Ch. 27

Although Egypt was granted internal independence in 1922, it remained in a semi-colonial relationship with Britain until ________.

1956

The principal spokesman for _________ nationalists in the second half of the nineteenth century was José Rizal, whose novels responded to the Spanish justification of colonialism.

Filipino

In the wake of the Industrial Revolution and as Britain's share of India's economy grew, the British increasingly sought to create markets for their own goods there and shunted Indian exports toward _________.

the exclusive use of the British domestic market

Heirs to the Portuguese spice trade, the _________ were the world's undisputed naval power from 1650 to 1750.

Dutch

The Great Mutiny was touched off by the rumor that the British intended to:

Introduce a rifle which required its operator to bite the end from a gunpowder cartridge greased with cow and pig fat.

French imperial and colonial involvement in Indochina began in 1858 under _________.

Napoleon III

After the British prohibited slavery in _______, Ashante merchants in West Africa switched to providing commodities that were in great demand in industrializing Britain.

1807

The Great Mutiny (also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or as the First War of Indian Independence) began in _________.

1857

Italy's imperialist dreams in Africa were stymied by its crushing defeat at the battle of Adowa in ________, in which one-third of its army was killed by Ethiopian forces.

1896

According to its cultivation system in Indonesia, the Dutch forced native farmers either to grow government crops on 20 percent of their land or work for _____ days per year on Dutch plantations.

60

________ was the crucial first step of a European power—in this instance France—seizing provinces of the Ottoman Empire in competition with the Russians, while officially protecting its integrity.

Algeria

The navigator James Cook, during one of his many exploratory journeys in the Pacific, landed in 1770 on the east coast of ______ and claimed it for Great Britain.

Australia

In 1900, Australia finally adopted a federal constitution and became the second fully autonomous British "dominion", after __________.

Canada

Some Europeans claimed that, according to the dictates of their "_______ mission", they had a duty to extend the benefits of European civilization to "backward" peoples.

Civilizing

The _________ was the belief that European colonizers had a duty to extend the benefits of European culture to "backward" peoples.

Civilizing Mission

By the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Mughal emperor's lands had been reduced to the region immediately surrounding _________ and Agra.

Delhi

The British "Raj" was inaugurated when control by the East India Company was replaced by _________.

Direct Rule

After United States and Spain made peace at the end of 1898, the US ignored the independent Philippine government led by _________.

Emilio Aguinaldo.

David Livingstone's ultimate goals were not only to __________ but also to "civilize" Africans by broadcasting the blessings of Christianity and commerce.

Exterminate trafficking in slaves

By 1750, the chief European rival competing against British commercial monopoly in India were the _________, who were aggressively building up both trade and political power in the southern part of peninsular India.

French

_______ forces dispatched a squadron that occupied the sparsely inhabited Mekong River delta in 1858-1862, annexing it as a protectorate.

French

Religious scholars of the 1800s succeeded in making _______ the dominant religion of West Africa.

Islam

Charles X of France claimed that his blockade of Algiers was justified because:

It was in response to an insult by an Algerian dey to his agent.

The greatest spokesman for Filipino nationalism, a movement primarily led by Hispanicized Filipinos of mixed Spanish and indigenous or Chinese descent, in the latter half of the nineteenth century, was _________, whose subversive novels were a response to the Spanish justification of continued colonialism.

José Rizal

The Spanish built their first trade fort in the Philippines at _________, as a place from which to trade with China after conquering Mexico from the Aztecs.

Manila

Portugal used the Berlin conference to expand its coastal footholds in Guinea, Angola and ___________.

Mozambique

The Dutch conquered the Indonesian archipelago, finally subduing the most stubborn opponents, the ________ guerillas of Aceh, in 1903.

Muslim

Some British agents of the East India Company took Indian wives, dressed as Indian princes, and wielded power as local magnates, or __________ (from an Urdu word meaning "viceroy").

Nabobs

The driving force behind Vietnam's early anti-foreign patriotism at the dawn of the twentieth century was _________.

Phan Boi Chau

The period of direct British rule in India following the failure of the Great Mutiny is known as the British _________.

Raj

The takeover of India by the British East India Company was aided by:

Regional leaders' desire to use the Company's sepoy armies in their struggles.

The Belgian Congo under King Leopold II employed mass forced labor of the indigenous population to extract _______ from the jungle.

Rubber

The opening gambit of Great Britain's "Great Game" against __________ was the first Anglo-Afghan war in 1838.

Russia

The ______ for Africa was a competition among European powers to acquire African colonies that began with the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885.

Scramble

In a ca. 1815 painting, an Indian artist depicted a British government official in a pose of:

Supplication to Akbar Shah at his court.

As a result of its loss of Mexico in the early 1800s, Spain began turning to its colony in ________ for agricultural and natural resource exploitation.

The Philippines

To overcome its humiliation in East Africa, Italy tried its hand at imperialism again in 1911 against

Tripolitania

The original goal of the National Congress when it convened in 1885 was to:

Win greater autonomy for India within the structure of the British Empire.

Important early commercial interests in Australia included all of the following EXCEPT:

cacao

A system in which people from one country settle in another, maintaining connections to the mother country, most often used in the context of the exploitation of weaker countries by imperial powers, is referred to as _________.

colonialism

For the British East India Company, the evolution of a shadow government in the area around Calcutta in Bengal on the northeast coast would be strategically advantageous in the wake of the collapse of Mughal central power as regional leaders could _________ in securing British supremacy in the area.

now be enlisted as allied

Australia began its history under British control as a _________.

penal colony

In 1757, the battle of _________ effectively eliminated the French threat in the subcontinent and consolidated Great Britain's supremacy in India following the treaty that ended the Seven Years' War in 1763.

plassy