ch 21
Which events occur during the recycling of aged or damaged erythrocytes? (Order is not important.)
1)Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in liver and spleen 2)Heme group is converted into biliverdin which is then converted to bilirubin 3)Iron is transported by transferrin to liver and stored by ferritin 4)Erythrocyte membrane and globin proteins are broken down into free amino acids and reused.
The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days. A.
120 days
Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood? 1)Always has Rh (anti-D) antibodies 2)Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D) antibodies be present 3)Always has Rh (D) antigen 4)Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D) antigen be present 5)Is inherited independent of the ABO group
2,4,5
The globulins make up about ________ percent of all plasma proteins.
37
How many globin molecules are found in a single hemoglobin molecule?
4
How many oxygen molecules may bind to a single molecule of hemoglobin?
4
Plasma makes up about ______ percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood.
55%
Oxygen is bubbled into a solution containing 200 hemoglobin molecules. What is the maximum number of oxygen molecules that will end up bound to hemoglobin in this experiment?
800
Which most closely approximates the percentage of water in plasma by weight?
92
Two of the four globin chains in the hemoglobin molecule are called alpha chains and the other two are called ________________ chains.
Beta
The formed elements of blood include all of the following EXCEPT
Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, & platelets
Which are characteristic of leukocytes?
Leukocytes (white blood cells have no hemoglobin) possess a nucleus and organelles and are larger than erythrocytes, and help with immune response and defend against pathogens.
The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to
O2 and CO2
The agglutinogens that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are
a to b, b to a, 2x check rh derek
The smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the
albumins
An individual's hematocrit is dependent on all EXCEPT
altitude age and sex
Which are characteristic of type A blood?
antigen "A" only
A cell is found in low abundance in the blood. It contains granules with histamine that it releases during inflammation and allergic reactions. The cell being described is the
basophile
Usually the least numerous of the leukocytes are the
basophile
Why is the name "thrombocyte" inappropriate for platelets?
cyte indicates a complete nucleated cell
The difference in concentration of oxygen in the plasma and interstitial fluid ensures that oxygen will
diffuse from blood into the interstital fluid
Among the constituents of plasma, sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate ions are classified as
electrolytes
Which type of leukocyte increases in number because of the presence of an allergen?
eosinophil
Which are characteristic of type O blood?
erythrocytes have neither surface antigen A or B
Because it is found outside of (rather than within) cells, plasma is considered to be an _______________ fluid.
extracellular
Fibrin, which is produced from the plasma protein _______________, helps form blood clots.
fibrinogen
Blood is correctly classified as a(n)
fluid connective tissue
The carbon dioxide molecules that bind to the hemoglobin molecule are attached to the __________ units.
globulin
A student viewing a blood smear observes a cell with a lobed nucleus and obvious granules. Which of the following cell types may she be observing?
granulocyte
Which leukocytes are derived from the myeloid line?
granulocytes
Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies?
guard against infection by triggering immune response to antigens
The percentage of the volume of all formed elements in the blood is called the _______________.
hematocrit
The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called
hematopoiesis
Which is going to result in significant agglutination?
hemolysis
The concentration of dissolved oxygen is _______ in plasma than in interstitial fluid.
higher
____________ is the attraction of leukocytes to a site of infection due to the presence of molecules released by damaged cells, dead cells, or invading pathogens.
immune response
Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the
liver and spleen
Platelets are continually produced in the red bone marrow by cells called _____________.
megakaryocytes
The "buffy" coat of the middle layer of a centrifuged blood sample is composed of
middle layer containing leukocytes and platelets
If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion, it may indicate
mismatched blood has been donated
The leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as macrophages is the
monocytes
Which depicts the order of cell formation in erythropoiesis?
myeloid stem cell->proerythroblast
The leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is the
neutrophil
Usually the most numerous of the leukocytes are the
nuetrophil
A _______________ (singular) is the name for the cylinder shape that erythrocytes form as they line up in single file for passage through the smallest blood vessels.
rouleau
When the proteins are removed from plasma, the remaining fluid is called _____________.
serum
The reason it is more appropriate to call an erythrocyte a "formed element" rather than a "cell" is that erythrocytes
they lack nucleus and organelles
The iron of the heme unit of hemoglobin is transported in the blood by the protein _________________ after the aged erythrocytes are phagocytized.
transferrin
Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones?
transportation
A patient with type B- blood is in need of a blood transfusion. If agglutination occurs after the transfusion, the issue may be because the donor
was type a
