Ch. 29

Which of the following is an American organization founded in the early 1920s to promote international peace?

American Committee for the Outlawry of War

What did the governments of Italy and Germany have in common by the 1930s?

Both had established Fascist forms of government.

The Marco Polo Bridge incident brought Japan to war against what country?

China

In November 1941:

Congress passed legislation that allowed the arming of merchant ships

American isolationism declined in turmoil of the Great Depression of the early 1930s.

False

An incident at the Marco Polo Bridge in 1937 triggered a full-scale war between Japan and French Indochina.

False

As a nonmember, the United States refused to have anything to do with the League of Nations in the 1920s and 1930s.

False

By the autumn of 1941, the United States and Germany had reached an understanding to minimize their escalating naval confrontations.

False

Following the aerial Battle of Britain, Germany invaded England.

False

The "good neighbor" polices of the 1920s and 1930s saw the United States permanently remove all its troops from Latin America

False

The Atlantic Charter stated definitively that the United States would remain neutral in Britain's war against Germany.

False

The United States refused to implement any punitive measures against Japan following its establishment of a protectorate over French Indochina in 1941.

False

The cash-and-carry provision of the 1937 Neutrality Law permitted belligerent nations to purchase American goods, including arms and munitions, as long as they were transported on the belligerent nation's own ships.

False

Which of the following statements about the 1940 presidential election is true?

Franklin Roosevelt became the only president to run for and win a third term.

Following the Pearl Harbor attack:

Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States

All of the following statements about the German blitzkrieg of spring 1940 are true, EXCEPT:

Germany carefully avoided attacks on neutral nations and only targeted professed enemies.

The German occupation of Czechoslovakia had what effect on Roosevelt?

He no longer professed impartiality in the impending European struggle.

European debt repayment to the United States during the 1920s was made more difficult by what issue?

High tariff rates limited access of European goods to the American market and the ability of Europeans to earn dollars for repayment

During the Spanish Civil War:

Hitler and Mussolini helped the armed uprising led by Francisco Franco

American foreign policy in Latin America in the period between world wars included all the following EXCEPT:

Insisting that the Monroe doctrine Provided a valid justification for intervention

After the World War I, American public opinion generally supported:

Isolationism

The passage of the lend-lease bill in 1941 signaled what about American opinion?

Isolationist strength was weakening.

A U.S. concern for the growing power of what nation contributed to the convening of the Washington naval-armaments conference?

Japan

During 1931-1932, Japan invaded and conquered what territory in East Asia?

Manchuria

Germany's invasion of what country triggered the beginning of World War II in Europe? a. Czechoslovakia

Poland

In the aftermath of the German blitzkrieg of spring 1940, U.S. defense policy changed in all the following ways EXCEPT:

Roosevelt ceded most of his decision-making authority to his military leaders

Most European nations defaulted on their war debt to the United States during what international crisis?

The Great Depression

Which of the following statements about the European war between June 1940 and June 1941 is true?

The Nazi juggernaut appeared unstoppable.

The Atlantic Charter included all the following principles EXCEPT:

The elimination of communism

By limiting tonnage on capital ships (battleships and aircraft carriers) alone, the Five-Power Treaty (1922) for naval disarmament had what unintended effect?

The treaty sparked a naval arms race in cruisers, destroyers, submarines, and other smaller craft that had not been restricted.

High tariff rates, like those implemented by the United States during the 1920s, have what impact on international trade?

They tend to hinder international trade by making imported goods costlier and therefore less appealing to consumers

Which statement accurately describes the treaties that came out of the Washington naval-armaments conference of 1921-1922?

They were actually without obligation and without mechanisms for enforcement, and ultimately proved ineffective.

At the 1933 Pan-American Conference, the United States supported a resolution that declared no nation had "the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another."

True

In the presidential election of 1940, Franklin Roosevelt became the first president to win a third term.

True

Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor was only one part of a larger offensive launched into Southeast Asia and the Pacific.

True

Most European countries defaulted on their war debts during the Great Depression.

True

The 1940 agreement between the United States and Britain permitted the United States to give England fifty destroyers in exchange for British bases in the Caribbean.

True

The United States offered no substantive help to China after the Japanese conquered Manchuria in 1931-1932.

True

Franklin Roosevelt's opponent in the 1940 presidential election was:

Wendell Willkie

The Trade Agreements Act of 1934:

allowed the president to lower tariff rates significantly for countries that did the same for American goods

Through the lend-lease bill, passed in March 1934, "any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States":

could receive military equipment, supplies, and other necessary materials even if that country lacked the funds to pay for those items

During the 1920s, American global interests such as international trade and investment:

expanded and prevented the United States from entirely withdrawing from the world, despite strong isolationist sentiment

The Neutrality Act of 1935:

forbade the sale of arms and munitions to warring nations

President Roosevelt was hesitant to intervene in the Spanish Civil War because:

he wanted to keep the fight localized

In June 1941, Germany widened the war by:

invading the Soviet Union

The Nye committee:

investigated and criticized the role that bankers and munitions makers played in America's entry into World War I

The Great Depression and the economic struggles it caused during the early 1930s generally made Americans:

more isolationist in sentiment

In the late summer of 1940, President Roosevelt agreed to send fifty "overaged" destroyers to Britain in return for:

ninety-nine-year leases on a series of British naval and air bases in the Western Hemisphere

The Kellogg-Briand Pact:

outlawed war as an instrument of national policy among the signatories

The 1939 Neutrality Act's cash-and-carry provision:

permitted the United States to sell arms to Britain and France if they paid up-front and carried their purchases on their own ships

During the summer of 1941, the United States attempted to restrain Japanese expansion by:

restricting oil exports to Japan and freezing Japanese assets in the United States

In 1940, the Battle of Britain:

saw the British turn back a massive German air attack and force Germany to postpone its invasion plans

The Nine-Power Treaty pledged the signers to:

support the principle of the Open Door

America's "Good Neighbor" Policy:

supported the idea of nonintervention in Latin America

Members of the America First Committee were likely to be all of the following, EXCEPT:

supporters of Roosevelt's foreign policy

What agreement that Hitler personally agreed to was broken with the decision to conquer Czechoslovakia in 1939?

the Munich agreement

Which of the following countries was NOT an Axis power by June 1941?

the Soviet Union

By the autumn of 1941:

the U.S. Navy was engaging the Germany Navy in the Atlantic

What significant objective motivated Japanese expansion into Southeast Asia and the Pacific during 1940-1941?

the expansion's provision of access to vitally needed oil, rubber, and other strategic materials

The Panay incident:

was a Japanese attack on an American ship in China

The Atlantic Charter:

was a joint British-American statement of anti-Axis war aims

The Roosevelt administration's desire to renew diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union in 1933:

was blocked by Congress

The offensives Italy launched in 1940 against Greece and British forces in Egypt:

went poorly and required German assistance

By November 1941, the United States insisted it would reopen trade with Japan only after that country:

withdrew completely from China

Which of the following statements about the attack on Pearl Harbor is NOT true?

A specific attack on Pearl Harbor had been long expected by American officials.