Ch. 3 & 14- Peritoneum & Retroperitoneum
3 compartments of retroperitoneum
1. Anterior pararenal space 2. Perirenal space (IVC and Aorta are here) 3.Posterior pararenal space
lymphadenopathy is commonly seen in people with what
AIDS
The anterior, called ---, and posterior, called ---, perirenal fascia divide the retroperitoneum coronally into three compartments
Anterior- Gerotas Posterior- Zuckerkandls
A fecalith or calcification found in the appendiceal lumen.
Appendicolith
Which of these are commonly seen with metastatic cancers of the ovary, colon, and stomach?
Complex ascites Omental caking Peritoneal implants
Located at the right lateral aspect of the lesser sac and is the opening communicating with the greater sac.
Foramen of Winslow
____________________________ refers to free blood within the peritoneal cavity.
Hemoperitoneum
What is the most common primary malignancy of the retroperitoneum?
Liposarcoma
What sign is seen on U/S representing anterior and posterior node masses surrounding mesenteric vessels
Mesenteric sandwich
This potential space is created by the peritoneum, reflecting from the liver over to the right kidney.
Morrison's pouch
This is a chronic inflammatory process that results in fibrous tissue proliferation affecting and encasing the great vessels, ureters, and lymphatics of the retroperitoneum. (Hint - ureters are frequently obstructed)
Ormond's disease
A rare, borderline malignant process that results when a benign appendiceal or ovarian adenoma ruptures, spilling epithelial cells into the peritoneum.
PMP
A diagnostic or therapeutic procedure performed to remove ascites from the peritoneal cavity.
Paracentesis
Ascites typically collect in the
Paracolic gutters and Morrison's Pouch.
The kidneys and the adrenal glands lie in what space?
Perirenal space
This lesion typically appears as a thick-walled fluid collection that may contain ischemic tissue, pus, and blood components. It is caused by an inflamed or perforated organ, surgical complication, or a parasite.
Peritoneal abscess
Rare, primary malignant tumor that is associated to asbestos exposure.
Peritoneal mesothelioma
The quardratus lumorum and psoas muscles lie posterior to the _________ and are separated from this space by their own fascia.
Posterior pararenal space
The crus of the diaphragm is located:
Posterior to all structures except for the Ao
Another name for Ormond's disease
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
posteriorly located compartment that lies between the posterior portion of the parietal peritoneum and the transversalis fascia (posterior abdominal wall muscles). Extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis.
Retroperitoneum
An extraperitoneal potential space located between the anterior wall of urinary bladder and the pubic symphysis.
Space of Retzius
SADPLUCKER
Superior Mesenteric Artery/Vein & Splenic Artery/Vein Aorta/IVC & Adrenal glands Duodenum (2nd - 4th parts) & Distal CBD Pancreas/Prostate Lymphatics Ureters Colon (Ascending and Descending)/Cru of Diaphragm Kidneys Esophagus Rectum
The Greater Omentum is divided into which two compartments?
Supracolic and Infracolic
This type of ascites is characterized by the lack of protein and cellular materials in the fluid. It is often associated with PHTN and CHF.
Transudative
Characterized by a lack of protein and cellular materials in fluid. Typically has a simple appearance and is often associated with PHTN and congestive cardiac disease.
Transudative ascites
What is the name of the condition that involves bowel wall thickening and is confined to the colonic mucosa and submucosa?
Ulcerative colitis
The potential space created by the peritoneal reflection over the uterine fundus, broad ligament, and the posterior urinary bladder.
Uterovesicle space
A retroperitoneal _______________________ may develop as an extension from an adjacent organ such as renal infection, diverticulitis, and Chron's disease or due to an existing retroperitoneal fluid collection that has become infected.
abscess
adenopathy
also called lympadenopathy; enlargement of the lymph nodes due to inflammation, primary neoplasia, or metastasis
urinoma
an extravasated urine collection due to a tear of the urinary collection system
Teratomas can contain
cartilage, teeth, bone, and soft tissue
The colon extends from ileum to anus. Divided into segments called haustra, it is largest at the ____________ ____________.
cecal end
Most common cause of ascites
cirrhosis
The peritoneal cavity is divided into 4 quadrants or into 9 regions. What region lies between the right and left hypochondriacs?
epigastric
two compartments of the Peritoneal cavity
greater sac & lesser sac
second most common retroperitoneal malignancy
leiomyosarcoma
lymph nodes are described based on their
location
enlargement of lymph nodes caused by inflammation, primary neoplasia, or metastasis
lymphadenopathy
What is a distension of the appendix by mucus?
mucocele
Potential spaces or grooves found along the lateral ascending and descending colon that conduct fluids between the supracolic compartment of the abdomen and the infracolic compartment of the inferior abdomen and pelvis.
paracolic gutters
This space in the retroperitoneum lies between the posterior renal fascia and the transversalis fascia and contains no organs, only fat.
posterior pararenal space
The pelvic retroperitoneum is divided into four subdivisions. The presacral space is located between the ________ and fascia covering the ________ and posterior pelvic floor musculature.
rectum, sacrum
Organs found within the greater sac:
spleen, cecum, ileum, upper 2/3 of rectum
Lymph nodes that lie posterior to main vessels provide the most reliable indicator of lymphadenopathy since they frequently displace _____________________________.
the IVC and Aorta anteriorly.
The greater omentum hangs from
the greater curvature of the stomach like an apron surrounding the area to wall off infection
A seroma is a fluid collection composed of blood products located adjacent to or surrounding ____________________ organs in the early postsurgical period.
transplanted
