from a person with type B blood? (Module 17.7D)
A person with type A blood will have anti-B antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood.
When blood is fractionated, its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis.
separated
The normal pH of blood is
slightly alkaline.
People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because
their blood lacks A or B antibodies.
Which blood disorder involves a deficiency of Vitamin B12?
pernicious anemia
Which of the following is not a component of plasma?
platelets
An elevated hematocrit value is termed
polycythemia.
Which of the following is not a function of blood?
produce hormones
Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is
recycled to red bone marrow.
In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in
red bone marrow.
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production and the primary site of white blood cell formation is
red bone marrow.
What is the most common blood type in the United States? (Module 17.7B)
O+
Plasma is closest in ionic composition to
interstitial fluid.
A cancer involving neutrophils, eosinophils, or basophils is called a
myeloid leukemia.
During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of
neutrophils.
The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the
neutrophils.
Which blood type contains RBCs with surface antigen B only and plasma that contains only anti-A antibodies?
type B
The most abundant component of plasma is
water
Define hematocrit. (Module 17.2B)
Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements.
What is hematology? (Module 17.4A)
Hematology is the study of blood, blood-producing organs, and blood disorders.
Describe hemoglobin. (Module 17.5B)
Hemoglobin is a protein inside RBCs that binds oxygen.
________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs.
Hemoglobin molecules
Define hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). (Module 17.8A)
Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a condition in which maternal Rh antibodies attack and destroy fetal Rh-positive red blood cells, resulting in anemia.
Define hemostasis. (Module 17.10A)
Hemostasis is the process of stopping bleeding.
Type O+ blood cannot be given to a type __________ recipient.
O-
How does a treatment with anti-Rh antibodies (RhoGAM) prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?
It destroys fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation.
The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes.
RBC count
Describe the functional aspects of RBCs. (Module 17.5A)
RBCs have a large surface area — to — volume ratio,exhibit the ability to form stacks, and they are flexible.
The most common form of hemolytic disease of the newborn happens after a __________ woman has carried a __________ fetus.
Rh-, Rh+
Why is RhoGAM administered to pregnant Rh women ? (Module 17.8B)
RhoGAM contains anti-Rh antibodies, which circulate in the mothers' bloodstream to destroy any fetal RBCs there, thereby preventing the mother from making antibodies against the developing fetus's red blood cells.
Which is true regarding heme?
The binding of an oxygen molecule to the iron in a heme unit is completely reversible.
Which blood type(s) can be safely transfused into a person with type O- blood? (Module 17.7C)
They can receive only O- blood.
What is determined by the surface antigens on RBCs? (Module 17.7A)
blood type
Hematology can detect all of the following except
body temperature.
Erythropoiesis is stimulated when
both oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines.
Which of these descriptions best matches the term lymphocytes?
defend against specific pathogens or toxins
Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except
viscosity about the same as water.
Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?
45 percent