CH 3

The term Middle Passage refers to which of the following? A. African slaves' perilous trans-Atlantic journey to the Americas B. The assimilation process endured by Africans who lived in the Americas C. The social mobility of freed slaves as they acclimated to life off the plantation D. Life on sugar plantations, where slaves were treated as neither humans nor animals

A. African slaves' perilous trans-Atlantic journey to the Americas

As part of its mercantilist policy in the late seventeenth century, England committed which of the following actions? A. Drove the Dutch from New Netherland B. Cut back on monetary appropriations to the Royal Navy C. Awarded the West African slave trade to the Dutch D. Awarded the West African slave trade to the Spanish

A. Drove the Dutch from New Netherland

For which of the following reasons did Britain's King James II create the Dominion of New England in 1686? A. He aimed to strengthen royal control of the American colonies. B. James wanted to consolidate colonial forces to fight the French more effectively. C. James believed it was necessary to prevent further colonial revolts. D. James wanted to draft New Englanders into the fight against Metacom and his people.

A. He aimed to strengthen royal control of the American colonies.

For which of the following reasons did the 1686 Dominion of New England anger American colonists? A. It invalidated the Massachusetts Bay colony's original land titles. B. The plan banned the Puritans' religious practices. C. The plan threatened to prohibit slavery in the colonies. D. It combined the colonial legislatures into one body

A. It invalidated the Massachusetts Bay colony's original land titles.

Which of the following statements is true of the Quaker religion in the 1660s? A. It taught that God imbued all men and women with an "inner light" of grace. B. The Quaker clergy were among the best educated in the colonies. C. Quakers held beliefs that were very similar to those of Puritans. D. Quakerism was the American version of the Church of England.

A. It taught that God imbued all men and women with an "inner light" of grace.

Which of the following describes the process of tribalization that occurred in America in the early eighteenth century? A. Stateless peoples' adaptation to the demands imposed on them by neighboring states B. The adaptation of European colonizers to the manners and morals of native people C. An adoption of American identity by colonists from a variety of European origins D. American colonists' growing attachment to their specific local identities.

A. Stateless peoples' adaptation to the demands imposed on them by neighboring states

Which of the following was true for the Iroquois in New York during the period of imperial warfare in the early eighteenth century? A. The tribe allied with France and Britain and declared their intention to remain neutral. B. They became embroiled in conflicts between Indians and Europeans in the Carolinas. C. The Iroquois swore loyalty to the English in time of war but also aided the American colonists. D. The tribe declared itself a French ally but then destroyed a number of French settlements.

A. The tribe allied with France and Britain and declared their intention to remain neutral.

Which agricultural product served as the foundation for the South Atlantic System in the eighteenth century? A. Rice B. Sugar C. Tobacco D. Indigo

B. Sugar

Which of the following was true of the Restoration Colonies of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and the Carolinas in the 1660s? A. They were created by Charles II as he expanded English power in America. B. Their rulers envisioned a traditional Anglican social order lead by a gentry class. C. Their constitutions re-created Europe's manorial system in America. D. They were all founded by wealthy investors looking for riches in the New World

A. They were created by Charles II as he expanded English power in America.

Which of the following changes occurred in white society in the Chesapeake colonies at the same time that slavery was being forced on Africans? A. Small planters found it easier to prosper by purchasing slaves, making white society more egalitarian. B. A more rigid class structure with a well-defined and highly visible economic and political elite began to emerge. C. The importation of white indentured servants, especially females, increased rapidly at the same time. D. A rising mortality rate among white males was increasing the incentives for their widows to buy slaves to work the land

B. A more rigid class structure with a well-defined and highly visible economic and political elite began to emerge.

Which of the following characterized tobacco, rice, and sugar production in eighteenth-century America? A. Each saved its respective production colonies from extinction. B. Each drove the expansion of the slave trade for a time. C. Each led the American colonies to a greater dependence on England. D. These crops all originated in the colony of Virginia.

B. Each drove the expansion of the slave trade for a time.

Why was the Covenant Chain between New York and the Iroquois people in the eighteenth century significant? A. The treaty prevented the Dutch from regaining control of the colony after the Glorious Revolution. B. It served as a model for relations between the British Empire and other Native American groups. C. The alliance encouraged Native Americans in Massachusetts to migrate and join the Iroquois Nation. D. It discouraged French efforts to seek a similar alliance with Iroquois people in the area.

B. It served as a model for relations between the British Empire and other Native American groups.

Which of the following statements describes the change in English economic philosophy toward the colonies beginning in the 1650s? A. Confident in the colonies' solvency, the royal government no longer required payment of American colonial debts in gold or silver coins. B. No longer content with a favorable balance of trade with European countries, the English government controlled trade with the colonies. C. To increase efficiency, Americans were required to ship their goods to England on the first available vessel, whatever its nation of registry. D. The English required Dutch ships to carry sugar and tobacco from America to England before delivering them elsewhere.

B. No longer content with a favorable balance of trade with European countries, the English government controlled trade with the colonies.

Which of the following areas imported the smallest number of slaves in the early eighteenth century? A. British West Indies B. North America C. Brazil D. Central America

B. North America

Which of the following was true of slavery in the American colonies in the eighteenth century? A. Generally conditions were better in South Carolina and the West Indies than in Virginia. B. Slaves created a sophisticated culture with extended kin relationships and traditions. C. Planters valued African slaves equally, regardless of their origin in Africa. D. Aside from some noteworthy rebellions, slaves rarely rebelled or even dissented.

B. Slaves created a sophisticated culture with extended kin relationships and traditions.

Which of the following statements characterizes the impact of the War for Spanish Succession (1702-1713) in the American Southeast? A. The Choctaw tribal peoples used the European war to expand their power into Georgia and northern Florida. B. The Creek nation used the European war to expand its power into northern Florida and North Carolina. C. With the help of the Iroquois, the Spanish captured and burned Charleston, South Carolina. D. White Carolinians refused to aid or ally with Native American troops for fear that those tribes would attack frontier English settlements.

B. The Creek nation used the European war to expand its power into northern Florida and North Carolina.

Which of the following describes the significance of the Glorious Revolution of 1688 in England and America? A. The event led to a period of lax British rule of its American colonies, with few new laws or taxes. B. The change represented a major step toward democracy in both England and the North American colonies. C. It had little impact on either England or North America apart from overthrowing James II. D. It created democratic governments in Massachusetts, New York, and Maryland, but not in England.

B. The change represented a major step toward democracy in both England and the North American colonies.

The transatlantic slave trade resulted in which of the following outcomes in the eighteenth century? A. The need to expand public education in the northern and middle colonies B. The emergence of polygamous marriage in many African societies C. Humanitarian appeals from the Virginia legislature D. Rising wealth for southern planters at the expense of New England's populace

B. The emergence of polygamous marriage in many African societies

During the period between 1676 and 1750, how did the Virginia gentry try to reduce social discontent? A. They raised the annual poll tax from five to forty-five pounds of tobacco a year. B. The gentry urged even the smallest landholders to purchase slaves and thus support the slavery system. C. Virginia gentry enacted legislation that favored medium-scale farmers at the expense of both the richest and the poorest farmers. D. They disenfranchised poorer whites by increasing the amount of land a man had to own in order to vote.

B. The gentry urged even the smallest landholders to purchase slaves and thus support the slavery system.

Which of the following statements characterized the currency problems that plagued the American colonies in the early and mid-eighteenth century? A. The Currency Act required New England colonies to set up land banks and to issue paper money, which quickly depreciated in value. B. The lack of currency in the colonies led New England states to issue paper money, which English creditors increasingly refused to accept. C. The colonists rejected British currency and required British merchants to buy their products using gold and silver coins. D. Recent discoveries of gold and silver, as well as the seizure of Spanish ships, greatly increased the supply of coins in the colonies.

B. The lack of currency in the colonies led New England states to issue paper money, which English creditors increasingly refused to accept.

What method did Chesapeake planters use in the early eighteenth century to prevent slave revolts? A. Planters paid slaves for extra work and permitted them to buy their own freedom. B. They bought slaves of different ethnic backgrounds to limit their ability to organize. C. They provided incentives such as holiday feasts for compliant slaves. D. Planters provided basic education to which free blacks had no access.

B. They bought slaves of different ethnic backgrounds to limit their ability to organize.

By the middle of the eighteenth century, Chesapeake planters displayed their dominance through A. arrogance. B. gentility. C. aggression. D. idleness.

B. gentility.

In Maryland, the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution was characterized by A. an uprising that became a decade-long war. B. the establishment of the Church of England as the official church. C. the loss of power of the planter elite to yeomen farmers. D. the abolition of indentured servitude

B. the establishment of the Church of England as the official church.

Which of the following statements characterizes life for slaves in the West Indies in the 1700s? A. The slave population skyrocketed on some Caribbean sugar islands, such as Barbados, through natural reproduction. B. The switch from sugar to tobacco cultivation saved slaves from the brutal conditions of the sugar plantations. C. Because the price of slaves was low and the price of sugar was high, slave owners worked their slaves to death and then replaced them with new slaves. D. Because the price of slaves was high and increasing, slave owners treated their slaves better.

C. Because the price of slaves was low and the price of sugar was high, slave owners worked their slaves to death and then replaced them with new slaves.

People from which of the following groups modeled themselves after the English aristocracy in the first half of the eighteenth century? A. Massachusetts farmers B. Philadelphia artisans C. Chesapeake landowners D. New York yeomen

C. Chesapeake landowners

Which of the following was an outcome of the Navigation Acts in the mid-seventeenth century? A. Violent protests broke out in every major colonial port city. B. French and Dutch naval fleets launched devastating attacks against English shippers. C. Colonists were required to export their sugar and tobacco only to England. D. The size of the British merchant fleet decreased by 50 percent.

C. Colonists were required to export their sugar and tobacco only to England.

The extent of violence perpetrated by whites against slaves in any particular geographic area depended on which of the following factors? A. Its population density B. The region's relationship with England C. Its racial composition D. Its religious composition

C. Its racial composition

Which of the following explains why Chesapeake planters treated their slaves less harshly than West Indian planters in the eighteenth century? A. West Indian planters denied slaves' humanity while Chesapeake planters recognized it. B. Chesapeake planters were Christians while West Indian planters were not. C. Profits on sugar were considerably higher than those made through tobacco production. D. Tobacco cultivation was more difficult than sugar production, requiring healthier slaves.

C. Profits on sugar were considerably higher than those made through tobacco production.

For which of the following reasons did war break out between England and Spain in the late 1730s? A. England offered support to the growing Spanish Protestant movement. B. English pirates persisted in attacking Spanish ships. C. Spain was angry over the English settlement of Georgia. D. Spanish merchants had eroded the British slave trade in the Caribbean

C. Spain was angry over the English settlement of Georgia.

Which of the following statements characterizes African states' involvement in the Atlantic slave trade? A. The West African kingdom of Dahomey refused to allow the export of male slaves. B. No African kingdoms actively participated in the Atlantic slave trade. C. The Asante kings used the profits of slave trading to expand their political dominion. D. In the West African kingdom of Benin, the sale of slaves became a state monopoly.

C. The Asante kings used the profits of slave trading to expand their political dominion.

Which of the following describes the character of Britain's empire in America before 1660? A. Angered by strict imperial rule, the colonists demanded their rights as Englishmen. B. Royal bureaucrats imposed colonial order harshly and consistently. C. The British ruled their American colonies in a haphazard and lax manner. D. Involved in its own situations at home, England took no interest in any of its colonies

C. The British ruled their American colonies in a haphazard and lax manner.

Which of the following events provoked a major crisis for Puritans in Massachusetts in the seventeenth century? A. A Dutch blockade of the Boston harbor B. The Stono Rebellion C. The annulment of Massachusetts' charter D. The introduction of slavery into the colony

C. The annulment of Massachusetts' charter

How did South Carolina planters respond in the aftermath of the Stono Rebellion in 1739? A. They shipped most of their slaves to the West Indies. B. They improved the working conditions of their slaves. C. The planters decided to import fewer Africans. D. They hanged about 20 percent of the black population

C. The planters decided to import fewer Africans

Which of the following statements describes the dominant approach to settlement in North Carolina in its early years? A. Independent yeoman farm families were recruited to settle both colonies. B. To attract settlers, the proprietors advertised heavily in Europe. C. The proprietors planned to set up a manorial system, but this plan failed. D. The proprietors were successful in creating a manorial system and a large class of serfs

C. The proprietors planned to set up a manorial system, but this plan failed.

In the mid-1700s, how were the English colonies throughout the British Atlantic empire primarily linked? A. A sophisticated system of roads connected the colonies. B. There were cultural similarities in the colonies. C. Trade relationships promoted ties between the English colonies. D. The colonies all had socioeconomic commonalities.

C. Trade relationships promoted ties between the English colonies.

The British colonists in eighteenth-century North America enjoyed a significant degree of autonomy over their royal governors mainly due to A. democratic election processes. B. their ability to recall unpopular officials. C. their control over governors' salaries. D. the practice of salutary neglect.

C. their control over governors' salaries.

Where did the first colonists who settled South Carolina and introduced racial slavery in the 1660s come from? A. Brazil B. Virginia C. England D. Barbados

D. Barbados

Which of the following statements characterizes the colonial shipbuilding industry during the early eighteenth century? A. Philadelphia alone built and launched about 15,000 tons of freighters annually. B. Colonial shipbuilders relied on imported British rope and sails. C. Most shipbuilding took place in New Jersey and Connecticut. D. Colonial-built ships eventually made up about a third of the British merchant fleet.

D. Colonial-built ships eventually made up about a third of the British merchant fleet.

The Navigation Acts of the mid-seventeenth century included which of the following stipulations? A. American colonists were required to trade with the French West Indies. B. Americans had to transport goods on English, not colonial, ships. C. Massachusetts shippers could not refuse to participate in the slave trade. D. European goods imported to the colonies had to go through English ports.

D. European goods imported to the colonies had to go through English ports.

Which of the following combinations describes wealthy Chesapeake and Southern women in the first half of the eighteenth century? A. Illiterate and hardy B. Uneducated and lonely C. Industrious and political D. Genteel and deferential

D. Genteel and deferential

Which American colony was established in the 1660s as a haven for Quakers? A. Massachusetts B. Connecticut C. New York D. Pennsylvania

D. Pennsylvania

Which of the following occurred in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution of 1688? A. Catholic Ireland came under the control of the English government. B. New York and New Jersey sought independence from the crown. C. The king appointed Sir Edmund Andros as governor of New England. D. Plymouth, Maine, and Massachusetts Bay were joined to create a new royal colony.

D. Plymouth, Maine, and Massachusetts Bay were joined to create a new royal colony.

What did the British policy of salutary neglect of the American colonies in the early eighteenth century mean? A. Britain ignored Americans' hopes for independence instead of suppressing them violently. B. Britain refused to defend the colonies and instead expected colonial taxpayers to assume the entire burden. C. The English failed to enforce nearly all the laws that Parliament passed regarding the colonies. D. The British relaxed their supervision of the colonies' internal affairs while concentrating on defense and trade policies.

D. The British relaxed their supervision of the colonies' internal affairs while concentrating on defense and trade policies.

What spurred slaves to organize the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina in 1739? A. The Spanish in Florida had prohibited the sale of slaves from South Carolina. B. The colony's whites were grossly mistreating the slaves. C. The war with Carolina Indians created general conditions of unrest. D. The Spanish governor in Florida had promised freedom to fugitive slaves.

D. The Spanish governor in Florida had promised freedom to fugitive slaves.

Which of the following occurred as a consequence of the "tobacco revolution" in Virginia and Maryland in the late seventeenth century? A. Diminishing profits for planters B. Increased enslavement of Indians C. Much harsher working conditions for slaves D. The creation of a slave-based plantation economy

D. The creation of a slave-based plantation economy

The Navigation Acts, implemented in the American colonies by Britain in the mid-seventeenth century, were originally intended to A. build up the colonial shipbuilding industry. B. increase royal revenue by taxing colonial shipping. C. allow the colonies to be more self-sufficient. D. cut the Dutch and French out of the colonial trade.

D. cut the Dutch and French out of the colonial trade.

When the early eighteenth-century Anglo-French wars temporarily ended with the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, Britain had A. neither gained nor lost land because both sides were exhausted and agreed to restore all territories taken from each other since 1689. B. lost control of the Iroquois and access to the western Indian trade, although it had gained control over the mouth of the Mississippi River. C. lost ground to the French in the struggle for North America, with the French then firmly in control of all territory north of New England and west of the Appalachians. D. won major territorial and commercial gains, including Newfoundland, Acadia, and the Hudson Bay region as well as access to the western Indian trade.

D. won major territorial and commercial gains, including Newfoundland, Acadia, and the Hudson Bay region as well as access to the western Indian trade.