ch 2 nutrtion

How many calories are provided by 10 grams of carbohydrate?

40 calories Each gram of carbohydrate provides 4 calories. Thus, if you ate 10 grams of carbohydrate, you would get 40 calories (10 grams × 4 calories per gram).

Which of the following factors can influence your food choices?

All of the above Your food choices are influenced by many factors, including your ethnic background, the limited time you may have to devote to food preparation, and your habits and emotions.

The energy in foods is measured in carbohydrates.

False Although carbohydrates in the food you eat provides a source of energy, the energy in your foods is measured in units called kilocalories or calories.

The majority of your daily calories should come from __________.

carbohydrates The majority of your daily calories should come from carbohydrates. Vitamins, minerals, and water do not provide calories. Although fats do contain calories, fats should not be the main source of energy in your diet.

The energy-yielding macronutrient with the highest caloric content per gram is__________.

fat Fat provides nine calories for every gram. In contrast, both carbohydrates and proteins provide four calories per gram whereas alcohol provides seven calories per gram.

Ian is writing a research paper about the role of caffeine on blood pressure. Where is the best place for him to look for reliable resources?

peer-reviewed journal articles Ian should seek out articles that are published in peer-reviewed journals to obtain timely, accurate, and reliable information. Although there are many credible articles in magazines on the Internet and in books, you cannot be assured that the information is timely or scientifically accurate.

If you want accurate nutrition advice, to whom should you turn?

registered dietitian (RD) or registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) A registered dietitian (RD), or the new title registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN), is a nutrition expert who has completed at least a bachelor's degree at an accredited school that has incorporated specific coursework and supervised practice that has been approved by the accrediting body of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and has passed a national exam. Most nurses and doctors have extremely limited educational training in nutrition. Whereas some individuals who call themselves nutritionist may be credible, the term nutritionistis a generic term with no recognized legal or professional meaning.

Nutrients are divided into __________essential categories. .

six There are six nutrient classes: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. These nutrients work together to provide energy, growth, and maintenance of the body and to regulate all body processes.

Nutrition is __________.

the scientific study of how the nutrients and compounds in the foods you eat nourish and affect your body functions and health Nutrition is the study of how nutrients and components in food nourish you and affect your body and your health. The study of genes is called genomics.Physiology is the study of how your body functions. The study of hormones and their function in your body is called endocrinology.

The research design in which neither the scientists nor the subjects can distinguish between the experimental group and the control group is called__________.

double-blinded, placebo-controlled. Double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies are considered the gold standard of research studies because neither the scientists nor the subjects can differentiate between the experimental and the control group. The term peer reviewedrefers to articles that have been examined for accuracy by fellow scientists. Epidemiological research examines populations of people; it never can be used to determine cause and effect. A placebo is a substance that looks like the treatment substance but contains only sugar or some other nonactive ingredient.

Which of these nutrition-related diseases is the leading cause of death in the United States?

heart disease Heart disease remains the leading nutrition-related cause of death in the United States, followed by cancer, stroke, and diabetes.

All of the following are macronutrients that provide energy in the form of calories EXCEPT__________.

minerals Three of the six classes of nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and protein) provide energy in the form of kilocalories. Minerals are essential nutrients that help regulate many body processes, including metabolism. However, minerals do not provide energy or calories

Which of the following nutrients help enzymes function in your body?

vitamins and minerals Certain vitamins and minerals may aid enzymes in your body. Carbohydrates do not aid enzymes, but they do need enzymes to be properly metabolized.

Which of the following do you need to consider when assessing whether or not the nutrition and health information on a website is accurate and current??

who wrote it, when it was written, when it was last updated, and if the information is reviewed by an editorial board of medical and nutrition experts before material is released When reading nutrition and health information on the Internet, it is important to make sure the source is qualified to provide this information. Because you also need to assess if the information is current, you should find out when it was written and updated and if the information is reviewed by an editorial board of medical and nutrition experts before material is released.

An estimated __________ percent of American adults are overweight or obese.

65 An estimated 65 percent of American adults—almost two out of every three—are overweight and of those, approximately 36 percent are considered obese. An estimated 15 percent of children aged 2 to 19 years are overweight and 17 percent of those aged 2 to 19 are considered obese.

Everyone needs to take vitamin and mineral supplements to be healthy.

False Many people can meet their vitamin and mineral needs from a well-balanced diet. Those who cannot should take a supplement in addition to eating a healthy diet.

You decide to have your diet assessed and be counseled by a nutrition professional because you want to lose weight. Which of the following individuals would be the most credible source of information?

a registered dietitian nutritionist Unless the salesperson, personal trainer, your aunt, and your roommate are all registered dietician nutritionists (RDNs), they are not qualified to provide nutrition counseling.

How many calories are in a meal that contains 100 grams of CHO, 20 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat?

570 calories There are 4 calories in each gram of carbohydrate and protein, and there are 9 calories in every gram of fat. The formula to solve this problem is [(100×4) + (20×4) + (10×9)] or 570 calories. In words, the meal contains 400 calories from carbohydrate (100 grams×4 calories/gram), 80 calories from protein (20 grams×4 calories/gram), and 90 calories from fat (10 grams × 9 calories/gram). These nutrient calories added together total 570 calories.

Which of the following is not an overarching goal of Healthy People 2020

increase the use of sustainable resources to reduce global warming Although increasing the use of sustainable resources to reduce global warming is a worthy goal, it is not one of the four overarching Healthy People 2020 goals. Rather, Healthy People 2020focuses on improving the quality of life and health-related behaviors among all individuals through the elimination of health disparities and the creation of social and physical environments that promote good health.

Which of the following nutrients provide energy?

macronutrients Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) provide four, four, and nine calories per gram, respectively. Vitamins, minerals, and water are necessary to get the energy from the macronutrients, but they do not provide any energy, in the form of calories, by themselves.

The first step in the scientific method is to __________.

make observations and ask questions The scientific method begins with scientists observing and asking questions. From this step the scientist developsan hypothesis . The scientists will then test their hypothesis using an experiment. After many experiments from many other investigators confirm their hypothesis, a theory will be developed.

What is meant by "the scientific method"?

A stepwise process used by scientists to generate sound research findings. The scientific method is a stepwise process used by scientists to generate sound research findings. Formulating a hypothesis, or the generation of an idea by scientists based on their observations, is one step in the scientific method.

Which of the following are overarching goals forHealthy People 2020?

All of the above. Correct! All of these are goals for Healthy People 2020.

A well-balanced diet contains__________.

All options are correct. A well-balanced diet needs the right proportion of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), water, and other dietary compounds including phytochemicals and fiber. This ensures an adequate intake of the important nutrients.

In general, the U.S. diet is__________

All options are correct. In general, Americans eat too much added sugar, sodium, and saturated trans fat, and too little fiber, vitamin D, potassium, and calcium . Our low fiber intake is partly a result of our inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables and our overconsumption of refined rather than whole grains.