Ch. 25 World War 1 Era

Explain the Spanish flu pandemic that occurred in 1919? (define pandemic)

A form of the influenza epidemic that broke out and got worse when soldiers returned from the war that eventually led to an pandemic (a disease prevalent over a large area or the entire world). 20 million people in Europe, the US, and elsewhere died, India lost 7 million people alone.

What was one major hurdle that had to be overcome at the Paris Peace Conference between the Big 4?

giving every country what was promised to them/ what they wanted

Who was the lost generation

people suffering from shock of the war

What were the main parts of the treaty of Versailles?

The treaty made Germany pay billions of dollars to pay for the damage done/ caused in the war.

How do nationalism and self-determination fit together?

The two groups, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, were seeking self-determination due to nationalism so they could be united in the war.

Why was it a World War?

The war involved many nations/ countries from different parts of the world

How did the end of World War 1 strengthen nationalist movements in the colonies?

The war renewed hope of people in the colonies for independence.

What were the two major events that helped push the United States into World War 1?

- A submarine attack on May 7th in 1915 where an ocean liner carrying more than 100 US citizens among its passengers. - The interception of the Zimmerman Telegram in 1917.

What was the May Fourth movement?

A symbolic day of China's growing nationalism and demand for democracy

What is propaganda and how was it used during the war?

Communication meant to influence the attitudes and opinions of a community around a particular subject by spreading inaccurate or slanted information Government invested heavily in army and navy recruitment campaigns and other wartime propaganda.

What was the minor issue the ballooned out of control and led to the World War? (When did it occur?)

Gavrilo Princip's assassination of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie on June 28th, 1914

How did the treaty punish Germany?

Germany had to pay billions of dollars to par for the damage of the war, give up all of its colonies, and restrict the size of their army.

What was the situation in Russia leading up to the revolution?

Government management was poor leading to a shortage in fuel and food during the winter of 1916-1917, leading to an up rise.

How was Imperialism a long-term cause of the war?

Imperialism was a helping force behind the tensions in Europe leading up to the archduke's assassination

What is Militarism? How did it help lead to World War 1?

It celebrates war and the armed forces, countries would build up their armies or military forces which influenced a heavy public view of war as a competition (more like a game to the people)

Explain the Mandate system? What was it? Who got what and where?

Made to rule the colonies and territories of the Central Powers. Cameroon was divided and given to France and Britain as separate mandates and Arab states became colonies of Great Britain and France.

Explain the concept of total war using examples.

Nations committed all of their resources to war such as the nations domestic population and their military. Women worked in factories producing materials needed for war.

Describe 3 major advances in warfare seen in WW1?

Poisonous gas, machine guns, submarines, airplanes, tanks, and trench warfare.

How did the provisional government in Russia work? What did they try and do for the people?

Reforms were promised to the people such as land retribution and better opportunities for education. The new government consisted of groups of worker and soldiers led by socialists.

How did World War 1 help increase the spread of the Spanish flu?

Soldiers would return from war and spread the disease to their families.

What finally pushed the Germans to surrender on November 11, 1918?

The Allies became too powerful for Germany to handle so they surrendered.

How did Lenin get Russia out of World War 1? What did it cost them?

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed with Germany giving Germany tons of land, including the Ukraine, letting Russia exist the WW.

Who were the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance?

The Triple Entente was Britain, France, and Russia teaming up to be allies. The Triple Alliance was Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy but in 1915, Italy joined the Triple Entente. Later on in the war, the US, China, and Japan joined the Triple Entente and the Ottoman Empire joined the Triple Alliance

Why was the alliance system particularly tricky as a cause to WW1?

The Western European countries became rivals for global domination by owning oversea colonies like Africa

How did the Balfour Declaration cause a problem?

There were lots of Jews moving to Palestine all at once.

How did Vladimir Lenin and his Bolsheviks take control of Russia?

They made a promise of "peace, land, and bread" to hungry war weary Russians.

What was the purpose of Wilson's Fourteen Points?

To create a League of Nations where all nations of the world would talk about conflicts openly to avoid another world war.

What is the significance of the acronym "MAIN" (And what does it stand for)?

To remember the sources of tension that led to the war, Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism

How was the great war initially seen?

Young men and boys viewed the war as an opportunity to become hero's by joining the military. Essentially, the war was seen as a game at a high school pep rally where the speakers predicted their victories in battles that were to be fought.

What did Lenin create in Russia?

a communist government

Where and for who did colonial troops serve their colonial masters?

a. Australian and New Zealand troops formed a special corp known as ANZAC and fought in a year-long campaign at Gallipoli (peninsula Northwest of Turkey) b. Canadian forces fought in many European battles c. Britain drafted African and Indian people for combat roles in Europe

Why was this a global war?

a. many countries were involved such as America, Europe, Asia, and Africa b. the boundaries of the war were huge, Major battles were fought in North Africa and the Middle East

What was the price if the war for civilians?

between 6-18 million civilian casualties due to a target on their back

What was the final body count of the war?

between 8-9 million

What was the Armenian Genocide and why did it occur?

death of 600,000 to 1.5 million Armenians in Turkey due to the Ottoman government thinking that they were against the government

What is self-determination?

the process where a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government.