CH 2+3 Test Sped230

Guillermina speaks Spanish as her native language. Guillermina is considered

. linguistically diverse.

What percentage of the high school dropout population report safety concerns in their decision to leave school?

10%

-How many years of meaningful exposure, and practice, to English does it take before English Language Learners are proficient?

5 to 7 years

-What percentage of all students in schools in the U.S.A. are students of color?

50%

The risk ratio for African American students is 1.0 in Town A, and 2.0 in Town B. Which of the statements below is correct?

African American students in Town B are twice as likely to be identified as having disabilities as students from other racial groups.

-In Jackson County Schools, 15% of the student population is African American. These students make up 15% of the special education population and 60% of the discipline referrals. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

African Americans are overrepresented in discipline referrals.

What percentage of fourth graders and eighth graders scored at the Basic level or below, on the mathematics subtest of the National Assessment of Educational Progress?

Around 60% or higher 65-60 (possibly, this is what Mr. S told me in person)

-One benefit of ________ is that mastery of more than one language has many social, economic, and personal benefits. However, one criticism is that this is a very slow process that can take away from learning content in other areas.

Bilingual Education

-Amalia is a student in Mrs. Black's fourth-grade classroom in an East Kentucky elementary school. Mrs. Black now lives in Appalachia after spending most of her life in Manhattan. Amalia responds to her teacher's questions by saying "I heared you. I don't care to answer. I am plum afeared. I'll answer directly." Mrs. Black believes Amalia has a language problem and refers the student for special education support. What area of cross-cultural dissonance does this reflect?

Communication Styles

Ms. Waters initially interacts with her student Mario in the same manner as the rest of her students. Yet, in Mario's culture, the way she uses praise, humor, and personal space are all considered inappropriate. As a result, Mario views her with distrust. Sensing this, she in turn decides that he has "an attitude" and begins to view him negatively. This is an example of

Cross-cultural dissonance

________ is monitoring students' progress and using those results to help guide instruction directed towards improving students' learning outcomes.

Data based decision making

-In this court case, the outcome indicated that tests to identify Hispanic students as having intellectual disabilities was discriminatory.

Diana v. State Board of Education

________ is an educational approach in which teachers adjust the curriculum, instruction, and assessment to address the learning needs of all students.

Differentiated Instruction

________ is an educational approach in which teachers adjust the curriculum, instruction, and assessment to address the learning needs of all students.

Differentiated instruction

-Centali is a ten-year-old student who was born in Mexico and does not speak English fluently. Centali is a recent arrival to the Sheebe County School system and has been placed in the fourth grade. Assessment reveals that Centali has a receptive and expressive vocabulary of 1,000 words. He uses very short phrases to express his thoughts and can respond to simple question. Which stage of second-language acquisition does this reflect?

Early production

-ESL classes conduct instruction primarily in

English

Mr. Blue is teaching his sixth-grade class addition of decimals. He gives students exit tickets, with related problems to complete at the end of the class period. Strategically he walks around the class and observes students as they work on each task during the lesson. What type of assessment is he using?

Formative

Mr. Blue is trying to determine what type of progress monitoring would be best for the unit on decimals. If he wants to focus on a variety of skills concerning decimals (e.g., addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), which type progress monitoring would serve that purpose?

General outcome measures

Which of the following would be an example of the UDL principle of multiple means of action and expression?

Giving students options such as writing a paper, producing a video, or doing a presentation to demonstrate their knowledge

Mr. Maxwell is researching techniques to use in teaching students in his inclusive third grade classroom. Which of the following is the best approach that ensures that students make the largest gains possible?

Identify techniques with data to verify their effectiveness.

Javier is frequently absent, rarely does homework, and is uninvolved in school activities. His teachers know that he works 30 hours per week to supplement his family's income. They believe that, given his family's low income level, he will be motivated to stay in school until graduation. Which of the following statements is correct?

Javier is displaying classic dropout warning signs and needs support to stay in school.

Ms. Campbell learns that her student Kendall is of Hawaiian heritage. Ms. Campbell should

Learn more about Kendall and her culture and plan her instruction accordingly.

-Elba is learning to speak English as her second language. Which of these is NOT a current term used to describe Elba?

Limited English Proficiency

Every day, Caleb takes a one-minute test on his "x4" multiplication facts. When he is able to pass this test, he will begin taking one-minute tests on his "x5" facts. Caleb is engaged in an example of

Mastery Measurement

The evidence-based practice movement originated in the field of ________.

Medicine

-Gover Elementary School has started to enroll many students whose first language is not English. Teachers at Gover believe that students from other countries should abandon their home language and culture to become part of America. The school practices English only instruction and makes no consideration for students who do not understand English. This view is considered ________.

Melting Pot

Which of the following statements about high school dropouts is correct?

Most dropouts report that they would have worked harder if teacher expectations had been higher.

-Mr. Taylor, a high-school algebra teacher, encouraged Sherra to take advanced math courses, helping her plan out her courses. As a result of his encouragement, Sherra became the first person in her family to earn a college degree. In this scenario,

Mr. Taylor provided an educational pivotal moment.

________ incorporates multiple levels of support, with increasing intensity, for students.

Multitiered systems of support

-Mr. Reid has two students who are recent immigrants, one from Bosnia and one from Colombia. Whenever possible, he incorporates aspects of the students' languages and cultures into his teaching, while also instructing them in the expectations and culture of the school. This is an example of

Mutual accommodation

-Dr. Samuel, principal of Lockett Elementary School, is looking for a program to bring to her school to serve the numerous students she has whose first language is not English. She and her program selection committee, reviewed the research on different programs and decided on the one to use. The program the group selected has been identified by a comprehensive research study with data from over 42,000 English Language Learner as most effective. Which program did the group select?

NOT Transitional bilingual education

-Mrs. Mohammed nurtures students' personal development; helps students learn about each other; sets clear, high expectations for all students; and demonstrates and reinforces expectations of respect and kindness. Which tip for culturally responsive teaching is Mrs. Mohammed following?

NOT Use culturally appropriate classroom management strategies

The students at Northside High School are able to engage in many enrichment activities-sports, theatre, summer camps, trips to national parks-all of which are paid for by their parents. The students at Southside High School are unable to engage in any of these activities because their parents cannot afford them. This scenario illustrates an example of

NOT achievement gap

Mr. Greubar is planning a unit on fractions for his fifth-grade class. He designs and implements a pretest before he begins teaching the unit. What type of assessment is conducted before an instructional period begins?

NOT formative

-Ivelisse, an immigrant from the Dominican Republic, notices that none of the characters in her literature stories seem familiar, nor does she understand many of the activities in which they engage. Further, she learns nothing about the history of her former country, nor the contributions of its people, in her social studies or geography classes. In which area is Ivelisse experiencing cross-cultural dissonance?

NOT learning experiences and preferences

Gover Elementary School has started to enroll many students whose first language is not English. Teachers at Gover believe that students from other countries should abandon their home language and culture to become part of America. The school practices English only instruction and makes no consideration for students who do not understand English. This view is considered ________.

NOT nativism

All the following are reasons why the use of evidence-based practices is not enough EXCEPT

NOT some students are eager to learn, while others are completed disengaged

All the following are reasons why the use of evidence-based practices is not enough EXCEPT ________.

NOT some students are eager to learn, while others are completed disengaged Some students are passive learners.

-One thing that teachers can do to reduce cross-cultural dissonance is to

NOT watch TV to learn about the communication styles of people from different cultures. NOT utilize the SIOP model when planning lessons

-Ahmed is an eight-year-old immigrant from Spain. He is having difficulty in learning English and often leaves off endings of words. Ahmed has no difficulties when speaking Spanish. In Spain, Ahmed was in the program for gifted learners. He is now struggling academically in the school he attends in the U.S.A. His teacher is considering referring him for the special education process. Does Ahmed have a language deficit?

No, Ahmed has a language difference.

What percentage of students will not make adequate academic progress at the primary instruction level and will require additional support, with continuous progress monitoring?

Not 25% to 30%

Jackson is a first-grade student who has displays aggressive behavior toward his classmates and teacher. Which of the following would be appropriate to use with Jackson?

PBIS

Which of the following is a multitiered framework aimed at preventing problem behaviors and providing evidence-based interventions when problems do occur?

PBIS

Central to this method of differentiation is the expectation that the method through which student learn may vary. What instructional element of differentiation does this statement reflect?

Process

Mr. Bell, a social studies teacher, is teaching a sixth-grade unit on the civil war in middle Tennessee. He uses a video showing a reenactment of several of the battles fought in the region. He takes the class on a field trip where they tour actual battlefields. He uses PowerPoint slides to present key content. Which Universal Design for Learning principle is Mr. Bell using?

Provide Multiple Means of Representation

The melting pot model led to

Racism and Segregation

-The melting pot model led to

Racism and segregation

Dr. Scott is conducting a study of the effectiveness of a new strategy for teaching writing to eighth graders in inclusive classrooms. His study population consists of two middle schools in the same district. Schools are randomly assigned for implementation into either intervention or control. He administers a test of written language to all students. However, Dr. Scott teaches the new strategy to students in one school but uses a traditional approach to teaching writing in the second school. He again tests students and compares results. What research approach is he using?

Randomized controlled trials

Jesus is making progress in learning English. He enrolled in school as a seven-year-old Spanish speaker. Jesus is now in the eighth grade and has both social and academic language. Which language skills developed first for him?

Receptive Language

-Aumad, a six-year-old first grader, is a recent arrival from Somalia. He and his family have refugee status as they fled the war in his country. Aumad sits in the classroom during instruction and does not utter a word. He makes his needs known by using gestures. Which stage of second-language acquisition does this reflect?

Receptive or pre-productive

Sophia purposely tells lies about Bianca in an attempt to ruin her reputation and turn mutual friends away from her. Sophia is engaging in which type of bullying?

Relational

-CALP or classroom English is

Requires much more advanced skills and requires 5-7 years.

-________ builds on components of effective instruction and UDL-like hands-on activities and manipulatives, cooperative learning, careful use of language, demonstrations, and multimodal means of presenting information.

Sheltered Instruction

Teachers must implement evidence-based practices with fidelity. What does this mean?

Teachers must follow the same procedures used by the researcher who validated the practice.

Ms. Dell is researching the Waldorf technique for teaching fractions to her inclusive fifth grade classroom. She found pre-post studies conducted by researchers using the Waldorf technique. She also found meta-analysis that included the results of lower-quality studies. What can she conclude concerning whether the Waldorf technique is supported by rigorous evidence?

The technique is not supported by evidence of effectiveness

Which of the following is a key similarity between UDL and differentiated instruction?

They are both an educational framework.

Mrs. Paxton provides small-group, targeted instruction for students who are not making adequate progress when receiving only general education classroom instruction. Which aspect of the RTI process is she implementing?

Tier 2

-Mr. Ross is excited after attending a professional development session on becoming a culturally competent teacher. While he is of European American ethnicity, most of the students in his fourth-grade class are of a different ethnicity. Mr. Ross learned, in the professional development session, that a most important self-reflective step in becoming more effective and providing culturally responsive instructions is for teachers to ________.

Understand how culture shapes teachers' own attitudes and behaviors

At Carver Elementary School, all students are given an assessment at the begging of the school year to identify those whose skills are not at required expected levels, and thus at risk for academic failure. Which step is this in response to intervention process?

Universal Screening

How does universal design differ from universal design for learning?

Universal design has a focus on architectural changes.

Phillip is being bullied at school. He is likely to display all of the following warning signs EXCEPT

a lack of empathy toward others.

It is April and Shalome has just taken a state-wide test which evaluates her mastery of her grade level's content standards. Shalome has just taken

a large-scale assessment.

-BICS or conversational English is

a level of English mastery that is adequate for general communication, but not necessarily for academic learning.

BICS or conversational English is

a level of English mastery that is adequate for general communication, but not necessarily for academic learning.

Connor is a high school senior who has just taken an exam to determine whether he is eligible to graduate with a diploma. Connor has just taken

a mandatory exit exam.

A progress monitoring probe is

a short test that can be administered in a matter of minutes.

To implement an evidence-based practice with fidelity, teachers must

accurately follow the same procedures the researchers used to validate the practice.

PBIS is similar to RTI except that it

addresses behavior instead of academic skills.

Formative assessments

allow teachers to constantly monitor students' progress and make instructional adjustments accordingly.

-Which of the following is NOT an issue brought to national attention through Larry P. v. Riles, Diana v. State Board of Education, and Lau v. Nichols?

alternative assessments used by most school districts for bilingual children

Mr. Black has all students in her first-grade class complete the same instructional activity. However, she varies the level of difficulty based on her students' readiness levels. What instructional element of differentiation is she using?

content

-Ms. Mondragon understands the cultural standards of the Hispanic, African American, and Native American students in her classroom. Ms. Mondragon would be considered

culturally competent.

-Approximately how many years does it take to acquire complex language abilities required for academic work?

five—seven

Approximately how many years does it take to acquire complex language abilities required for academic work?

five—seven

Alex doesn't participate in an initial bullying incident in school, but follows up afterwards with continued bulllying of the victim. Alex is a/an

follower

All the following characteristics, identified in the textbook, are associated with bilingualism EXCEPT

greater multitasking skills

-Mrs. Brocklebank provides many opportunities for her students to respond in class. When she asks a difficult question, she gives a student plenty of time to think and respond. Further, when a student answers incorrectly, she guides them through the necessary reasoning until they can ascertain the correct answer. Mrs. Brocklebank

has high expectations for her students.

PBS and RTI are examples of

multi-tiered instruction.

-Bob is strongly opposed to immigration. He feels that the new wave of immigration experienced in our country is threatening the existence of the current dominant culture. John is a proponent of

nativism.

The decision to drop out of high school

occurs as the result of a gradual process that transpires over a period of time.

An evidence-based practice is

one on which rigorous research has been conducted that produces data which verifies its effectiveness.

-Culture affects everything we do in a school day. It affects the way we communicate, ________ and ________.

process information; learn

Culture affects everything we do in a school day. It affects the way we communicate, ________ and ________.

process information; learn

Larger schools with higher student-teacher ratios and more inexperienced teachers

provide unequal educational opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds.

Dr. Gallegos is conducting research on a reading intervention. She assigns students randomly to an intervention group and a control group and then compares each groups' improvement over time. Dr. Gallegos is implementing which type of study?

randomized controlled trial

When teachers differentiate instruction, they should be knowledgeable about each student's academic skill levels, which are a component that reflects their

readiness

A critical element of CBM is that

teachers make instructional decisions using the students' data and graphs.

Which level of response to intervention provides intensive individualized interventions to students?

tertiary intervention

In PBIS, ________ is intended for the approximately 5% of students who exhibit disruptive, dangerous behaviors.

tertiary prevention

-The students at Northside High School-who come from predominantly White, middle- or upper-income families-have much higher scores on state-wide tests than do students from Southside High School, who come from predominantly lower-income Latino and African American families. This scenario illustrates an example of

the achievement gap

-Lack of knowledge about core subject requirements, unavailability of advanced placement courses, and low teacher referrals for advanced classes are all factors influencing

the poor postsecondary outcomes for diverse students.

If a student's weekly probe scores on a graph are consistently below the CBM goal line, that is an indication that

the teacher needs to adjust instruction or provide additional supports.

All of the students in Mr. Adams' language arts class complete the same instructional activity, but with varying levels of difficulty that are based on their individual readiness levels. This is an example of

tiered content.

-Mia is in a school program where her native Italian language is used for her primary instruction. Her teachers continue to work with her in both English and Italian until her command of English is sufficient for school success. Mia is in a/an ________ program.

transitional bilingual

-One of the first responsibilities of a culturally competent teacher, who wants to prevent cross-cultural dissonance, is to ________

understand their students' cultures

One of the first responsibilities of a culturally competent teacher, who wants to prevent cross-cultural dissonance, is to ________.

understand their students' cultures

Sierra Blanca Elementary School teachers have just finished assessing all of their students to determine which students are at risk for academic failure. Which aspect of the RTI process have they just completed?

universal screening

Which of the following would be an example of the UDL principle of multiple means of representation?

using print materials, graphics, illustrations, and video to teach a concept

Drawing a goal line from the student's current data points to the end-of-year benchmarks

will help determine if the student is on course to achieve end-of-year goals.