CH-2010 Quizzes
Which molecule has an incomplete octet? (A) BH3 (B) CH4 (C) NH3 (D) OH
(A) BH3
What is the main difference between substitution and elimination reactions, other than the obvious formation of the double bonds? (A) Lewis bases in substitution reactions, Brønsted-Lowry in eliminations (B) Anionic reactants in substitution reactions, neutral in eliminations (C) No leaving groups in elimination reactions (D) No transition states in elimination reactions
(A) Lewis bases in substitution reactions, Brønsted-Lowry in eliminations
What does a Claisen Condensation do? (A) Make a new C-C bond and kicks out an RO- (B) Make a new C=C double bond and kicks out an RO- (C) Make a new C=O double and kicks out an RO- (D) Makes a new C-O bond and kicks out an RO-
(A) Make a new C-C bond and kicks out an RO-
Which statement is correct? (A) Molecules can be made up of functional groups (B) Functional groups are made up of isomers (C) Skeletal structures have isomers, but Kekulé structures don't (D) None of the above
(A) Molecules can be made up of functional groups
Why does an alkene form an electrophile after it reacts with an electrophile? (A) It doesn't: If you react with an electrophile then you are a nucleophile (B) If you react a neutral molecule with a positive charge then it becomes positive, and positively charged molecules are electrophiles (C) It doesn't: If you react with an electrophile you become a nucleophile (D) If you react a nucleophile with an electrophile then it always forms an electrophile, that is not just true for alkenes
(B) If you react a neutral molecule with a positive charge then it becomes positive, and positively charged molecules are electrophiles
What does an Aldol Condensation do? (A) Make a new C-O bond and a new C-C bond (B) Make a new C=C double bond next to an existing C=O double bond (C) Make a new C=O double bond next to an existing C=C double bond (D) Make a new C=O double bond from a different C=O double bond
(B) Make a new C=C double bond next to an existing C=O double bond
What drives energy release in the cell? (A) The condensation of ADP and a phosphate to ATP (B) Moving electrons from low EN atoms to high EN atoms (C) Interconversion between glucose and fructose (D) Reduction of glucose by oxidative phosphorylation
(B) Moving electrons from low EN atoms to high EN atoms
I almost put a question on Test 2, but I figured nobody remembers.... So, for: Ka HA ⇌ H⁺ + A⁻ A) The acid will be protonated if (-log of the Ka) < pH (B) The acid will be protonated if (-log of the Ka) > pH (C) The acid will be protonated if the Ka < pH (D) The acid will be protonated if the Ka = pH
(B) The acid will be protonated if (-log of the Ka) > pH
What is the relationship between charges in ionic compounds and oxidation states in covalent compounds? (A) They are both the exact same thing. (B) They both tell you where the electrons spend more time. Electrons want to spend more time on atoms with higher electronegativity. (C) They both violate Coulomb's Law from physics. (D) None of the above
(B) They both tell you where the electrons spend more time. Electrons
You've seen water react in the past 3 weeks several times. When/why? (A) When you heat up the reaction (B) When you form a carbocation (C) When you are making polymers (D) When it reacts as a base instead of a nucleophile
(B) When you form a carbocation
Which of the concepts is least important in this class? (A) Octet rule (B) Electronegativity (C) Bond angles (D) Oxidation states
(C) Bond angles
Which statement is incorrect regarding SN1 & SN2? (A) SN2 reactions mostly involve anionic reactants (B) SN1 reactions mostly involve neutral reactants (C) Both reactions utilize a Lewis base (= nucleophile) (D) SN2 reactions go through an intermediate
(C) Both reactions utilize a Lewis base (= nucleophile)
Which of these can't act as a Brønsted-Lowry base? (A) Cl‒ (B) OH‒ (C) H3O+ (D) H2O
(C) H3O+
How would you recognize Claised-derived natural products? (A) Lots of C=O, typically in long stretches separated by CH2 (B) Lots of C-OH, typically in long stretches separated by CH2 (C) Lots of C=C, typically in long stretches (D) All of the above
(C) Lots of C=C, typically in long stretches
If this reaction favors the products, what must be true? HN3 + NaNH2 NaN3 + NH3 (A) HN3 and NH3 are the same molecule (B) NH3 has a higher Ka than HN3 (C) NH3 has a higher pKa than HN3
(C) NH3 has a higher pKa than HN3
Alkenes are inherently reactive because....? (A) The σ bonds are unstable because their electrons are between nuclei (B) They make strong electrophiles (C) The electrons in π bonds are not as stable as in σ bonds (D) They are always looking to react with nucleophiles
(C) The electrons in π bonds are not as stable as in σ bonds
Which of these would be the best electrophile for an Sn1 reaction? CH₃BR (CH₃)₃CBr (CH₃)₃CO⁻ CH₃O⁻
(CH₃)₃CBr
How would you recognize Aldol reaction natural products? (A) Lots of C-C single bonds with C=O next to them (B) Lots of C=C double bonds with C-OH next to them (C) Lots of six membered rings with C-OH on them (D) All of the above
(D) All of the above
Which best describes a strong base? (A) It will have a conjugate acid with a low pKa (B) It cannot have a conjugate acid because it's a strong base (C) It must have a high pKa (D) It will have a conjugate acid with a high pKa
(D) It will have a conjugate acid with a high pKa
Which chemotherapy molecule does have halogen functional group? Taxol Doxorubicin Bendamustine Imatinib None of these have a carboxylic acid
Bendamustine
Which pesticide contains a triple bond?
Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2-carbonitrile
How can you favor E1 conditions?
Block Sn2
If the anomeric carbon is still accessible, then: (A) Another sugar can be added (B) It is considered a reducing sugar
Both
What does electrophilic addition of alkenes do? Make a new C=C double bond next to an existing C=O double bond Make a C=C double bond Break open a C=C double bond to add two new substituents Make a new C-C bond with an R-O⁻ leaving group Replaces a hydrogen on a benzene ring
Break open a C=C double bond to add two new substituents
What does Claisen Condensation do? Make a new C=C double bond next to an existing C=O double bond Make a C=C double bond Break open a C=C double bond to add two new substituents Make a new C-C bond with an R-O⁻ leaving group Replaces a hydrogen on a benzene ring
Make a new C-C bond with an R-O⁻ leaving group
What does an elimination reaction do? Make a new C=C double bond next to an existing C=O double bond Make a C=C double bond Break open a C=C double bond to add two new substituents Make a new C-C bond with an R-O⁻ leaving group Replaces a hydrogen on a benzene ring
Make a C=C double bond
What doesn't an Aldol condensation do? A) Kick out a water molecule B) Make a carbon-carbon double bond C) Make a carbon-oxygen double bond D) Replace two C-H bonds from one molecule E) Aldol condensation does all of the above things
Make a carbon-oxygen double bond
How can you favor E2 over Sn2?
Have a better leaving group.
In this reaction what is the Bronsted-Lowry acid? HO⁻ + H₃C-I
H₃C-I
Why does an alkene from an electrophile after it reacts with the electrophile?
If you have a neutral molecule with a positive charge then it becomes positive, and positively charged molecules are electrophiles
Which pesticide doesn't have a halogen functional group? Imazapyr Nitisinone 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid Simazine All of these have a halogen
Imazapyr
Which trends from SEHRI do you need to use to figure out which H is most acidic between: H2N(CH2)2NH2, H2N(CH2)2OH, HO(CH2)2OH
Inductive effects and EN
Alliin, undoubtally an isomer of ALLIN is a precuroser to the smell of fresh garlic. What must be true about its chirality?
It can have enantiomers or diastereomers
If an acid is 90% deprotonated at pH 5, then...
It will be 50:50 deprotonated at pH 4
What reagent will best convert propanol to propionic acid (google the names for structures)? A) KMnO4 B) NaBH4 C) NaOH D) Naclo E) None of the above
KMnO4
Which pesticide contains an ester? 4'-Aminopropiphenone 5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2-carbonitrile Farinomalein
5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone
The pKa of HCN is 9 At what pH will there be 99% HCN and 1% CN-? (A) 9 (B) 7 (C) 11 (D) 13
7
Which best describes this molecule? BrCH₂CH₃
A strong electrophile (SN2/E2) Absolutely! The partial positive charge on the carbon would attract a nucleophile, and since it is a primary carbon (only one C-C bond) next to a primary carbon (only once C-C bond) then there is no steric hindrance on the electrophile. If reacted with a non-sterically hindered Lewis base then SN2 will happen. If reacted with a sterically hindered base (e.g., tert-butoxide) then E2 will happen.
Which best describes this molecule? Cl /\/\/ | | \/
A strong electrophile (SN2/E2) Absolutely! The partial positive charge on the carbon would attract a nucleophile, and since it is a primary carbon (only one C-C bond) next to a secondary carbon (only two C-C bonds) then there is no steric hindrance on the electrophile. If reacted with a non-sterically hindered Lewis base then SN2 will happen. If reacted with a sterically hindered base (e.g., tert-butoxide) then E2 will happen.
Which best describes this molecule? CH₃I
A strong electrophile (SN2/E2) Absolutely! This is as unhindered (unblocked) of an electrophile as you can get. The only thing surrounding the carbon with the leaving group are three little hydrogens. This molecules LOVES SN2.
Which best describes this molecule? CH₃CH₂O⁻
A strong nucleophile/base (typically SN2/E2) Absolutely! This molecule (ethoxide) has a negative charge on an oxygen bound to an aliphatic carbon. That is both a strong nucleophile (Lewis base) and a strong base (Bronsted-Lowry, i.e., pKa of conjugate acid of ~15 or higher). So whether it will react via SN2 or E2 depends on what it is reacting with. If the electrophile is not hindered (typically primary or sometimes secondary) it will be SN2, otherwise if the electrophile is hindered (typically tertiary or sometimes secondary) then it will be E2.
Which best describes this molecule? NaOMe
A strong nucleophile/base (typically SN2/E2) Absolutely. Once you cross out the sodium, you are left with a negative charge on an oxygen bound to an aliphatic carbon. That is both a strong nucleophile (Lewis base) and a strong base (Bronsted-Lowry, i.e., pKa of conjugate acid of ~15 or higher). So whether it will react via SN2 or E2 depends on what it is reacting with. If the electrophile is not hindered (typically primary or sometimes secondary) it will be SN2, otherwise if the electrophile is hindered (typically tertiary or sometimes secondary) then it will be E2.
Which would make an alkene suitable for cationic polymerization?
A substituent with a large 8- nearby
Which would make an alkene suitable for anionic polymerization?
A substituent with large 8+ nearby
Which of these statements must be true? A transition state is highest in energy Products are higher in energy than starting materials Starting materials are higher in energy than products Intermediates are higher in energy than transition states
A transition state is highest in energy
Which best describes this molecule? /\/ | | \/\Br
A weak electrophile (SN1/E2) Absolutely! The electrophilic carbon is a secondary carbon (two carbon-carbon bonds). A secondary carbon is typically capable of SN2 reactions, but being next to a tertiary carbon (the 2 o'clock carbon in the ring) makes that even harder. So you're left with only SN1.
Which best describes this molecule? Cl /\|/ | | \/
A weak electrophile (SN1/E2) Absolutely! This molecule is an electrophile, but a tertiary one (the carbon bound to the leaving group has three carbon-carbon bonds). So a nucleophile can't get in unless the leaving group leaves and forms a carbocation first (that's an SN1 reaction). Alternatively, a strong base would force an E2 reaction.
Which best describes this molecule? Cl | /\/\ | | \/
A weak electrophile (SN1/E2) Absolutely! This molecule is an electrophile, but it is a secondary electrophile (the carbon bound to the leaving group has two carbon-carbon bonds) next to a tertiary carbon (three carbon-carbon bonds). So a nucleophile can't get in unless the leaving group leaves and forms a carbocation first (that's an SN1 reaction). Alternatively, a strong base would force an E2 reaction.
Which best describes this molecule? Cl | /\|/\/ | | \/
A weak electrophile (SN1/E2) Absolutely. The carbon has a strong partial positive charge, but it is a tertiary carbon and next to a quaternary carbon, so it is too hindered to react via SN2, and will only ever react via SN1.
Which best describes this molecule? | - - I |
A weak electrophile (SN1/E2) As you can see below, this molecule has a partial positive charge on the central carbon which would make it electrophilic. But that carbon is tertiary (3 C-C bonds) and is therefore very hindered. So a nucleophile can't get in for an SN2 reaction.
Which best describes this molecule? /\OH
A weak nucleophile (SN1) Absolutely! There is a partial negative charge on the oxygen, meaning it can act as nucleophile, but very very reluctantly. It is a formally neutral oxygen and behaves like water--will only react once a carbocation is formed.
Which chemotherapy molecule does have a carboxylic acid?
Bendamustine
This reaction favors....? CH3CO2H + CH3O‒ CH3CO2CH3 + OH‒ (A) The starting materials (B) The products (C) Starting materials and products approximately 50:50 (D) None of the options above
(D) None of the options above
What is being oxidized in this reaction? ̶ NADH + ADP + Phosphate + O2 + H+ NAD+ + ATP + H2O (A) ADP (B) ATP (C) The phosphorus in ADP but not the whole molecule (D) NADH
(D)NADH
Which functional group does not contain a carbonyl? (Google it!) (A) Hydroxamate (example: option (C) in the second question) (B) Ketone (C) Amide (D) Aldehyde (E) All of the above contain a carbonyl
(E) All of the above contain a carbonyl
What is the relationship between H2O and OH-?
- H2O is the conjugate acid of OH- - H2O deprotenates to form OH-
What about this makes it reactive for Sn2? CH₃O⁻ The negative charge It's small (sterically unhindered) The oxygen A & B All of the above
A & B
What is true about pKa and pH
A functional group will lose its H+ at a ph > pKa
An electrophile is...
A lewis acid
A nucleophile is...
A lewis base Often negative, or is a double bond
Which best describes this molecule? O || / \ONa
A moderate nucleophile (SN2/SN1) Absolutely! Acetate (what you're left with once you once you cross out the Download thesodium) is the conjugate base of acetic acid. Since acetic acid is a pretty decent acid, acetate is not a strong base. It is an oxygen with a negative charge, but it's not an aliphatic carbon bound to it. The pKa of its conjugate acid is <5, instead of the ~15 or higher needed to do E2. Since it still has a negative charge it's a pretty good nucleophile. If it reacts with a primary electrophile (one carbon-carbon bond on the carbon with the leaving group) it will definitely do SN2, if it reacts with a tertiary electrophile (3 C-C bonds on the carbon with the leaving group) it will do SN1. Secondary can do both depending on the conditions.
Which best describes this molecule? KCN
A moderate nucleophile (SN2/SN1) Absolutely! After you cross out the potassium you're left with cyanide. Since it is not an anionic oxygen bound to an aliphatic carbon (i.e., pKa of conjugate acid of ~15 or higher), it is not strong enough to act as a base in most E2 reactions. But it is still a good nucleophile. If given a primary electrophile it will react primarily via SN2, if given a tertiary (hindered) electrophile it will react primarily via SN1.
Which best describes this molecule LiOH?
A moderate nucleophile (SN2/SN1) Absolutely. Once you cross out the lithium, you are left with a negative charge on an oxygen. That is both a strong nucleophile (Lewis base) and a strong base (Bronsted-Lowry). So whether it will react via SN2 or E2 depends on what it is reacting with. If the electrophile is not hindered (typically primary or sometimes secondary) it will be SN2, otherwise if the electrophile is hindered (typically tertiary or sometimes secondary) then it will be E2.
What is false about a nucleophile? A nucleophile is a lewis base A nucleophile is Bronsted-Lowry base A nucleophile is highly reactive Mechanistic arrows start at nucleophiles All of the above are correct
A nucleophile is highly reactive
Which functional group is NOT present in cetirizine (Zyrtec®) Alcohol Ether Carboxylic acid Amine
Alcohol
What functional group is NOT present in heparan sulfate? Alcohol Ether Alkene Carboxylic Acid
Alkene
Which conditions would be best for a chain growth polymer?
Alkene and a little bit of electrophile
Which sugar has an alcohol functional group (in its linear form)? Fructose Glucose Xylitol All of the above None of the above
All of the above
An electrophile can best be described as...
An electron pair acceptor Lewis acid
For an alkene to polymerize easily via anionic polymerization...
Atoms adjacent to the carboanion should have a o+
For an alkene to polymerize easily via cationic polymerization...
Atoms adjacent to the carbocation should have a o-
What's the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
Base: HNO3 Acid: H2SO4 Conjugate base: HSO4- Conjugate Acid: H2NO3+
In the reaction of adipoyl dhloride and hexamethylene diamine that makes Nylon 66, which atom is the electrophile?
C
Which flavor molecule does not have an ether functional group?
Carvone
Which would be the most acidic? CH3CH2OH CH3CH2NH CH3CH2Br CH3CH2CH3 They would all be identical
CH3CH2OH
Which nitrogen would have a positive charge on it? CH₃NH₂ CH₃NO₂ HN(CH₃)₂ N₂
CH₃NO₂
Which of these would be the best nucleophile for an Sn2 reaction? CH₃BR (CH₃)₃CBr (CH₃)₃CO⁻ CH₃O⁻
CH₃O⁻
Which diatomic molecule has an oxidation state that is not 0 for its two atoms? (A) O₂ (B) N₂ (C) CO (D) F₂
CO
Which of these statements must be true? A transition state is lowest in energy Catalysts lower the energy of the transition state and/or catalysts Catalysts lower the energy of the products Intermediates are higher in energy than transition states
Catalysts lower the energy of the transition state and/or catalysts
What is the major difference between chain growth polymers and step growth polymers? Both polymers polymerize alkenes Both polymers polymerize carbonyls Chain growth polymers polymerize alkenes, step growth polymers polymerize carbonyls Chain growth polymers polymerize carbonyls, step growth polymers polymerize alkenes
Chain growth polymers polymerize alkenes, step growth polymers polymerize carbonyls
What doesn't a Claisen condensation do? A) Kick out a water or alcohol molecule B) Make a carbon-carbon single bond C) Create a molecule with two C=0 that aren't adjacent D) Involve a keto-enol equilibrium E) Claisen condensation does all of the above things
Claisen condensation does all of the above things
Which anxiety medication doesn't have a five-membered ring in its structure?
Clomipamine
Which of these reagents leads to an anti addition with alkenes? OsO₄ HCl H₂O, H₂SO₄ Cl₂ O₃ followed by (CH₃)₂S
Cl₂
Which anxiety medication does have an alcohol functional group?
Desvenlafaxine
Which of these statements is correct? Sn1 and Sn2 reactions cannot an intermediate E1 and E2 reactions cannot have an intermediate E1 and E2 reactions have a Bronsted-Lowry base E2 and E1 reactions have a sterically unhindered reactant None of the above statements is correct
E1 and E2 reactions have a Bronsted-Lowry base
Which of these statements is correct? A) Sn1 reactions but not Sn2 reactions create and break a bond to carbon B) Sn2 and E2 reactions create a carbon-carbon double bond C)E1 and E2 reactions must have a Lewis base D) The alkene in electrophilic additions of alkenes is the electrophile E) None of the above statements is correct
E1 and E2 reactions must have a Lewis base
Mechanistic arrows always show... A) Electron movement from nucleophil; to electrophiles B) Proton transfer from Lewis bases to Lewis acids C) Proton transfer from Bronsted-Lowry bases to Bronsted-Lowry acids D) Atom movement when new bonds are being made
Electron movement away from nucleophiles to electrophiles
Which would make an alkene suitable for cationic, anionic, or radical polymerization?
Electronegativity
Which pairs of sugars are isomers? Xylitol/ Erythritol Xylitol/ Xylose Threose/ Erythritol Erythrulose/ Threose
Erythrulose/ Threose
What fragrence molecule has an ether functional group? Estragole Cinnamaldehyde Limonene Citronellol None of these have an ether
Estragole
Which pesticide contains a carboxylic acid? 4'-Aminopropiphenone 5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2-carbonitrile Farinomalein
Farinomalein
Which sugar has a ketone functional group (in its linear form)? Fructose Glucose Xylitol All of the above None of the above
Fructose
Which sugar has an aldehyde functional group (in its linear form)? Fructose Glucose Xylitol All of the above None of the above
Glucose
Which would be the most acidic? (SERN) CH4 NH3 H2O H2S They would be identical
H2S
Which would have the most stable conjugate base? CH4 NH3 H2O H2S They would be identical
H2S
If the pKa of two generic acids is: HA1: pKa 8 HA2: pKa 12
HA1 but not HA2 will be mostly deprotonated at pH 10
Which of these reagents indicates acidic conditions? (A) NaCl (B) NaOH (C) HCl (D) NaN₃
HCl
Which of these reagents indicates acidic conditions? NaCl NaOH HCl NaN₃
HCl NaOH: Basic NaCl & NaN₃: Neutral
What does an Adol condensation do? Make a new C=C double bond next to an existing C=O double bond Make a C=C double bond Break open a C=C double bond to add two new substituents Make a new C-C bond with an R-O⁻ leaving group Replaces a hydrogen on a benzene ring
Make a new C=C double bond next to an existing C=O double bond
In the reaction of terephtaloyl chloride and phenylene diamine that makes Kevlar, which atom is the nucleophile?
N
What is the relationship between NH₃ and NH₂⁻? NH₃ is the conjugate base of NH₂⁻ NH₂⁻ is the conjugate acid of NH₃ NH₃ deprotonates to form NH₂⁻ None of the above
NH₃ deprotonates to form NH₂⁻
What reagent will best convert cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol (google the names for structures if needed)? A) KMnO4 B) NaBH4 C) NaOH D) Naclo E) None of the above
NaBH4
Which of these reagents indicates neutralish conditions? (A) NaCl (B) NaOH (C) HCl (D) NaN₃
NaCl NaN₃
Which of these reagents indicates basic conditions? (A) NaCl (B) NaOH (C) HCl (D) NaN₃
NaOH
Which of these will always have a positive charge? Oxygen with one bond Oxygen with two bonds Nitrogen with two bonds Nitrogen with three bonds Nitrogen with four bonds
Nitrogen with four bonds
Which of these will always have no lone pairs? Oxygen with one bond Oxygen with two bonds Nitrogen with two bonds Nitrogen with three bonds Nitrogen with four bonds
Nitrogen with four bonds
Which polymer has a benzene (aromatic) functional group? Nomex Polyvinyl acetate Rubber Polyacrylate Polyethylene glycol
Nomex
A catalyst would be most likely to... Bind the starting material strongly Bind the transition state strongly Bind the product strongly None of the above
None of the above
In this reaction what is the Bronsted-Lowry base? HO⁻ + H₃C-I
None of the above
What artificial sweetener has an amide functional group? Xylitol Stevia Sucralose Acesulfame None of the above
None of the above
Which best describes this molecule? | - -⁺OH₂ |
None of the above Absolutely! This molecule is set up to do one thing: lose water and then form a carbocation (a great electrophile). Perfect for starting E1.
An atom being that is being reduced will have... Fewer bonds Fewer lone pairs Fewer bonds to less electronegative atoms None of the above is true
None of the above is true
Which of these statements is correct? Sn1 and Sn2 reactions cannot an intermediate Sn1 and Sn2 reactions must have at least one intermediate Only E1 reactions must have a Bronsted-Lowry Base Only Sn2 reactions must have a sterically unhindered reactant None of the above statements is correct
Only Sn2 reactions must have a sterically unhindered reactant
Which best describes this molecule? | - -O⁻ |
Only a Strong Base (E2) Absolutely! Tert-butoxide is the poster-child for E2 reactions. It is a strong base (negative charged oxygen bound to aliphatic carbon, i.e., pKa of conjugate acid of 15 or greater), and while unhindered versions can react as nucleophiles, the carbon to which the oxygen is bound is tertiary--it has three carbon-carbon bonds (and 9 carbon-hydrogen bonds around those). It is too hindered to do anything but pick up tiny little protons.
Which best describes this molecule? (CH₃)₃COK
Only a strong base (E2) Absolutely! Tert-butoxide is the poster-child for E2 reactions. It is a strong base (negative charged oxygen bound to aliphatic carbon, i.e., pKa of conjugate acid of 15 or greater), and while unhindered versions can react as nucleophiles, the carbon to which the oxygen is bound is tertiary--it has three carbon-carbon bonds (and 9 carbon-hydrogen bonds around those). It is too hindered to do anything but pick up tiny little protons.
Which of these reagents leads to a syn addition with alkenes? OsO₄ HCl H₂O, H₂SO₄ Br₂ O₃ followed by (CH₃)₂S
OsO₄
Which of these will always have two lone pairs? Oxygen with one bond Oxygen with two bonds Nitrogen with two bonds Nitrogen with three bonds Nitrogen with four bonds
Oxygen with two bonds
Which of these will always have two lone pairs? Oxygen with one bond Oxygen with two bonds Oxygen with three bonds Nitrogen with three bonds Nitrogen with four bonds
Oxygen with two bonds
Which pesticide does have a halogen functional group? Imazapyr Picloram Cycloheximide Piperonyl butoxide None of these have a halogen
Picloram
Which polymer has a carboxylic acid functional group? Nomex Polyvinyl acetate Rubber Polyacrylate Polyethylene glycol
Polyacrylate
Which statement below is true for this generic reaction? KX + HY ⇌ Hx + KY Products will be favored if pKa of HX is lower than pKa of HY Products will be favored if pKa of HX is higher than pKa of HY Products will be favored if pKa of KX is higher than pKa of KY
Products will be favored if pKa of HX is higher than pKa of HY
Which polymer has an alkene functional group? Nomex Polyvinyl acetate Rubber Polyacrylate Polyethylene glycol
Rubber
Which trend(s) from SEHRI do you need to use to figure out which H is more acidic between: CHA, NH3, H20, H25
Size and EN
Which of these statements is correct? Sn1 and E1 reactions must have at least one intermediate Sn1 and Sn2 reactions must have at least one intermediate Sn2 and E2 reactions must have a Bronsted-Lowry base E2 and E1 reactions must have a sterically unhindered reactant None of the above statements is correct
Sn1 and E1 reactions must have at least one intermediate
Which of these statements is correct? A) Sn1 reactions but not Sn2 reactions create and break a bond to carbon B) E1 and E2 reactions create a carbon-carbon double bond C)Sn2 and E2 reactions must have a Lewis base D) The alkene in electrophilic additions of alkenes is the electrophile E) None of the above statements is correct
Sn1 reactions but not Sn2 reactions create and break a bond to carbon?
Which of these statements is correct? A) Sn1 and Sn2 reactions create and break a bond to carbon B) Sn2 and E2 reactions create a carbon-carbon double bond C) Sn2 and E2 reactions must have a Lewis base D) The alkene in electrophilic additions of alkenes is the electrophile E) None of the above statements is correct
Sn2 and E2 reactions create a carbon-carbon double bond Sn2 and E2 reactions must have a Lewis base
This reaction favors....? CH3C(O)Cl + CH3ONa CH3C(O)OCH3 + NaCl (A) The starting materials (B) The products (C) Starting materials and products approximately 50:50 (D) None of the options above
Starting materials and products approximately 50:50
Which chemotherapy molecule does not have an amine functional group? Taxol Doxorubicin Bendamustine Imatinib All of the above have an amine
Taxol
In this reaction what is the Lewis acid? HO⁻ + H₃C-I
The C
In this reaction what is the electrophile? HO⁻ + H₃C-I
The C
In this reaction what is the Lewis base? HO⁻ + H₃C-I
The OH
In this reaction what is the nucleophile? HO⁻ + H₃C-I
The OH
Electronegativity is...
The ability of an atom to stabilize electrons
How can you tell for sure if an oxygen bonded to carbon will have a positive formal charge?
The atom has 3 bonds and a lone pair
How can you tell for sure if a nitrogen bonded to a carbon will have a positive formal charge?
The atom has 4 bonds and no lone pairs?
How can you tell for sure if an atom bonded to a carbon will have a negative partial charge
The atom has a higher electronegativity
What is true about Allicin, the main ingredient in the smell of garlic?
The atom is sp3 hybridized
In this reaction what is the leaving group? HO⁻ + H₃C-I
The iodine
What is true for the oxygen molecule in the reaction C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6*O*₂ --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O? The oxygens are oxidized The oxygens are reduced One of the oxygens is oxidized the one of them is reduced The bolded oxygens aren't oxidized, the oxygen in glucose are
The oxygens are reduced
This reaction favors....? CH3C(O)F + NaCl CH3C(O)Cl + NaF (A) The starting materials (B) The products (C) Starting materials and products approximately 50:50 (D) None of the options above
The starting materials
Why are Br⁻ and I⁻ often leaving groups?
Their large size enables them to stabilize negative charge well.
How can you tell a substituent will donate a negative charge into an aromatic ring? There is an oxygen in the substituent There is a lone pair on the atom next to the ring There is a positive or partial charge on the atom next to the ring There is a nitrogen in the substituent
There is a lone pair on the atom next to the ring
How can you tell a substituent will donate a positive charge into an aromatic ring? There is an oxygen in the substituent There is a lone pair on the atom next to the ring There is a positive or partial charge on the atom next to the ring There is a nitrogen in the substituent
There is a positive or partial charge on the atom next to the ring
Which of these is not a possible S,2 rxn? A) NaNg + CHal CHgN3 + Nal B) NaCN + CHal CHaCN + Nal C) NaSH *+ CHal CHaSH + Nal D) CHaCOONa +. CHal CHyCOOCH3 + Nal E) CHaCO2Na + CHal CHyCO,CH3 + Nal F) CHaC(O)ONa + CHal CHaC(0)OCH3 + G) These are all possible Sn2 reactions
These are all possible Sn2 reactions
Which of these biomolecules if any shouldnt have a + on its oxygen? Choline Valine Proline Dimethylglycine They should all have a positive charge
They should all have a positive charge
Which anxiety medication doesnt have an ether group?
Trazodone
Which anxiety medication doesnt have a halogen functional group?
Vortioxetine
What is true about aromatic substitution? A) A substituent with a lone pair right next to the ring creates partial positive charges in the ring B) A substituent with a positive or partial positive charge causes electrophilic aromatic substitution to occur right next to it or directly opposite it C) When electrophiles add in the meta position they do so because that is where they are least repelled D) None of the above are true
When electrophiles add in the meta position they do so because that is where they are least repelled
Which of the following statements is false? When the pH = pKa, exactly 50% of a functional group will be protonated, and 50% will be deprotonated If the pH < pKa then most the functional group will be protonated pH describes the solution and is constant. pKa describes a functional group and is constant
pH describes the solution and is constant.
Which pKa is least helpful to helping figure out what protonation state of ethanolamine shown here: is at pH 18? pKa of ROH2+ is -2 pKa of RNH3+ is 10 pKa of ROH is 15 pKa of RNH2 is 35
pKa of RNH2 is 35
