Ch. 19 Heart 2 Review Questions

Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?

170/96 in a 50-year old man

What is the pulse pressure of a person with an arterial blood pressure of 160/100 mm Hg?

60

The normal average blood pressure for a newborn baby is __?__.

90/55

Which of the following would NOT result in the dilation of the feeder arterioles and opening of the precapillary sphincters in systemic capillary beds?

A local increase in histamine

The form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is __?__.

A result of large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea

The term ductus venosus refers to __?__.

A special fetal blood vessel that allows umbilical blood to bypass the liver

Which statement best describes arteries?

All carry blood away from the heart

The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, primarily operate via all but which of the following?

Altering blood volume

The PAIN associated with decreased blood delivery to the myocardium is called __?__.

Angina pectoris

The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called __?__.

Arterioles

Which of the following choices below does NOT involve tissue perfusion?

Blood clotting

Select the correct statement about blood flow.

Blood flow through the entire vascular system is quivalent to cardiac output

Which of the following is the most significant source of blood flow resistance in a normal person?

Blood vessel diameter

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of __?__.

Capillaries

The exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues is a major function of __?__.

Capillaries

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?

Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.

The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following?

Changes in arterial pressure

The most common blood capillary is the __?__.

Continuous capillary

Secondary hypertension may be caused by __?__.

Cushings Syndrome

A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes EXCEPT __?__.

Decreased size of the heart muscle

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?

Emotional state

Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure.

Excess RBC production would increase blood pressure

Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign?

Falling blood pressure

Arteriolar blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following?

Falling blood volume

The external iliac artery empties into the __?__.

Femoral artery

Which of the following is NOT true regarding fenestrated capillaries? Fenestrated capillaries __?__.

Form the blood-brain barrier.

The longest superficial vein in the body is the __?__.

Great saphenous vein

The special circulatory pathway between the gastrointestinal system and the liver is called the __?__.

Hepatic portal system

Which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls?

Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

Peripheral resistance __?__.

Increases as blood viscosity increases

Blood flow to the skin __?__.

Increases when the environmental temperature rises

Cerebral blood flow is regulated by __?__.

Intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms

Brain blood flow autoregulation __?__.

Is abolished when abnormally high CO2 levels persist

In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic pressure __?__.

Is the same as capillary blood pressure

Severely reduced blood flow to a tissue is called __?__.

Ischemia

Which of the following statements regarding the hepatic portal system is FALSE?

It drains blood from the inferior vena cava

What do the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale become at birth?

Ligamentum arteriosum and the fossa ovalis

Which of the following choices below does NOT explain why low capillary pressures are desirable?

Low blood pressure is associated with longer life spans than high blood pressure

Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation?

Lungs

The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the __?__.

Muscular arteries

Which of the following chemicals does NOT help regulate systemic blood pressure?

Nitric Acid

If blood pressure is almost normal in a person who has lost blood, does that mean all of the tissues are receiving adequate blood flow?

No

Aldosterone will __?__.

Promote changes that increase blood pressure

Which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure?

Renal regulation

A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect blood flow to the __?__.

Right side of the head and neck and right upper arm.

Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation?

Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and right atrium

The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is __?__.

Significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius

Modified capillaries that are lined with phagocytes are called __?__.

Sinusoids

What is most responsible for propelling blood in the venous system?

Skeletal muscle contractions and breathing

The velocity of blood flow is __?__.

Slowest in the capillaries due to the large cross-sectional area

Which of the following choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels?

The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter.

Mechanisms that do NOT help regulate blood pressure include __?__.

The dural-sinus reflex

The pulse pressure is __?__.

The systolic minus the diastolic pressure.

Which of the following do NOT influence arterial pulse rate?

The vessel selected to palpate

Histologically, the __?__ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer.

Tunica intima

The endothelium is in which arterial tunic?

Tunica intima

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?

Tunica media

Factors that aid venous return include all EXCEPT __?__.

Urinary output

Which of these is a type of circulatory shock?

Vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone

Which of the following is TRUE about veins?

Veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs