Ch. 2 Psychological and Mood Disorders

What is a person with Generalized anxiety disorder like?

A consummate worrier who develops a debilitating level of anxiety.

What is the basis for diagnosing mental disorders in the United States?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)

What does psycho-dynamic therapy focus on?

The psychological roots of emotional suffering

Schizophrenia

Mental illness with biological origins characterized by irrational behavior, sever alterations of the senses, and often an inability to function in society.

Chronic mood disorders

disorders that affect how you feel, such as persistent sadness or feelings of euphoria.

What can trigger depression?

serious loss, difficult relationships, financial problems, and pressure to succeed.

Anxiety disorders

Mental illness characterized by persistent feelings of threat and worry in coping with everyday problems.

What is panic disorder characterized by?

The occurrence of panic attacks, an acute anxiety reaction that brings on an intense physical reaction.

How many college students experience a mental health issue each year?

1 in 4

Approximately what percentage of Americans aged 18 or older suffer from a mood disorder

10%

What percentage of college students reported having been diagnosed with or treated for depression in the past 12 months according to the American College Health Association?

10.7%

How long must symptoms persist to be diagnosed with dysthymia?

2 years for adults and 1 year for children

What percent of Americans aged 18 and older suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder?

20% or 1 in 5

How many people do anxiety disorders affect in the US?

21% of adults aged 18-64 and 25% of children 13-17. 12% of undergraduates

What percentage of Americans experience panic attacks?

3% mostly young women

How many adults had a diagnosable mental illness over the past 12 months

43 million

What percentage of the adult population does dysthymia affect?

5%

What percentage of adults diagnosed with a mental disorder have more than one at the same time?

50%

What percentage of students seriously considered attempting suicide

8%

Generalized anxiety disorder

A constant sense of worry that may cause restlessness, difficulty in concentrating, tension, and other symptoms

Dyslexia

A language-based learning disorder that can pose problems for reading, writing, and spelling. Lesser known but eqqually challenging, are dyscalculia ( a learning disability involving math) and dysgraphia ( a learning disability involving writing). People with dysgraphia may have difficult putting letters, numbers, and words on a page into order.

Attention-deficit (hyperactive) disorder (ADD/ADHD)

A learning disability usually associated with school-aged children, but for many, syptoms persist into adulthood. People with this are distracted most of the time and find it hard to pay attention. Organizing, listening to instructions, and remembering details is very difficult.

Dysthymic Disorder (dysthymia)

A less sever syndrome of chronic mild depression, can be harder to recognize than major depression.

E - Engagement

Adopt mindfulness and appreciation for being in the present moment Consider what activities completely absorb you and invest more time in those activities

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Another form of depression. Strikes during winter months and is associated with reduced exposure to sunlight. People suffer from irritability, apathy, carbohydrate craving and weight gain, increased sleep time, and general sadness.

Contributors to mental health problems

Chemical imbalances, drug interactions, trauma, neurological disruptions, and other physical problems

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Collection of symptoms that may occur as a delayed response to a traumatic event or series of events.

P-Positive Emotions

Consider what brings you the most happiness and engage in that behavior often Be open to new experience, be curious, and be kind

M-Meaning

Consider, what is your legacy? Invest time in activities that bring you peace: pray, meditate, or care other

Phobia

Deep and persistent fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that results in a compelling desire to avoid the source of the fear

Mental Illnesses

Disorders that disrupt thinking, feeling, moods, and behaviors, and that impair daily functioning

Factors implicated in SAD development

Disruption in the body's circadian rhythms and changes in levels of the hormone melatonin and the brain chemical serotonin

Symptoms of PTSD

Dissociation, or perceived detachment of the mind from the emotional state or even the body Intrusive recollections of the traumatic event, such as flashbacks, nightmares, and recurrent thoughts or images Acute anxiety or nervousness, in which the person is hyper-aroused, may cry easily, or experiences mood swings, Insomnia and difficulty concentrating Intense physiological reactions, such as shaking or nausea, when something reminds the person of the traumatic event

What can PERMA do for you?

Enhance well-being and employ a more positive outlook

What does behavioral therapy focus on?

Focuses on what we do. Uses the concepts of stimulus, response, and reinforcement to alter behavior patterns.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Form of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors

Bipolar Disorder (manic depression)

Form of mood disorder characterized by alternating mania and depression; also called manic depression.

which anxiety disorder is severe enough to interfere significantly with daily life?

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (hereditary)

People with bipolar disorder often...

Have severe mood swings, ranging from extreme highs(mania) to extreme lows (depression). Sometimes these swings are dramatic and rapid; other times they are slow and gradual.

Risk factors for developing or triggering mental illness

Having other biological relatives with mental illness, malnutrition or exposure to viruses while in the womb, stress ( financial probs, death, divorce, chronic medical conditions), combat, taking psychoactive drugs during adolescence, childhood abuse, lack or friendships.

Factors of panic attacks

Heredity, stress, and certain biochemical factors. Some researchers believe that people who suffer panic attacks are experiencing an overractive fight-or-flight response

Symptoms of panic attacks

Increased respiration, chills, hot flashes, shortness of breath, stomach cramps, chest pain, difficulty, swallowing, and a sense of doom or impending death.

What is the biology of mood disorders related to?

Individual levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.

Self Injury

Intentionally causing injury to one's own body in an attempt to cope with overwhelming negative emotions; also called self-mutilation, self-harm, or non-suicidal self-injury

What does interpersonal therapy focus on?

It is a variation of psychodynamic therapy that focuses on social roles and relationships.

What is the cause of bipolar disorder?

It is unknown. Biological, genetic, and environmental factors, such as drug abuse and stressful or psychologically traumatic events seem to be involved in triggering episodes.

Best treatment for SAD

Light therapy that exposes patients to lamps that simulate sunlight. Other treatments for SAD include diet change, increased exercise, stress-management techniques, sleep restriction, psychotherapy, and prescription medications

Commons signs of Major Depression

Loss of motivation or interest in pleasurable activities Preoccupation with failures and inadequacies; concern over what others are thinking Difficulty concentrating; indecisiveness; memory lapses Loss of sex drive or interest in close interactions with others Fatigue and loss of energy; slow reactions sleeping too much or too little; insomnia feeling agitated, worthless, or hopeless withdrawal from friends and family Diminished or increased appetite Significant weight loss or weight gain Recurring thoughts that life isn't worth living; thoughts of death or suicide

What is included in chronic mood disorders?

Major depression, dysthymic disorder, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affected disorder.

What is the leading cause of disability worldwide for people aged 15-44 that cost $100 billion annually in the US?

Mental Disorders

Personality Disorder

Mental disorder characterized by inflexible patterns of thought and beliefs that lead to socially distressing behavior

Stigma

Negative perception about a group of people or a certain situation or condition

Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD)

Not a learning disability, but a neurodevelopmental disorder. People with ASD will continue to learn and grow intellectually throughout their lives, but struggle to struggle communication and social behavior skills, which impacts their performance in school and work.

R- Relationships

Open yourself to building new relationships and deepen existing ones Offers others social support and accept support that is offered to you

manic phase

People may be overactive, talkative, and have tons of energy;

depression phase

People may experience some or all of the symptoms of major depression

Social anxiety disorder

Phobia characterized by fear and avoidance of social situations; also called social phobia

Signs that a person might be contemplating suicide

Rent loss and a seeming ability to let go of grief History of depression Change in personality, such as sadness, withdrawal, irritability, anxiety, tiredness, indecisiveness, apathy Change in behavior, such as inability to concentrate, loss of interest in classes or work, unexplained demonstration of happiness following a period of depression, or risk-taking behavior Change in sexual interest Change in sleep patterns and/or eating habits A direct statement about committing suicide, such as "I might as well end it all" An indirect statement, such as "You won't have to worry about me anymore" Final preparations such as writing a will, giving away prized possessions, or writing revealing letters or social media posts Preoccupation with themes of death Marked changes in personal appearance

What must happen to be diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

Restlessness or felling keyed up or on edge, being easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating or mind going blank, irritability, muscle tension, and/or sleep disturbances.

What are the main symptoms of depressions

Sadness and Despair

A-Achievement

Set realistic goals and pursue them. If achievement equals skills plus effort, put forth the effort to build strong skills.

Panic attack

Severe anxiety reaction in which a particular situation, often for unknown reasons, causes terror.

What physical health problems can cause a person to become depressed, frustrated, or angry

Stroke, heart attack, cancer, Parkinson's disease, chronic pain, type 2 diabetes, certain medications, alcohol, hormonal disorders,and a wide range of other afflictions.

What is major depression is characterized by?

Symptoms that interfere with work, study, sleep, appetite, relationships, and enjoys of life. These symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years, and vary in intensity.

What does Cognitive therapy focus on?

The impact of thoughts and ideas on feelings and behavior

What causes mood disorders?

The interaction between multiple factors, including biological differences, hormones, inherited traits, life events, and early childhood trauma.

What is the number 1 health problems in the United states?

anxiety disorders

Dysthymic Individuals..

may appear to function well, but they may lack energy or may fatigue easily; be short tempered, overly pessimistic and ornery; or just not feel quite up to par but not have any significant, overt symptoms. People with dysthymia may cycle into major depression over time.

Most common disorders among college students

mood disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD), personality disorders, and schizophrenia.

Examples of anxiety disorders

panic disorders and phobic disorders

Panic attack description

starts abruptly, peaks within 10 minutes, lasts about 30 minutes, and leaves a person tired and drained.

What are anxiety disorders characterized by?

threat and worry