Ch 28: Chapter Test
Although it can be difficult to definitively determine hip dislocation in the field, certain signs and symptoms are usually there. Which of the following statements is false? A. An anterior hip dislocation would probably present with the entire lower limb rotated inward and the hip would usually be flexed. B. Often there is lack of sensation in the limb. C. The posterior hip dislocation is the most common. D. A posterior hip dislocation presents with a bent knee and the foot may hang loose.
A. An anterior hip dislocation would probably present with the entire lower limb rotated inward and the hip would usually be flexed.
Which of the following allows for smooth movement of bone surfaces against one another at joints? A. Ligaments B. Smooth muscle C. Peritoneum D. Cartilage
A. Cartilage
A painter falls from his ladder and tells you he has dislocated his shoulder again. When you attempt to splint the shoulder, it "pops back into place." What should your next step be? A. Check distal CSM, apply a sling and swathe, and transport the patient. B. Contact medical control for input into the best treatment for this patient. C. Check distal CSM, apply a traction splint, and transport the patient. D. Continue splinting and report the popping sound to the triage nurse when you arrive at the hospital.
A. Check distal CSM, apply a sling and swathe, and transport the patient.
Your patient is a 37-year-old man who tripped while walking down a hill and now has a painful, deformed right leg. Your assessment reveals that the foot is cold and mottled in appearance. You cannot detect a pulse in the foot or ankle. Which of the following is the BEST course of action? A. Gently attempt to straighten the leg to regain a pulse before splinting. B. Transport rapidly to the nearest trauma center. C. Splint the leg in the position in which it was found and transport without delay. D. Explain to the patient that, because you cannot detect circulation in his foot, his leg will most likely have to be amputated above the site of the injury.
A. Gently attempt to straighten the leg to regain a pulse before splinting.
Which of the following is NOT a general rule of splinting? A. In order to avoid loss of use of a limb, it is important to splint before moving, even if the patient is unstable. B. Align long-bone injuries to anatomical position. C. Assess distal CSM. D. Expose the injury.
A. In order to avoid loss of use of a limb, it is important to splint before moving, even if the patient is unstable.
Your patient is a 12-year-old female who fell onto her outstretched hands while rollerblading. She has a deformity of her forearm, about 2 inches proximal to her wrist. This injury is a result of which of the following mechanisms? A. Indirect force B. Sudden acceleration C. Twisting motion D. Direct force
A. Indirect force
Which one of the following definitions is NOT true? A. Tendons connect muscles to ligaments. B. Another name for manual traction is tension. C. Joints are places where bones articulate. D. A sprain is the stretching and tearing of ligaments.
A. Tendons connect muscles to ligaments.
Your patient is a 3-year-old girl who is unable to move her elbow after her mother picked her up by the forearm. Proper splinting of this injury would be to immobilize from the ________ to the ________. A. forearm; humerus B. fingertips; shoulder C. wrist; elbow D. wrist; shoulder
A. forearm; humerus
Where could you find the phalange bones? A. Hands and feet B. Lower extremities C. Skull and neck D. Upper extremities
A. Hand and feet.
You are treating a 16-year-old skateboarder who has fallen at the skate park. She has an angulated left forearm that she has in a guarded position. When do you splint this injury? A. Immediately B. During the secondary exam C. During the primary exam D. En route to the hospital
B. During the secondary exam
Your patient is a 60-year-old woman who stepped off a curb and injured her ankle. Your exam shows that her left ankle is swollen and painful. Which of the following should you do? A. Transport the patient immediately to a trauma center, applying high-concentration oxygen en route. B. Explain to the patient that you cannot tell if her ankle is sprained or fractured until she is X-rayed at the emergency department, then splint the ankle. C. Explain to the patient that her ankle is sprained and transport her with her ankle elevated on a pillow and a cold pack applied to the injury. D. Explain to the patient that her ankle is fractured and you must splint her ankle to prevent further injury and reduce pain.
B. Explain to the patient that you cannot tell if her ankle is sprained or fractured until she is X-rayed at the emergency department, then splint the ankle.
The PASG may be used as a splinting device for patients with which of the following suspected injuries? A. Compression fracture of the lumbar or sacral spine B. Fractured pelvis C. Hip dislocation D. None of the above
B. Fractured pelvis
Which one of the following statements is NOT true concerning a knee injury? A. Fractures can occur to the patella. B. Fractures can occur to the proximal femur. C. Fractures can occur to the proximal tibia and fibula. D. There could be pain and tenderness.
B. Fractures can occur to the proximal femur.
Which of the following complications may arise from properly splinting an injured extremity? A. Compromising circulation to the extremity B. Ignoring life-threatening problems while focusing on an extremity injury C. Converting a closed fracture to an open one D. All of the above
B. Ignoring life-threatening problems while focusing on an extremity injury
Your patient is a 28-year-old male who was ejected from his motorcycle after striking a parked vehicle. He has multiple deformities to his upper and lower extremities on both sides. Which of the following would be the BEST way to immobilize this patient's extremities prior to transport? A. Use moldable splints for the upper and lower extremities, padding any voids to fully stabilize the fractures. B. Immobilize the patient to a long backboard without splinting the extremities individually. C. Use padded board splints for the upper extremities and PASG for the lower extremities. D. Use traction splints for the lower extremities and allow the upper extremities to be immobilized by the long backboard.
B. Immobilize the patient to a long backboard without splinting the extremities individually.
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of splinting an injury to bones and connective tissues? A. It may prevent a closed injury from becoming an open injury. B. It restricts blood flow to the site of the injury to prevent swelling. C. It prevents neurological damage due to movement of bone ends or fragments. D. It reduces pain.
B. It restricts blood flow to the site of the injury to prevent swelling.
A method of assessing compromise to an extremity when a musculoskeletal injury is suspected is to learn and follow the six Ps. Which of the items below is NOT one of the six Ps? A. Pallor B. Parenthesis C. Pain D. Paresthesia
B. Parenthesis
Your patient is a 20-year-old college student who has fallen from a third-level balcony onto a wooden deck below. The patient responds to verbal stimuli, is pale in color with moist skin, and has a very obvious deformity with protruding bone ends of his right forearm. Which of the following is the BEST sequence of intervention for this patient? A. Provide immediate manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine; apply high-concentration oxygen by non-rebreather mask; perform a focused history and assessment; apply the cervical collar; apply a padded board splint, sling, and swathe to the forearm injury; and transport. B. Provide manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine along with assessment of breathing, pulse, and the presence of significant hemorrhage; apply high-concentration oxygen; perform a rapid trauma exam; immobilize to a long backboard; transport; and splint the extremity en route if time and resources allow. C. Open the airway; assess breathing; check the carotid pulse; splint the forearm injury; immobilize the patient to a long backboard; apply high-concentration oxygen; and transport. D. Provide manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine along with assessment of breathing, pulse, and the presence of significant hemorrhage; apply high-concentration oxygen; perform a rapid trauma exam; immobilize to a long backboard; and check with medical control about the need to splint the forearm injury prior to transport.
B. Provide manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine along with assessment of breathing, pulse, and the presence of significant hemorrhage; apply high-concentration oxygen; perform a rapid trauma exam; immobilize to a long backboard; transport; and splint the extremity en route if time and resources allow.
The sound or feeling of the ends of broken bones rubbing together is called: A. krepitus. B. crepitus. C. crapilation. D. breakilation.
B. crepitus.
Blood at the meatus of the penis (opening of the urethra) is a sign of: A. priapism. B. pelvic trauma/fracture. C. spinal fracture or injury. D. pelvic dislocation syndrome.
B. pelvic trauma/fracture.
When the EMT is assessing compromise to an extremity, perhaps due to an orthopedic injury, the EMT should initially check what "six Ps"? A. Pain, pallor, position, pulses, placement, and pressure B. Pain, pallor, paresthesia, pulses, paralysis, and pressure C. Pain, pallor, paresthesia, pulses, placement, and pressure D. Pain, pallor, position, pulses, placement, and pad
B. Pain, pallor, paresthesia, pulses, paralysis, and pressure
Which of the following BEST describes the compartment syndrome? A. A serious condition caused by the amount of equipment that must be carried in the ambulance compartments B. A non-life-threatening condition caused by orthopedic injuries in which blood flow is stopped when the bone ends compress the blood vessels C. A serious condition caused by the bleeding and swelling from a fracture or crush injury that becomes so strong that the body can no longer perfuse the tissues against that pressure D. A life-threatening condition caused by trapping the blood flow by a fracture when the bone ends cut the blood vessels
C. A serious condition caused by the bleeding and swelling from a fracture or crush injury that becomes so strong that the body can no longer perfuse the tissues against that pressure
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of musculo-skeletal injury? A. Direct force B. Twisting or rotational forces C. Extensive force D. Indirect force
C. Extensive force
A suspected musculoskeletal injury of the shoulder is BEST managed by which of the following techniques? A. Placing two long padded board splints on either side of the extremity, extending from the shoulder to the wrist B. Using a long-arm air splint C. Placing the arm in a sling and using a triangular bandage to secure it to the body D. Using an upper extremity traction splint
C. Placing the arm in a sling and using a triangular bandage to secure it to the body
A traction splint may be used on which of the following musculoskeletal injuries? A. Possible fracture of the humerus B. Possible fracture of the cervical spine C. Possible fracture of the femur D. Suspected multiple fractures of the femur, tibia, and fibula
C. Possible fracture of the femur.
Which of the following is an injury to the musculature of an extremity? A. Fracture B. Sprain C. Strain D. Luxation
C. Strain
Which one of the following statements is NOT true? A. Cartilage is connective tissue that covers the outside of the bone end and acts as a surface for articulation. B. Ligaments are connective tissues that connect bone to bone. C. Tendons are bands of connective tissue that bind the ligaments to muscles. D. Muscles are the tissues or fibers that cause movement of body parts or organs.
C. Tendons are bands of connective tissue that bind the ligaments to muscles.
A new EMT who is treating a suspected femur injury asks his partner, "How much traction should I pull?" The partner's BEST reply is which of the following? A. Pull enough traction to give the patient some relief from the pain. B. No traction splint applied in the field pulls true traction; they must pull 20 pounds of countertraction. C. The amount of traction applied should be roughly 10% of the patient's body weight and not exceed 15 pounds. D. The amount of traction applied should be 15 pounds.
C. The amount of traction applied should be roughly 10% of the patient's body weight and not exceed 15 pounds.
A pillow is frequently used to splint an ankle or foot injury. It is effective, rapid, and can be used for most patients. Its main weakness is: A. it is hard to access distal pulses after application. B. you might not have a pillow on your ambulance. C. you are not immobilizing the knee and the joint adjacent to the ankle. D. it requires three people to apply.
C. you are not immobilizing the knee and the joint adjacent to the ankle.
The strong white fibrous material called the periosteum: A. covers the bones. B. protects the perineum. C. surrounds the heart. D. surrounds the abdominal cavity.
C.covers the bones.
Got a 91!!!!
Check with someone else
Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. An angulated break is when the broken bone is bent at an angle. B. A greenstick break is an incomplete break in a bone. C. A fracture is any break in a bone. D. A comminuted break is when a bone is broken in only one place.
D. A comminuted break is when a bone is broken in only one place.
Which of the following is a complication of bone fractures? A. Hemorrhage B. Nerve damage C. Swelling D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Your patient is a 70-year-old male whose tractor rolled over onto him. Your assessment makes you suspicious that the patient has a fractured pelvis. Which of the following complications should you anticipate? A. Damage to internal organs B. Damage to the nerves of the lower extremities C. Shock D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following describes an open extremity injury? A. A gunshot wound has penetrated the skin and then fractured the bone. B. Bone ends have lacerated the soft tissues and skin from the inside. C. The joint capsule has been torn open during a dislocation. D. Both A and B
D. Both A and B
Your patient is an 11-year-old male who has a swollen, painful, and angulated right lower arm after falling from his bicycle onto his hands. Which of the following should be considered in the immobilization of his injured extremity? A. Use an upper extremity traction splint. B. Do not attempt to realign the extremity before splinting. C. Immobilize from the shoulder to the wrist. D. Check pulse, movement, and sensation distal to the injury before and after splinting.
D. Check pulse, movement, and sensation distal to the injury before and after splinting.
Which of the following is appropriate in the examination of a painful, swollen extremity of a conscious patient? A. Gently attempting to flex the mid-portion of the bone to check for angulation B. Seeing if you can elicit crepitus on palpation C. Asking the patient to see if he can bear weight on the extremity D. Comparing the injured side to the uninjured side
D. Comparing the injured side to the uninjured side
Which of the following is NOT a principle of splinting that must be considered by the EMT? A. Check the distal neurovascular function before and after splinting. B. Splint an isolated extremity injury before moving the patient to the stretcher. C. Immobilize the site of an extremity injury from the joint above it to the joint below it. D. Gently replace protruding bone ends back beneath the skin to prevent further contamination.
D. Gently replace protruding bone ends back beneath the skin to prevent further contamination.
Distinguishing between a knee dislocation and a patella dislocation can sometimes be difficult. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. The lack of a distal pulse could be a signal of a real emergency. B. You should always check for a distal pulse. C. In a knee dislocation, the tibia is forced anteriorly or posteriorly in relation to the distal femur. D. In a patellar dislocation, the knee will be stuck in flexion but the knee cap will not be displaced.
D. In a patellar dislocation, the knee will be stuck in flexion but the knee cap will not be displaced.
Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning a pelvic wrap? A. You can consider its use based on mechanism of injury (MOI). B. It can be used if the pelvis shows deformity. C. It can be used if the pelvis shows instability. D. It should not be used unless the patient shows signs of shock.
D. It should not be used unless the patient shows signs of shock.
Which of the following structures connect bone ends, making joints more stable? A. Cartilage B. Periosteum C. Tendons D. Ligaments
D. Ligaments
Which of the following statements regarding musculoskeletal injuries is correct? A. All musculoskeletal injuries are life threatening due to the bone bleeding, leading to hypoperfusion. B. Most musculoskeletal injuries are simply splinted and not a life threat to the patient. C. Splints do not adequately fit the patient's extremities and must be modified with padding to ensure immobilization. D. Many musculoskeletal injuries have a grotesque appearance, and the EMT cannot be distracted from life-threatening conditions by a deformed limb.
D. Many musculoskeletal injuries have a grotesque appearance, and the EMT cannot be distracted from life-threatening conditions by a deformed limb.
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for the use of a traction splint? A. Pelvis, hip, or knee injury B. Injury to the lower third of the leg that would interfere with the ankle hitch C. Avulsion or partial amputation where traction could separate the extremity D. Severe swelling and redness at a midshaft femur
D. Severe swelling and redness at a midshaft femur
Which of the following bones is found in the chest? A. Ilium B. Tarsals C. Metacarpals D. Sternum
D. Sternum
The part of the skeleton that is made up from the skull and spinal column is called the: A. appendicular skeleton. B. torso. C. boney skeleton. D. axial skeleton.
D. axial skeleton.
Your patient has a crush injury to the arm. The body can no longer perfuse the tissues against the pressure. This condition is known as: A. perfusing syndrome. B. crushing syndrome. C. fracture syndrome. D. compartment syndrome.
D.compartment syndrome.