CH 23 Endocrine System
how many adrenal glands are there
2
How many parathyroid glands are there? (HW-page 628)
4
What is a heterocrine gland? (HW-page 634)
A gland that performs both exocrine and endocrine functions
What disease is the leading cause of blindness in the U.S.?
Diabetes Mellitus
what is a portal system?
Two capillary plexuses interconnected by a portal vein
What are the two parts of the adrenal glands? (HW-page 630)
adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla
The adrenal medulla produces what hormones? (HW-page 634)
adrenaline, norepinephrine
What portion of the pituitary is a true endocrine gland in that it produces hormones and releases them into the bloodstream? (HW-page 619)
anterior pituitary
What hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary? (HW-page 623)
antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin
Where is the pancreas located? (HW-page 634)
between the doudenum and the spleen and posterior to the stomach
What is the shape and location of the thyroid gland? (HW-page 624)
butterfly, along the larynx and trachea
What hormone is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland? (HW-page 627)
calcitonin
What is the function of the thymus? (HW-page 637)
cell-mediated immunity
The adrenal cortex produces what group of hormones? (HW-page 630)
corticosteroids
What are ductless glands whose products are secreted directly into the blood? (HW-page 614)
endocrine glands
what is the study of the endocrine system
endocrinology
What are glands which secrete their product onto an epithelial surface either directly or through a duct? (HW-page 614)
exocrine glands
What are regulatory chemicals secreted directly into the blood by the ductless glands and carried to target cells that respond by an alteration of their metabolism? (HW-page 614)
hormones
what is a synonym for pituitary gland
hypophysis
The pituitary gland is connected to what part of the brain? (HW-page 619)
hypothalamus
What is the master control center of the endocrine system? (HW-page 617)
hypothalamus
What part of the brain controls the function of the pituitary gland? (HW-page 619)
hypothalamus
where is the pituitary gland located?
in the hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica
Where is the thymus located? (HW-page 637)
in the mediastinum superior to the heart, and immediately posterior to the sternum
What structure connects the pituitary gland to the brain? (HW-page 619)
infundibulum
The pancreas produces what hormones to regulate blood glucose levels? (HW-page 634)
insulin, glucagon
Why do some authors not consider the posterior pituitary to be an endocrine gland?
it stores but does not make hormones
What other organs have endocrine functions? (HW-page 637)
kidneys, heart, GI tracts, Gonads
What are the three gross anatomical components of the thyroid gland? (HW-page 624)
left and right lobes, isthmus
What hormone does the pineal gland produce? (HW-page 637)
melatonin
Manipulation of the function of what structure is used as birth control?
ovaries
What are the clusters of endocrine cells of the pancreas? (HW-page 634)
pancreatic islets
What cells lie between the follicles of the thyroid gland? (HW-page 627)
parafollicular cells
What hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands? (HW-page 628)
parathyroid hormone
Manipulation of the function of what structure can treat sleep disorders through changes in hormone levels?
pineal gland
Benign tumors of what structure cause problems with vision and are commonly discovered first by optometrists?
pituitary gland
Where is the pineal gland located? (HW-page 637)
posterior region of the epithalamus
Where are the parathyroid glands located? (HW-page 628)
posterior surface of the thyroid gland
Where are the adrenal glands located? (HW-page 630)
superior of each kidney
List some examples of glands which secrete their product onto an epithelial surface either directly or through a duct. (HW-page 614)
sweat glands, salivary glands, goblet cells
The adrenal medulla is a part of what portion of the nervous system? (HW-page 634)
sympathetic (of the ANS)
What characteristic of endocrine glands ensures that their products enter the bloodstream immediately? (HW-page 614)
they are highly vascular
What microscopic, spherical structures make up the thyroid gland? (HW-page 624)
thyroid follicles
What hormone is produced by the follicles of the thyroid gland? (HW-page 624)
thyroid hormone
List the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary?`
thyroid stimulating, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic, growth, gonadotrophins, melanocyte stimulating
