Ch. 2 Enterprise Systems

Transaction Data

-data generated during execution of process steps -requires: organizational data, master data, and situational data (who, what, when, and where) Ex: Sales order creation

Organizational Data

-defines the structure of the enterprise in terms of legal or business purposes Ex: legal entities (such as GBI US), plants, storage areas, sales organizations, profit centers, data that rarely changes

Service-Oriented Architecture

-helps link, or integrate, many different client‐server systems together in new and valuable ways -allows the integration of company data into an enterprise system

Work Lists (OLTP)

-list of work/tasks to be completed in a process based on detailed transaction data (ex. delivery due list) -based on: selection parameters (which documents included), and scope-of-list parameters (defines the data to include)

Master Data

-long term data that typically represent entities associated with various processes such as: customer, vendor, material -typically includes: general data (across company codes), financial data (company code specific), and area-specific data (sales, purchasing, plant)

Material Master

-most commonly used master data -data are grouped based on: process (ex. fulfillment) and are viewed differently per process, material type, organization element

SAP NetWeaver

-toolset for composite application and plug-in software -integrates non-SAP applications SAP NetWeaver = Windows SAP Business Suit apps = Microsoft Office apps

Types of Materials

1. ROH 2. HALB 3. FERT 4. HAWA -same material can be used differently depending on which operational level or from plant to plant

Levels of Organizational Data

1. client (entire enterprise with several companies) 2. company code (central for financial accounting, legally independent from other companies, must belong to only one client) 3. plant (factory, warehouse, office, distribution center, etc)

Types of Reporting

1. lists and documents to support processes 2. analytics to support decision making

Types of Data in an Enterprise System

1. organizational data 2. master data 3. transaction data

Components of Information Structures

1. period (show time such as day, week, month) 2. characteristic (organizational data such as plant or master data such as materials) 3. key figures (performance measures such as units sold)

Three Layers of Client-Server Architecture

1. presentation layer: how you interact with the application (using menus, typing, selecting) 2. application layer what the application allows you to do (create formulas, charts, essay) 3. data layer where the application stores your work (stores your work on a hard drive or flash drive)

Components of Service-Oriented Architecture

1. web services: exposes and connects Enterprise Systems through standard input/output interface 2. composite applications: connects multiple applications through web services

ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning: integrates all departments and functions throughout an organization into a system so employees can make enterprise-wide decisions by viewing enterprise-wide information on all business operations

Finished Goods

FERT -produced using other materials -sold to customers (finished bikes)

GBI Organizational data

GBI Enterprise US00 (United States), DE00 (Germany) DL00 (Dallas Plant), SD00 (San Diego Plant), MI00 (Miami Plant), HI00 Heidelberg Plant), HB00 (Hamburg Plant)

Semi-Finished Goods

HALB -produced using other materials -used in production (front wheel assemblies) -never purchased or sold

Trading Goods

HAWA -purchased and resold without additional processing (helmets, kneepads)

OLAP

Informational -provides BA reporting based on aggregated data in information structures In ERP: Information systems (OLAP lite) and information structures In BW: various reporting tools

OLTP

On-Line Transactional Processing -a database with detailed, recent, raw transactional data (e.g., goods receipt)

SAP ERP Modules

Production Planning (PP) Materials Management (MM) Sales and Distribution (SD) Plant Maintenance (PM) Project Systems (PS) Quality Management (QM) Financial Accounting (FI) Management Accounting / Controlling (CO) Human Resources (HR) Business Intelligence (BI)

Raw Material

ROH -purchased (from external vendor) -used in production (frames, wheels, tires) -never sold

Architecture of Enterprise Systems

client-server and service-oriented

Information Structures

summarizes and aggregates transaction data for the user's convenience

Application Suite

the combination of: intra-company application (ERP) inter-company applications (supply chain management (SCM)) (supplier relationship management (SRM)) (product lifecycle management (PLM)) (customer relationship management (CRM))