CH 20 review

A pharmaceutical company is developing a new antibacterial medication that is safe for use in humans. Which of the following would NOT be a good target for the medication?

80S ribosome functioning

Please select the antifungal agents from the choices below.

Aminoglycosides, Macrolide polyenes, Azoles, Echinocandins, Flucytosine

Please choose the statement that correctly explains how an antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis can be selective.

Antibiotics bind to the 70S bacterial ribosomes but not to the 80S eukaryotic ribosomes.

Which of the following statements about antibiotics is FALSE?

Antibiotics prevent capsid formation during viral replication.

Please choose the class of antimicrobials that would have the most selective toxicity.

Antimicrobials that inhibit cell wall synthesis

Which of the following antimicrobials target the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane?

Ethambuto, Daptomycin

Which of the following antimicrobials are used to treat TB (tuberculosis) infections?

Ethambutol, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide

Identify the two major mechanisms by which microbes can acquire resistance to antimicrobial medications.

Gene transfer, Spontaneous mutation

Changing an antibiotic so that it could pass through a porin protein would likely cause

Gram-negative cells to become sensitive to that medication.

Consider the figure below, which shows MIC results for organism C against antibiotic P. The organism does not grow in the tube containing 16 (mu)g/mL of the antibiotic, and yet it might still be considered resistant to the medication. Why is this so?

It is possible that the maximum safe level of this medication in vivo is less than the MIC, so the antibiotic could not be used at the indicated concentration.

Few medications are effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Please check all the statements explaining why this situation exists

M. tuberculosis has a slow generation time, The cell wall of M. tuberculosis prevents entry of medications, The cell wall of M. tuberculosis prevents entry of medications.

Explain the difference between MIC and MBC.

MIC is the minimum dose of an antimicrobial medication that prevents the growth of an organism, while MBC is the minimum dose of that medication that kills the organism.

Which of the following statements about antibiotic resistance is FALSE?

MRSA is generally resistant to more antibiotics than VRSA

Please select all the TRUE statements about developing new antimicrobial medications.

Most recently approved new medications are chemically modified versions of existing medications, Developing a new antimicobial medication is financially risky for a company because target microbes may develop resistance

A patient has meningococcal meningitis, an acute life-threatening disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. Which type of antibiotic would be the most appropriate to prescribe?

Narrow-spectrum, high therapeutic index

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Nevirapine - disrupts viral protein synthesis

Antibiotics that target which of the following would be effective against viruses?

None of the choices.

Which of the following matches about antibiotic resistance is INCORRECT?

Penicillin binding protein - destroys penicillin

Which of the following medications inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis?

Penicillin, Vancomycin, Bacitracin

Please select the four major mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance.

Please select the four major mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, Decreased uptake of the medications Altered target site, such that the antibiotic can no longer bind to the target Producing drug-inactivating enzyme(s)

Please select all the different mechanisms by which antiviral medications work.

Preventing entry of the virus into the host cell, Preventing the maturation of viral particles, Blocking viral nucleic acid synthesis

Which of the following antimicrobial medications inhibit nucleic acid synthesis in bacteria?

Rifamycins, Metronidazole, Fluoroquinolones

A patient is diagnosed with "walking pneumonia," caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Why should this patient NOT be given penicillin?

Some bacteria, such as Mycoplasma species, are intrinsically resistant to penicillin.

Which of the following microbes have strains (called MRSA) that are highly resistant to many (beta)-lactam medications?

Staphylococcus aureus

Which step(s) in the figure below is/are targeted by antiviral medications such as acyclovir, ribavirin, and AZT?

Step 3

Which of the following microbes, a leading cause of pneumonia in the United States, is of growing concern due to increased resistance to penicillin?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Which of the following antimicrobials inhibit bacterial metabolic pathways such as folate biosynthesis?

Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim

What would be the effect of using a medication combination where one medication is bacteriostatic and the other is bactericidal for actively dividing cells only?

The medications would interfere with each other and become less effective.

What are the advantages of using commercial modifications of conventional susceptibility testing methods?

They are less labor-intensive. They can be automated, which improves speed and data analysis, Results can be obtained in as few as 4 hours.

Which of the statements about combination therapy is FALSE?

Using two medications is always twice as effective as using just one.

Which of the following pairs is INCORRECT?

Which of the following pairs is INCORRECT?

Routine antimicrobial treatment of tuberculosis involves taking

two or more medications for at least 6 months.