CH 23
A patient who wears contact lenses is to be placed on rifampin for tuberculosis therapy. What should the nurse tell the patient?
"You should switch to wearing your glasses while taking this medication."
A nurse is assessing the injection site of a client who has received a purified protein derivative test. Which finding indicates a need for further evaluation?
15-mm induration
A victim has sustained a blunt force trauma to the chest. A pulmonary contusion is suspected. Which of the following clinical manifestations correlate with a moderate pulmonary contusion?
Blood-tinged sputum
A nurse is caring for a group of clients on a medical-surgical floor. Which client is at greatest risk for developing pneumonia?
A client with a nasogastric tube
A client with lung cancer develops pleural effusion. During chest auscultation, which breath sound should the nurse expect to hear?
Decreased breath sounds
A recent immigrant is diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Which intervention is the most important for the nurse to implement with this client?
Developing a list of people with whom the client has had contact
Which intervention does a nurse implement for clients with empyema?
Encourage breathing exercises
Which interventions does a nurse implement for clients with empyema?
Encourage breathing exercises
The occupational nurse is completing routine assessments on the employees where you work. What might be revealed by a chest radiograph for a client with occupational lung diseases?
Fibrotic changes in lungs
When caring for a client with acute respiratory failure, the nurse should expect to focus on resolving which set of problems?
Hypercapnia, hypoventilation, and hypoxemia
A client with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) comes to the emergency department. Which physician order should the nurse implement first?
Institute isolation precautions.
A client admitted to the hospital following a motor vehicle crash has suffered a flail chest. The nurse assesses the client for what most common clinical manifestation of flail chest?
Paradoxical chest movement
You are caring for a client with chronic respiratory failure. What are the signs and symptoms of chronic respiratory failure?
Progressive loss of lung function associated with chronic disease
You are caring for a client status post lung resection. When assessing your client you find that the bubbling in the water-seal chamber for the chest tubes is more than you expected. What should you check when bubbling in the water-seal chamber is excessive?
See if there are leaks in the system.
The most diagnostic clinical symptom of pleurisy is:
Stabbing pain during respiratory movements.
The nursing instructor is talking with the junior class of nursing students about lung cancer. What would be the best rationale the instructor could give for the difficulty of early diagnosis of lung cancer?
Symptoms often do not appear until the disease is well established.
A client is being discharged following pelvic surgery. What would be included in the patient care instructions to prevent the development of a pulmonary embolus?
Tense and relax muscles in the lower extremities.
The nurse caring for a client with tuberculosis anticipates administering which vitamin with isoniazid (INH) to prevent INH-associated peripheral neuropathy?
Vitamin B6
Which vitamin is usually administered with isoniazid (INH) to prevent INH-associated peripheral neuropathy?
Vitamin B6
The nurse is assessing a client's potential for pulmonary emboli. What finding indicates possible deep vein thrombosis?
localized calf tenderness
A physician stated to the nurse that the client has fluid in the pleural space and will need a thoracentesis. The nurse expects the physician to document this fluid as
pleural effusion
The nurse is administering anticoagulant therapy with heparin. What International Normalized Ratio (INR) would the nurse know is within therapeutic range?
2.0 to 2.5
A client is brought to the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following nursing assessments is significant in diagnosing this client with flail chest?
Paradoxical chest movement
A patient is admitted to the hospital with pulmonary arterial hypertension. What assessment finding by the nurse is a significant finding for this patient?
dyspnea
Resistance to a first-line antituberculotic agent in a client who has not received previous treatment is referred to as
primary drug resistance
Which statement indicates a client understands teaching about the purified protein derivative (PPD) test for tuberculosis?
"Because I had a previous reaction to the test, this time I need to get a chest X-ray."
A patient has a Mantoux skin test prior to being placed on an immunosuppressant for the treatment of Crohn's disease. What results would the nurse determine is not significant for holding the medication?
0 to 4 mm
After diagnosing a client with pulmonary tuberculosis, the physician tells family members that they must receive isoniazid (INH [Laniazid]) as prophylaxis against tuberculosis. The client's daughter asks the nurse how long the drug must be taken. What is the usual duration of prophylactic isoniazid therapy?
6 to 12 months
Which would be least likely to contribute to a case of hospital-acquired pneumonia?
A nurse washes her hands before beginning client care.
The ICU nurse is caring for a client who was admitted with a diagnosis of smoke inhalation. The nurse knows that this client is at increased risk for which of the following?
ARDS
A nurse should include what instruction for the client during postural drainage?
Change positions frequently and cough up secretions.
The clinic nurse is caring for a client with acute bronchitis. The client asks what may have caused the infection. What may induce acute bronchitis?
Chemical irritation
A nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with lung cancer. What is a cardinal sign of lung cancer?
Cough or change in chronic cough
The nurse is auscultating the patient's lung sounds to determine the presence of pulmonary edema. What adventitious lung sounds are significant for pulmonary edema?
Crackles in the lung bases
You are caring for a client who has been diagnosed with viral pneumonia. You are making a plan of care for this client. What nursing interventions would you put into the plan of care for a client with pneumonia?
Encourage increased fluid intake.
A client hospitalized with pneumonia has thick, tenacious secretions. Which intervention should the nurse include when planning this client's care?
Encouraging increased fluid intake
You are an occupational health nurse in a large ceramic manufacturing company. How would you intervene to prevent occupational lung disease in the employees of the company?
Fit all employees with protective masks.
A nurse is caring for a client with chest trauma. Which nursing diagnosis takes the highest priority?
Impaired gas exchange
A nurse is caring for a client who was admitted with pneumonia, has a history of falls, and has skin lesions resulting from scratching. The priority nursing diagnosis for this client should be:
Ineffective airway clearance.
A client diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is restless and has a low oxygen saturation level. If the client's condition does not improve and the oxygen saturation level continues to decrease, what procedure will the nurse expect to assist with in order to help the client breathe more easily?
Intubate the client and control breathing with mechanical ventilation
A nurse reading a chart notes that the client had a Mantoux skin test result with no induration and a 1-mm area of ecchymosis. How does the nurse interpret this result?
Negative
A client continues to report dyspnea on exertion and overall weakness. A pulmonary artery catheter is placed and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure is 35 mm Hg. What condition is the client experiencing?
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with pulmonary sarcoidosis. The nurse concludes that the client understands the information if the client correctly mentions which early sign of exacerbation?
SOB
The nurse is caring for a patient with pleurisy. What symptoms does the nurse recognize are significant for this patient's diagnosis?
Stabbing pain during respiratory movement
A patient comes to the clinic with fever, cough, and chest discomfort. The nurse auscultates crackles in the left lower base of the lung and suspects that the patient may have pneumonia. What does the nurse know is the most common organism that causes community-acquired pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
The patient with a chest tube is being transported to X-ray. Which complication may occur if the chest tube is clamped during transportation?
Tension pneumothorax
A client has been hospitalized for treatment of acute bacterial pneumonia. Which outcome indicates an improvement in the client's condition?
The client has a partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) value of 90 mm Hg or higher.
During discharge teaching, a nurse is instructing a client about pneumonia. The client demonstrates his understanding of relapse when he states that he must:
continue to take antibiotics for the entire 10 days.
A nurse assesses arterial blood gas results for a patient in acute respiratory failure (ARF). Which results are consistent with this disorder?
pH 7.28, PaO2 50 mm Hg
A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with empyema. Which of the following interventions does a nurse implement for patients with empyema?
Encourage breathing exercises.
A nurse is preparing dietary recommendations for a client with a lung abscess. Which statement would be included in the plan of care?
"You must consume a diet rich in protein, such as chicken, fish, and beans."
On auscultation, which finding suggests a right pneumothorax?
Absence of breath sounds in the right thorax
A client is admitted to the health care facility with active tuberculosis (TB). What intervention should the nurse include in the client's care plan?
Wearing a disposable particulate respirator that fits snugly around the face
A client who works construction and has been demolishing an older building is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. This lung inflammation is most likely caused by exposure to:
asbestos