Ch. 20
The temperature of blood is about _________ than measured body temperature.
1°C higher
How many liters of blood does an adult's body contain?
5 liters
What percent of plasma makes up the centrifuged sample of whole blood
55%
If someone's blood pressure were listed 125/75 mmHg, then their pulse pressure would be
55mmHg
Which is the percentage of water in plasma by weight
92%
Which feature permits The compression necessary to pump large volumes of blood out of the ventricles
Arrangement of cardiac muscle in the heart wall
The pulmonary trunk is an ______, receives blood from right ventricle towards the lungs
Artery
Leukocytes releases histamine
Basophil
The superior vena cava is formed by the merging of
Brachiocephalic veins
Which action leads to the closure of the right atrioventricular valve
Contraction of the right ventricle
One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body is too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters a tissue is blood pressure will
Decrease
Vagal tone refieres to the
Decrease of heart rate below its inherent rhythm by parasympathetic stimulation
Which statement is accurate?
Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.
The AV node is located in the
Floor of the right atrium
The carbon dioxide molecule that bind to the hemoglobin molecule are attached to the
Globin units
One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping us to
Increase blood viscosity
Erythrocytes is called a "formed cell" vs a "cell" because
It lacks a nucleus and organelle
Blood moves into and out of the heart chamber because
It moves along it's pressure gradient and that gradient depends on contraction and relaxation during cardiac cycle
Considering the exchange between blood and interstitial fluid at systemic capillaries
More fluid is filtered then reabsorbed
Which of the artery types contain the intern on external elastic laminae
Muscular arteries
Which are the characteristics of leukocytes?
Nucleus, no hemoglobin, may or may not contain granules
The "buffy coat" in centrifuged blood sample =
Platelets + leukocytes
If someone were to decrease their food intake and increase aerobic exercise, they might lose adipose Tissue and conditions are muscles. These changes would also influence their blood vessels, as there would be
Regression of blood vessels in adipose tissue and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle
The fossa ovalis appears just above the opening of the coronary sinus within the
Right atrium
Which heart chambers contain deoxygenated blood?
Right atrium and ventricle
Wrinkled flap like extension more visible anteriorly
Right auricle
Which circuit of the cardiovascular system include the left ventricle and aorta
Systemic circuit
Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidney stomach and pelvic region
Systemic circuit
The papillary muscles attach to the cusp of the atrioventricular valves by means of the
Tendinius cords
The ________ is composed of an endothelium and a subendothelial layer made up of a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.
Tunica externa
To compensate for significant blood loss the ANS triggers
Vasoconstriction and increase in heart rate
Tendons and ligaments have
a low degree of vascularization, therefore low perfusion and slow healing.
An individuals hematocrit would vary with
age, sex, altitude
The smallest most abundant in plasma proteins are
albumins
Norepinephrine is considered a positive chronotropic agent because it causes
an increase in the firing rate of SA node cells
According to the Frank-Starling law
as the volume of blood entering the heart increases, ventricular contractions become more forceful.
In an ECG, the P wave is generated when the
atria depolarize
If someone were to have abnormally low levels of protein in their blood then net filtration pressure would
be higher than normal
The first phase of hemostasis involves
blood vessel constriction
Cardiac output is the amount of blood that is pumped
by a single ventricle in one minute
Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the __________ and the tissues of the body.
capillaries
Valves in veins
cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction
High carbon dioxide levels and low pH in blood of the carotid arteries will stimulate
chemoreceptors to activate the vasomotor center.
The end of the aorta occurs when the vessel bifurcates into the
common iliac arteries
Precapillary sphincters will
control blood flow into the true capillaries cause blood to flow directly from the met arteriole into the post capillary venule open when the tissue needs nutrients close when the tissues needs have been met (all answers correct)
If a patient becomes dehydrated the percentage of plasma in centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely
decrease
The main function of leukocytes is to
defend against pathogens
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported between the blood and interstitial fluid by way of
diffusion from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration
Peripheral resistance is
directly related to vessel length and inversely related to vessel radius
The most numerous of the formed elements are the
erythrocytes
The vessels that supply the lower limbs are the
external iliac arteries
The posterior interventricular sulcus
groove between ventricles on back of heart
What are the characteristics of type o blood?
has anti A antibodies has anti B antibodies has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes
The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called
hematopoiesis
Systolic blood pressure is recorded
in arteries and is the maximal pressure that is recorded during ventricular contraction.
Occlusion of blood vessels tends to lead to
inadequate blood supply and damage to body tissues
Pectinate muscles are found on the:
internal walls of the right and left atria
Old erythrocytes are phagocytize in the
liver and spleen
Which of the artery types contain the internal and external elastic laminae?
muscular arteries
The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle
myocardium
Which leukocytes are granulocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
The femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein when it
passes above the inguinal ligament
Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies
protection
Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries?
pulmonary circuit
Atherosclerosis involves a
sustained increase in resistance that leads to increases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow.
atherosclerosis involves a
sustained increase in resistance that leads to increases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow.
Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?
systemic veins
The function of the coronary sinus is to
take blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium
Blood colloid osmotic pressure is largely due to
the proteins in the blood, and it promotes reabsorption
Blood is correctly classified as a
tissue
In arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the
tunica media
The ______ Is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells
tunica media
Blood pressure is the lowest in
veins
The left renal vein, right renal vein, right suprarrenal vein, right gonadal vein merece directly into the
Inferior vena cava
A portal system
Is one in which blood flow through to capillary beds before being sent back to the heart
What part of a cardiac conduction system is located in the post to your wall of the right atrium adjacent to the entrance of the superior vena cava
SA Node
The Heart valves
permit the passage of blood in one direction
Circulation to the spleen demonstrates a
simple pathway, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.
Circulation to the spleen demonstrates a(n)
simple pathway, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.
congenital hemolytic anemia is
when destruction of erythrocytes is more rapid than normal
