CH 27 LearnSmart

Place the events in order as they occur when you drink a can of soda pop

1. Your blood sugar levels rise 2. Your pancreas releases insulin 3. Your blood sugar levels fall

Normal body temperature is ______ degrees C.

37 C

Which individual will have the highest BMR?

A 6'2" man weighing 200 Ibs

A person's BMR is influenced by which of the following?

Age, body surface area, gender

Your _____ metabolic rate is the amount of energy your body uses at rest.

Basal

which are dietary sources of protein?

Beans, Nuts, and Fish

Vitamins serve many roles in the body including _______

Calcium absorption, blood clotting, and formation of visual pigments

Produced by the liver, _______ is released into the blood as VLDLs, or made into bile salts

Cholesterol

_________ is a lipid commonly found in animal cell membranes, from which steroids, bile salts, and fat-soluble vitamins are made.

Cholesterol

Once a triglyceride is broken down into glycerol and fatty acids, the fatty acids are broken down into

Citric acid cycle

Iron is an integral component of which of the following?

Cytochromes in the electron transport chain

Good dietary sources of iron include which of the following?

Dark green leafy vegetables & Red meat

In order for acids to be broken down in cellular respiration, the amine group must be removed by a process called ______

Deamination

Which hormones can influence body temperature?

Epinephrine, thyroid hormone, growth hormone

T/F: Cholesterol is found primarily in plant-bases products.

False

Match each mineral with its function in the human body

Fe - Binds oxygen in hemoglobin, binds electrons in the ETS Ca - Blood clotting, bone formation I - Integral part of thyroid hormone Zn - Protein synthesis, wound healing

A mountain climber get separated from his party and is lost for days. Though he is found and survives, his fingers are white and blistered. He is suffering from a condition known as ______

Frostbite

Minerals serve many functions in the human body including which of the following?

Generation of an action potential, binding oxygen, and blood clotting

If blood sugar levels are low, what hormone does the pancreas produce to bring them back up?

Glucagon

In which stage of cellular respiration is a glucose molecule broken down into two pyruvate molecules?

Glycolysis

Identify the stages of cellular respiration in the diagram

Glycolysis- Glucose is broken into two pyruvates Intermediate stage- Each pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle- Acetyl CoA binds to oxaloacetate forming citric acid Electron transport system- Energy in NADH and FADH2 is converted to ATP

Your core body temperature is the temperature of which body parts?

Head and Torso

You fly from your home in sunny warm California to Alaska for a family vacation. In response to the colder temperatures there, your TMR will ____

Increase

Effects of the hormone glucagon on the body include which of the following?

Increased gluconeogenesis, increased glycogenolysis, increased lipolysis

Minerals are ______ ions

Inorganic

After you eat a meal, your pancreas releases what hormone to help store the nutrients you just ate, bringing blood sugar levels down?

Insulin

The hormone _______ is released by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels

Insulin

Someone who does not eat red meat or dark green leafy vegetables is

Iron

Which are minerals?

Iron, calcium, and zinc

The _____ rate is a measure of how much energy is used by the body in a given amount of time

Metabolic

In 2011, the USDA replaced the food pyramid with ______ to help people see the proportion and types of foods they need to eat in order to stay healthy.

My Plate

Your friend tells you she has iron deficiency. Which of the following symptoms might she have?

Pale skin, sensitivity to cold, & fatigue

______ are carbohydrates made of long chains of simple sugars.

Polysaccharides

Fatty acids are separated into which groups?

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Unsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids

Someone who is growing, pregnant, or healing from injury will have a ______ nitrogen balance.

Positive

While you are sleeping, your body must rely on stored nutrients in order to maintain homeostasis, so you are in the _______ state.

Postabsorptive

Meat, dairy products, poultry, fish, beans, and nuts are all good sources of what nutrient?

Protein

BMR can be measured using which instruments?

Respirometer

The ____ metabolic rate is the amount of energy used by the body including that needed for physical activity

Total

Our body requires only small amounts of what type of mineral?

Trace

Because iron is toxic in an unattached form, it is carried in the blood bound to the protein _____

Transferrin

Which lipid is an important energy source?

Triglycerides

T/F: All minerals are obtained from the diet

True

Which vitamin is a precursor molecule for the formation of visual pigments?

Vitamin A

Which options are fat-soluble vitamins?

Vitamin K, D, A

Determine if each vitamin is water-soluble or lipid-soluble

Water-soluble - Vitamin C - Vitamin B Lipid-soluble - Vitamin D - Vitamin E - Vitamin A

The _____ state includes the time from which you eat a meal until the time you absorb the nutrients and generally lasts about four hours

absorptive

If our diet contains only incomplete proteins, we will not have all of the essential _____ we need in order to survive

amino acids

If you are lacking an essential vitamin, you suffer from _______

avitaminosis

The total metabolic rate is calculated by adding the ____ metabolic rate to the metabolism required for physical activity.

basal

A vegetarian can obtain all of their essential amino acids by eating ______

beans and rice

The most important factor affecting a person's basal metabolic rate is their

body surface area

A ______ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius

calorie

Nutrients provide energy to the body in the form of a ______.

calorie

What is the name of a water-filled chamber into which a person is placed, so that changes in water temperature can be recorded in order to estimate their BMR?

calorimeter

Its been many hours since you've eaten and you're quite hungry. Your glucagon levels should be _______

elevated

_______ amino acids cannot be made in the body and must come from the diet.

essential

If insulin levels rise, blood sugar levels should then ______

fall

Iron is stored in the liver bound to ______

ferritin

Cellulose is a good source of ______ in our diet and helps 'keep you regular'

fiber

The "thermostat" of our body that regulates our body temperature is the

hypothalamus

If blood glucose levels start to fall, the pancreas will _______ glucagon secretion.

increase

Shortly after eating a candy bar, your blood glucose levels will _____, causing an _____ in insulin secretion by the pancreas.

increase, increase

If someone is on a high protein, low carb diet (such as the Atkins diet), how does their body ensure enough glucose still gets to the brain?

interconversion of protein to glucose

A disaccharide found in milk, and thus also called 'milk sugar', is _______

lactose

Lacto-ovo vegetarians do not eat ______

meat

A decrease in ______ rate will result in a decrease in body temperature

metabolic

In addition to supplying our body with amino acids, proteins are a good source of _____

nitrogen

Because our body can synthesize _____ vitamins, we do not need to ensure they are part of our diet

nonessential

Our body is able to synthesize some of the 20 amino acids it needs to produce proteins. These amino acids are called ______ amino acids

nonessential

Insulin affects the body in which ways?

stimulates most cells to absorb glucose from the blood, stimulates the liver to store glucose in the form of glycogen, and stimulates adipocytes to absorb triglycerides from the blood

which carbohydrate is a disaccharide found in table sugar?

surcose

Fats and oils are dietary sources of ________

triglycerides