Ch. 27 Group 2: Sections 27.3-27.4 Dynamic Study Module

What effect does prolonged sweating have on sodium ion levels?

A loss of sodium ions from the ECF

An abnormally high level of which electrolyte could be caused by hyperparathyroidism and would result in kidney stones, confusion, muscle pain, and cardiac arrhythmias?

Calcium

What would be the response of the body to an increase in ECF volume if you were to drink a large quantity of a sports drink?

All of the listed choices are correct. [-Decreased thirst -Increased water and sodium loss in the urine -Natriuretic peptides would be released by cardiac muscle cells.

Which of the following would not be associated with a sensation of increased thirst?

Decrease in the production of ADH

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hyperkalemia?

Decreased blood volume

What is the term for an abnormally high concentration of sodium in the ECF?

Hypernatremia

What is the term for an abnormally low concentration of potassium in the blood?

Hypokalemia

What would happen if you ate a large quantity of salty potato chips without drinking anything?

Secretion of ADH would increase.

Which of the following is NOT a source of water gains?

Sensible perspiration

What would be the effect on the osmotic concentration of blood plasma if you were in the desert without water for a day?

The osmotic concentration of your plasma would increase because of water leaving your body.

What is meant by the term metabolic water?

Water generated during oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following is NOT a basic principle for understanding fluid and electrolyte balance?

Water moves into and out of cells by active transport.

The most common problems with electrolyte balance are caused by __________.

an imbalance between sodium gains and losses

Angiotensin II produces a coordinated elevation in the extracellular fluid volume by all of the following mechanisms except __________.

causing the release of ADH

Extracellular fluids in the body consist of all of the following except __________.

cytosol

When water losses outpace water gains, __________ occurs.

dehydration

Sodium ions enter the ECF by crossing the digestive epithelium via __________.

diffusion and active transport

A fluid shift of abnormally large amounts of water from the plasma into the interstitial fluid is called __________.

edema

The body content of water will rise if __________.

intake exceeds outflow

Whenever the rate of sodium intake or output changes, there is a corresponding gain or loss of water that tends to __________.

keep the sodium concentration constant

Which of the following is a cause of a fluid shift?

All of the listed choices are causes of a fluid shift. -Drinking a large volume of water -Excessive sweating -Diarrhea

Potassium ions are found in the highest concentrations in which of the following fluid compartments?

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Homeostasis maintains a stable internal environment, composed of our body fluids. Which of the following is NOT one of the processes for stabilizing body fluid volumes?

Nutrient balance

Which of the following occurs when an individual loses body water?

Plasma volume decreases, and electrolyte concentrations rise.

Which of the following represents the largest volume of water lost each day under normal physiological conditions?

urine