Ch. 2
hieroglyphics
"priest-carvings" or "sacred writings", a complex system of writing that used both pictures and more abstract forms; used by the ancient Egyptians and Mayans
Satrap
"protector of the Kingdom", the governor of a province of the Persian Empire under Darius
cuneiform
"wedge-shaped" a system of writing developed by the Sumerians using a reed stylus to create wedge-saped impressions on a clay tablet
the king of the Chaldeans who rebuilt Babylon was:
Aharamazda
Zoroaster taught all of the following:
Ahuramazda was supreme god, humans had free choice, Ahriman was the evil sprit
the first empire in world history was the what empire?
Akkadian
Which leader of the Persian Empire extended it to become the largest empire the world had yet seen?
Darius
the history of Egypt begins around 3100 bc when:
Menes united upper and lower egypt
around 2340 bc Sumerian city-states were conquered by the Akkadians under their leader:
Sargon
the most famous piece of mesopotamian literature is:
The Epic of Gilgamesh
city states
a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside
the people known as the israelites were:
a distinct group, organized in tribes, who established a united kingdom
dynasty
a family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family
empire
a large political unit, usually under a single leader, that controls many people or territories
pastoral nomad
a person who domesticates animals for food and clothing and moves along regular migratory routes to provide a steady sources of nourishment for those animals
by the time of Darius, the Persian kings had created what?
a standing army known as the Immortals because their numbers were never allowed to fall below ten thousand
bureaucracy
an administrative organization that relies on nonelective officials and regular procedures
what is the importance of the Phoenician alphabet?
basis for english alphabet
The Assyrians were especially known for:
committing atrocities on their captives
patriarchal
dominated by men
the term for a large political unit or state, usually under a single leader, controlling many peoples and territories is?
empire
farming in ancient mesopotamia resulted in an abundance of food, which
enabled civilizations to emerge
Cyrus the Great showed such wisdom and compassion when he conquered Babylon that
everyone accepted him as ruler
Hieratic script, a simplified version of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, as used?
for business transactions, record keeping, and the general needs of daily life
monarchy
government by a sovereign ruler such as a king or queen
theocracy
government by diving authority
polytheistic
having many gods
monotheistic
having one god
Hammurabi is remembered for what?
his law code, a collection of 282 laws
ancient israel was at the height of its power under which king?
king solomon
a theocracy is a government in which:
leaders rule by diving authority
satrapy
one of the 20 provinces into which Darius divided the Persian empire
around 2340 bc Sargon, the leader of the Akkandiand did what?
overran the Sumerian city-states and set up the first empire world history
the mesopotamian religion, which identified nearly 3 thousand gods and goddess, can be described as:
polytheistic
Osiris is an important figure in Egyptian religion who symbolizes:
rebirth
what were the "ten lost tribes"
scattered Israelite tribes
When Cyrus the Great captured Babylon, he
showed remarkable restraint and wisdom
the Hittite Empire was destroyed by:
the "Sea People"
the invention of cuneiform is credited to:
the Sumerians
The Jews believed that God made a contract with them called?
the convenant
pharaoh
the most common of the various titles for ancient Egyptian monarch
the egyptians developed an accurate 365-day calendar by basing their year on what?
the movement of the moon and the star sirius
the development of Egyptian civilization was influenced most closely by:
the nile river
modern historians have divided egyptian history into 3 major periods known as:
the old kingdom, the middle kingdom, and new kingdom
the Sumerians invented all of the following technology:
the sundial, math system based on units of 60, wagon wheel
the religion of judaism differed from the other religions of the time in that it:
was monotheistic, meaning its followers believed in one God, whereas other religions were polytheistic, meaning their followers believed in many gods
which elements contributed to the efficient system of communication that as crucial to sustaining the persian empire:
well maintained roads and way stations that provided food, shelter, and fresh horses for the king's messengers
Unlike the leaders of other religions of the time, Jewish prophets:
were required to burn the sacred texts after they read them
small kingdoms and city-states in western asia emerged:
when the Hittite kingdom ended and Egypt weakened
