ch 24- digestive system
Which is NOT a major salivary gland? 1- lingual glands 2- parotid glands 3- submandibular glands 4- sublingual glands 5- all of these choices are major salivary glands
1
Which of the following does NOT produce at least one enzyme and one hormone? 1- esophagus 2- stomach 3- small intestine 4- pancreas
1
The highly permeable blood capillaries of the liver are called 1- hepatic laminae. 2- bile canaliculi. 3- hepatic sinusoids. 4- portal triads. 5- hepatic acini.
3
The major hormones that control digestion are 1- Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. 2- Amylase, lipase, and trypsin. 3- Gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin. 4- Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and amylase, lipase, trypsin are correct. 5- Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and amylase, lipase, trypsin, and gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin are correct.
3
This system requires water absorbed by the digestive tract to excrete waste products in urine. 1- lymphatic 2- endocrine 3- urinary 4- integumentary
3
Which of the following statements about salivary glands is incorrect? 1- The parotid glands are located inferior and anterior to the ears between the skin and masseter muscle. 2- The submandibular glands are located in the floor of the mouth. 3- The sublingual glands are located beneath the tongue and inferior to the submandibular glands. 4- All of these statements are correct.
3
The final stage of digestion occurs in the colon by the action of: 1- enzymes 2- smooth muscle 3- bacteria 4- micelles
3- bacteria
All of the following are considered organs of the gastrointestinal tract EXCEPT the: 1- pharynx. 2- small intestine. 3- gallbladder. 4- stomach. 5- esophagus.
3- gallbladder
Pancreatic juice contains all of the following except 1- trypsin. 2- carboxypeptidase. 3- pepsin. 4- chymotrypsin.
3- pepsin
Deglutition describes 1- formation of a bolus before swallowing. 2- chewing of food. 3- the teeth and associated structures. 4- the act of swallowing. 5- enzymatic digestion of food in the mouth.
4
Enzymes in pancreatic juice include: 1- pancreatic amylase which digests starch 2- the enzymes which digest protein: trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase and elastase 3- pancreatic lipase which digests fats and oil 4- all of these
4
As sucrose concentration increases, sucrase activity eventually plateaus. Why does this occur? 1- There are more sucrose molecules than sucrase 2- Increasing sucrose inactivates sucrase 3- Sucrase activity decreases as product is formed 4- Sucrase can only catalyze one reaction
1
Cholecystokinin and secretin both: 1- secrete pancreatic juice 2- decrease gastric juice production 3- are secreted by CCK cells of the stomach 4- inhibit gastric emptying
1
Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are secreted in the stomach by 1- parietal cells. 2- chief cells. 3- G cells. 4- mucous neck cells. 5- surface mucous cells.
1
Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are secreted in the stomach by 1- parietal cells. 2- chief cells. 3- G cells. 4- mucous neck cells. 5- surface mucous cells.
1
Moving a bolus to the back of the mouth by movement of the tongue backward and against the palate constitutes which phase of swallowing? 1- voluntary 2- involuntary 3- cephalic 4- peristaltic
1
The lamina propria of the GI tract is a layer of connective tissue found in the 1- mucosa 2- submucosa 3- epithelium 4- muscularis 5- serosa
1
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? 1- The esophagus produces digestive enzymes. 2- The esophageal mucosa consists of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. 3- At each end of the esophagus, the muscularis forms two sphincters the upper esophageal sphincter and the lower esophageal sphincter. 4- The upper esophageal sphincter consists of skeletal muscle and the lower of smooth muscle. 5- The esophagus secretes mucus and transports food to the stomach.
1
Which of the following statements is incorrect? 1- The mucosa is a serous membrane involved in protection and absorption. 2- The submucosa contains lymphatic vessels and blood vessels involved in absorption. 3- The muscularis breaks down food and propels it along the digestive tract.
1
Which type of gastrointestinal cancer is considered quite common in the elderly? 1- colon or rectal 2- stomach 3- esophagus 4- oral
1
Where in the GI tract is skeletal (voluntary) muscle found? 1- mouth, pharynx, superior and middle part of esophagus, external sphincter 2- large and small intestine and stomach 3- mouth and large intestine 4- esophagus and small intestine
1- mouth, pharynx, superior and middle part of esophagus, external sphincter
Bile salts convert fats into 1- large globules. 2- tiny droplets. 3- soluble molecules. 4- none of these.
2
In order from the small intestine to the anus, the major regions of the large intestine are 1- ascending colon, sigmoid colon, transverse colon, descending colon, cecum, rectum, anal canal 2- cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal 3- ascending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, descending colon, cecum, anal canal, rectum 4- cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, anal canal, rectum 5- ascending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, descending colon, anal canal, cecum, rectum
2
The absorptive ability of the large intestine is enhanced by the presence of 1- villi. 2- microvilli. 3- circular folds. 4- villi and microvilli are correct. 5- villi, microvilli, and circular folds are correct.
2
The enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine secrete 1- lysozyme. 2- secretin, CCK, and GIP. 3- alkaline mucus. 4- brush-border enzymes. 5- chylomicrons.
2
The enterogastric reflex 1- is stimulated by the presence of chyme in the stomach. 2- is stimulated by the presence of chyme in the duodenum. 3- results in decreased contraction of the pyloric sphincter. 4- increases gastric emptying. 5- is the result of parasympathetic stimulation.
2
The esophageal epithlelium is comprised of ________, while the epithelium of the stomach is comprised of ______________. 1- pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium which helps move the bolus; stratified squamous epithelium which helps protect against acid 2- stratified squamous epithelium which helps protect against friction; simple columnar epithelium which provides secretion and some protection 3- simple columnar epithelium which provides secretion and some protection; simple columnar epithelium which provides secretion and some protection 4- stratified squamous epithelium which helps protect against friction; stratified squamous epithelium which helps protect against friction 5- pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium which helps move the bolus; simple squamous epithelium which aids in absorption of nutrients
2
The parotid glands are found: 1- in the tongue. 2- between the skin and the masseter muscle. 3- in the floor of the mouth. 4- beneath the tongue. 5- in the palate.
2
The pharynx is part of both the ___ and the ___ organ systems. 1- digestive and muscular 2- digestive and respiratory 3- respiratory and muscular 4- digestive and endocrine 5- digestive and skeletal
2
_________ stimulates increased secretion of pancreatic juice that is rich in bicarbonate ions. 1- Gastrin 2- Secretin 3- Cholecystokinin 4- Pepsin 5- Somatostatin
2
Lipids are typically transported from the intestine into the bloodstream via 1- capillaries. 2- cell-to-cell transport. 3- lacteals. 4- all of these.
3
The cause of heartburn is ___. 1- heart murmurs 2- enlarged heart 3- reflux of gastric juice into the esophagus 4- erosion of the stomach lining
3
The mesentery 1- binds the transverse and sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall. 2- attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm. 3- drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine. 4- extends from the posterior wall to wrap around the small intestine. 5- suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver.
4
The pancreatic duct unites with the common bile duct and enters the duodenum at the _______. 1- accessory duct 2- insula of reil 3- haustra 4- hepatopancreatic ampulla 5- santorini ampulla
4
Which attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall? 1- the greater omentum 2- the lesser omentum 3- mesentery 4- the falciform ligament 5- the mesocolon
4
Which of the following statements about gastrointestinal reflex pathways is correct? 1- They regulate GI secretion and motility in response to stimuli present in the lumen of the GI tract. 2- They involve sensory receptors and chemoreceptors whose axons synapse with neurons in the ENS, CNS, or ANS. 3- They involve neurons of the ENS, CNS or ANS and activate or inhibit GI glands and smooth muscle, altering GI secretion and motility. 4- All of these statements are correct.
4
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the enterogastric reflex? 1- Distention of the duodenum by chyme triggers it. 2- Stretch receptors in the duodenal wall are involved. 3- Sympathetic nerves inhibit gastric motility. 4- Contraction of the pyloric sphincter increases gastric emptying.
4
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? 1- The tongue is in direct contact with ingested food, but is still considered to be an accessory digestive organ. 2- The esophagus is a muscular tube that is considered to be part of the gastrointestinal tract. 3- The salivary glands are accessory digestive organs that secrete digestive enzymes into the oral cavity. 4- The gallbladder is a hollow muscular organ that is considered to be part of the alimentary canal. 5- The liver is an accessory digestive organ that produces secretions that flow into the small intestine.
4
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? 1- Incisors are adapted for cutting into food. 2- Cuspids are used to tear and shred food. 3- Molars crush and grind food preparing it for swallowing 4- All of these statements are correct.
4
Which of the following do not undergo chemical digestion? 1- large carbohydrate, vitamins, proteins 2- nucleic acids, ions, cholesterol 3- carbohydrates, protein nucleic acids 4- vitamins, ions, cholesterol
4- vitamins, ions, cholesterol
Functions of the liver include all of the following EXCEPT: 1- bile secretion 2- synthesis of bile salts 3- detoxification 4- bilirubin excretion 5- insulin secretion
5
Which of the following digestive system structures is INCORRECTLY matched? 1- mouth - gastrointestinal tract organ 2- teeth - accessory organ 3- gallbladder - accessory organ 4- esophagus - gastrointestinal tract organ 5- salivary glands - gastrointestinal tract organ
5
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? 1- Rugae are large folds of the stomach mucosa. 2- Surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells secrete mucous which is protective in function. 3- Chief cells secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase. 4- Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid. 5- G cells secrete cholecystokinin into the blood stream.
5
Blood insulin/glucagon ratio is lowest A- fasting B- 1 hour post meal C- 2 hours post meal D- 3 hours post meal
A
Optimum pH for sucrase activity A- 4 B- 5 C- 6 D- 7
C-6
Which of the following is/are most likely to be part of the gastrointestinal reflex pathway? 1. stretch receptors 2. neurons of the autonomic nervous system 3. muscle fibers of the transversus abdominus A- 1 only B- 2 only C- 3 only D- 1 and 2 are correct E- 1, 2, and 3 are correct
D
Which of the indicated structures contains glands which secrete an alkaline mucus that helps neutralize the acidic chyme?
Duodenum