CH 21, 22 & 23

Hookworms

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following distinguishes syphilis from yaws?

Syphilis is sexually transmitted.

Giardiasis involves

symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea.

Which is not a characteristic of spirochetes?

All are pathogenic

What is the benefit of tooth brushing in preventing dental disease?

All of the answers are correct.

Entamoeba histolytica is acquired by

All of the choices are correct.

Helicobacter pylori causes

All of the choices are correct.

Lyme disease involves

All of the choices are correct.

Relapsing fever involves

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following parasites must be swallowed twice by the human host, first as an egg and later as a larva?

Ascaris lumbricoides

Which of the following activities does not put someone at higher risk of contracting Q fever and other zoonotic diseases?

Being vegan

The causative agent of Lyme disease is

Borrelia burgdorferi.

Which apicomplexan has caused outbreaks, associated with fecal-contaminated imported raspberries, and also fresh greens and drinking water?

Cyclosporiasis

Which of the following is not studied in the field of parasitology?

Flagellar structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Alternative names for Blastomyces dermatitidis include

Gilchrist's disease.

Which is incorrect about histoplasmosis?

Histoplasmosis never spreads to sites outside the respiratory tract.

Which of the following appears to play the least significant role in antifungal defenses in humans?

IgG antibodies

Which is incorrect about Sporothrix schenckii?

It causes a superficial cutaneous infection.

Which of the following is incorrect about sporotrichosis?

It is also known as valley fever.

Treponema vincentii, Bacteroides forsythus, and fusobacteria synergistically are involved in which infection?

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)

Which is not correct about trichinellosis?

Numerous cases occur each year in the United States.

Serious mycoses treated with amphotericin B include all the following, except

Pneumocystis pneumonia.

Which is not a characteristic of Helicobacter pylori?

Produces enteroxin that causes diarrhea

Which anatomical feature of a cestode is used for nutrient absorption?

Proglottid

Which "pathogen-disease" pair is mismatched?

Rickettsia rickettsii—Epidemic typhus

A private in the U.S. Army is stationed at Ft. Bragg, North Carolina. He has been admitted to the infirmary with complaints of a severe headache and high fever. Upon questioning, he revealed that he had received a tick bite several days earlier. Two days after admission, he starts to develop a rash, beginning on his hands and feet and spreading towards his torso. Which of the following should be considered first in the diagnosis?

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Which of the following is an intermediate host for a trematode?

Snail

Which is mismatched?

Tinea capitis - ringworm of the beard

What is the best strategy to combat an infection that leads to L forms after treating with penicillin? Why is this the best strategy?

Transition to treatment with an antibiotic that has a target besides the cell wall; L forms are still sensitive to other antibiotics.

Which is incorrect regarding Q fever?

Transmitted by lice

Which is incorrect about chromoblastomycosis?

Treatment is with pentamidine.

Which of the following is a sexually transmitted disease?

Trichomoniasis

Which organism is found in coastal waters and causes a food infection and gastroenteritis due to a variety of contaminated raw and undercooked seafood?

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Which "worm-classification" pair is mismatched?

Whipworm—Trematode

During a visit to her doctor, a woman pointed out a red rash that occurred just under her breasts. The doctor collected a scraping of the affected area, suspended the scrapings in potassium hydroxide, and then examined it microscopically. Upon viewing, she detected budding yeast cells and pseudohyphae. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Yeast infection - candidiasis

Mycetoma is

a subcutaneous infection that looks like a tumor.

Enterobius vermicularis is

an intestinal worm that easily contaminates fingers and fomites.

The common name of Tinea Pedis is

athlete's foot.

Strongyloides stercoralis

can cause a fatal disseminated disease in immunosuppressed patients.

All of the following areas are subject to intertriginous infections, except

chest.

All of the following will kill Giardia, except

chlorine in typical drinking water.

The larval forms of certain Taenia species, which typically infest muscles of mammalian intermediate hosts are also called

cysticerci.

Ben, a 17-year-old wrestler, developed a lesion on his upper back. The lesion was relatively round and consisted of a pink scaly rough center and raised edge. While it wasn't painful, the itching was bothersome to the young man. His coach advised him to see his doctor about the lesion. Upon visiting his physician, a scraping of the affected area was collected and placed in a drop of KOH, then examined under the microscope, revealing slender fungal hyphae. A culture was inoculated, which grew a spreading flat fuzzy colony after 10 days of incubation at 30°C. Microscopic examination of the culture demonstrated the presence of both macroconidia and microconidia. What is the most likely diagnosis?

dermatophytosis

The ability of a fungus to grow as a yeast or a mold depending on its environmental temperature is called

dimorphism.

The pathogenesis of rickettsial infections often involves infection of

endothelial lining of blood vessels.

Which of the following is a rare mycosis caused by a mold commonly found in soil, in dairy products, and on the human body?

geotrichosis

Chromoblastomycosis

is caused by saprobes with dark-pigmented mycelia and spores.

Characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum include

it grows in moist soil, rich in nitrogen from bird and bat guano.

All of the following are correct about primary atypical pneumonia, except

it has symptoms similar to pneumococcal pneumonia.

Cryptococcus neoformans has the following characteristics, except

it is commonly found in the human mouth, intestines, and genitalia.

All of the following pertain to tapeworms, except the

one proglottid segment will have either female or male reproductive organs.

Gingivitis is

primarily caused by anaerobic oral flora.

Chagas' disease involves transmission of the pathogen by the

reduviid "kissing" bug.

Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira are all

spirochetes.

Aspergillosis includes all the following, except

there are no effective drugs to treat the infection.

All of the following are fungal allergies, except

thrush.

Pregnant women should never change cat litter due to the risk of contracting

toxoplasmosis.

Diseases transmitted by vectors include

trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.

The large, fully formed developmental stage of a hemoflagellate is called the

trypomastigote.

The most immediate and important treatment needed to prevent death in cholera victims is

water and electrolyte replacement.