Ch 23 Mastering A & P

Most calcium in the body is located in __________.

the skeleton

Which of the following drugs would you prescribe to Jennifer in order to help her with her condition?

a drug that acts as an inhibitor of the H+ ATP pump

Endocrine pathologies can occur through excess secretion, inadequate secretion, and which other mechanism?

abnormal target cell response

The target cells for the hormone ACTH are located in the _______.

adrenal cortex

Dr. Spinks tests Professor Macgruder's blood for parathyroid hormone levels and finds that they are higher than normal. Can Dr. Spinks conclude hyperparathyroidism as a final diagnosis?

Yes; the definitive test is measuring hormone levels in the blood.

What is the strongest negative feedback signal inhibiting corticotropin-releasing hormone release?

cortisol

How is iodide brought into follicular cells from the bloodstream in the thyroid gland?

sodium/iodide symporter

Match each phrase with either spongy bone or compact bone based on the description given.

* Spongy bone- Forms a calcified lattice & Makes up the inner core of the epiphysis of a long bone. * Compact bone Dense and used for support & Makes up the majority of the diaphysis of a long bone

Which of the following is NOT characterized by high levels of cortisol in the blood? Cushing's disease Addison's disease iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome Cushing's syndrome

Addison's disease

The side that faces the bone matrix is the____________________.

Apical membrane of the osteoclast.

The side that faces the extracellular fluid is the ___________________.

Basolateral membrane of the osteoclast.

__________-are released by the osteoclast to aid in the resorption of bone.

Enzymes and H+

How does growth hormone most contribute to the final length of long bones?

It stimulates cartilage growth in the epiphyseal plate, delaying closure of the plate.

What is the most important hormone causing an increase in serum Ca2+?

PTH

How is the hypothalamic control of growth hormone (GH) release different from the control of TSH and ACTH?

The hypothalamus releases both stimulatory and inhibitory tropic hormones for GH, whereas it only releases stimulatory hormones for TSH and ACTH.

Which hormone is permissive for growth and important for normal neural development?

Thyroid hormone

Tropic hormones include which of the following?

both ACTH and CRH

C cells of the thyroid gland secrete ________.

calcitonin

The levels of which hormone would be low in people during winter in Canada?

calcitriol

The common precursor for all steroid hormones is ________.

cholesterol

A cell that forms cartilage is called a(n) ...

chondrocyte.

Calcium has several important roles including its role as a signaling molecule and its involvement in tight junctions and neuronal excitation. What other important physiological role does calcium have?

coagulation

What structure within the long bone is the primary site of bone formation?

epiphyseal plate

The area of a bone that serves as the site of bone growth is known as the_______.

epiphyseal plate.

Acromegaly is associated with ________.

excess growth hormone

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of hyperthyroidism?

exophthalmos

Which is NOT a hormone directly required for growth of soft tissue? growth hormone insulin glucagon thyroid hormone

glucagon

If you were to sample the blood of someone with hyperparathyroidism, predict what the plasma levels of calcium would be when compared to someone with normal parathyroid function?

higher

Jennifer is a 20-year-old female who has been suffering from many small fractures in her hip. Her doctor performs some tests and finds that she has a significant reduction in her bone density. Which of the following might be causing Jennifer's loss in bone density?

increased osteoclast activity

Which is associated with hyperthyroidism?

irritability and weight loss

Which organ secretes insulin-like growth factors as a result of growth hormone?

liver

What is the primary stimulus for parathyroid hormone release and what is its function?

low levels of Ca2+ in the blood

A cell that creates calcium phosphate crystal to replace cartilage is known as a(n)...

osteoblasts.

A cell that secretes acid and is responsible for bone resorption is known as a(n)..

osteoclast.

Which pathological condition could arise if bone resorption exceeds deposition?

osteoporosis

Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome is _______.

physician induced often referred to as "steroid diabetes" a result of treatment with glucocorticoid hormones All of the above are correct.

Which precursor molecule can be converted to either testosterone or aldosterone?

progesterone

Which endocrine gland is NOT correctly matched to a hormone it produces? hypothalamus; CRH zona reticularis; ACTH adrenal medulla; catecholamines zona glomerulosa; aldosterone

zona reticularis; ACTH

Which area of the adrenal gland produces cortisol?

zonafasciculata