ch 3 carbs ch 4 proteins midterm exam

The nurse is conducting a nutrition class of individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes. The nurse explains that shortly after eating, what happens in the body?

The pancreas releases insulin to move the glucose from the blood stream to the individual cells.

The nurse recognizes that carbohydrates are a class of energy-yielding nutrients that contain which of the following elements? Select all that apply. carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen calcium

carbon hydrogen oxygen

The nurse is assessing the food intake a client who has recently taken up a vegan diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend the client include when meal planning to ensure there are complete or complementary proteins in the diet?

black bean and barley soup

The body depends on carbohydrates to provide energy. Which organ is totally dependent on glucose for energy?

brain

The nurse recognizes that whole-grain products must consist of the certain components of the grain. What of the following is one of those components?

bran

The nurse is providing education on nonnutritive sweeteners. The nurse should include a cautionary discussion about using nonnutritive sweeteners when trying to lose weight for which of the following reasons?

calories come from more than just sugar.

The nurse is educating a newly diagnosed diabetic about glycemic response. Which statement from the client indicates an understanding of the effect food has on blood glucose concentration?

"A food's glycemic response can be influenced by many variables."

The nurse is teaching the client about healthy consumption of carbohydrates. The nurse is sure that teaching has been effective when the client makes what statement?

"I should plan my intake to increase fiber and limit added sugars."

The nurse is assisting a client who has been diagnosed with hepatitis. The client is a vegan and is having difficulties eating a high-protein diet. "I don't want to get fat!" the client insists. How can the nurse respond?

"Your body needs the extra protein to heal."

When providing nutritional information to a client seeking to make eating pattern changes, the nurse correctly states the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for total carbohydrate intake for adults is how much?

130 g /day

The nurse is helping a client learn how to count carbohydrates for a low-carbohydrate diet. The nurse explains that a 1 ounce-serving of grain is estimated to provide how many grams of carbohydrates?

15

The nurse is reviewing a client's food log and calculating how many calories the client has consumed. The nurse knows that there are how many calories in a gram of carbohydrates? Enter the correct answer ONLY.

4

A 75-year-old client has been brought to the hospital by family members after they found him confused and disoriented at home. Initial assessment indicates malnutrition and muscle wasting. He is found to weigh approximately 50 kilograms. What is the minimum amount of protein that he should receive on a daily basis?

40 grams

The nurse is teaching a client the MyPlate 2000-calorie plan. The nurse explains that nutrients can be found in more than one group. Approximately what percentage of protein comes from the protein group?

40%

The nurse prepares dietary teaching for a client. What percentage of calories should the nurse identify as being from carbohydrate sources?

45-65%

The nurse is assiting a client in determining nutritional needs. If the client weighs 130 pounds, what is the protein RDA in grams? Record the answer as a whole number.

47 grams

The nurse is helping a client incorporate vegetables into a carbohydrate reduced meal plan. The nurse explains that half a cup of "watery" vegetables contains approximately how many grams of carbohydrates?

5

The nurse is seeing a client who is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The client tells the nurse she does not want to consume chemical based nonnutritive sweeteners. Which of the following sugar alternatives should the nurse recommend?

stevia

The nurse recognizes that disaccharides are composed of two sugar molecules. The combination of glucose and fructose creates:

sucrose

The nurse notes that a client has had a substantial loss of muscle mass of both arms and legs over the last two weeks. Which question should the nurse ask to help determine the reason for the client's change in muscle tissue?

"Can you tell me what you've been eating lately?"

The nurse is seeing a client who is not certain why a food is called a complete versus incomplete protein. How might the nurse explain this?

"Complete proteins provide all 9 essential amino acids."

A nurse has been trying to teach a client newly diagnosed with diabetes how to interpret food labels and recognize sugars. The client is very upset. He understood about "glucose" but considered "fructose" to be safe to eat without monitoring the amount of intake. Which of the following would be an appropriate response from the nurse?

"Fructose is changed to glucose by the liver."

The nurse has just finished educating a group of students about the metabolism of amino acids within the liver. Which statement from the student indicates an understanding of the metabolism occurring in the liver?

"It removes the nitrogen from amino acids so that they can be used for energy."

A student is asking the nurse for suggestions about the best way to build up muscle mass. The student says that he has been eating a lot of protein but it isn't working. What suggestion should the nurse make?

"Resistance training is necessary to increase muscle mass."

The nurse is seeing a client who has been reading about the different nonnutritive sweeteners that are listed on his menu plan as acceptable alternatives to sugar. The client is questioning saccharin because he read that it is a potential carcinogen. How should the nurse respond?

"The FDA has officially withdrawn the proposed ban because evidence is weak."

The nurse is caring for a client with a non-healing wound and has called the health care provider to request new diet orders. Which statement indicates an understanding of the diet needed for this client?

"The client would benefit from a high-quality protein diet to meet the increased demands on the body related to wound healing."

When seeing a vegetarian client who requires education regarding the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, the nurse should direct the client to the see that the recommended range of protein intake is how much?

10% to 35%

The nurse is aware that protein is a component of every living cell. In a healthy adult, protein accounts for what percentage of total weight?

20%

A client with diabetes is prescribed an eating plan of 1800 calories per day, 45% of which are to be carbohydrates. When instructing on this eating plan, how many grams should the nurse instruct the client to ingest as carbohydrates each day? Round to the nearest whole number.

203

The nurse is teaching a nutrition class to a group of adults. The nurse indicates that the Adequate Intake (AI) for total fiber is set at which of the following amounts?

25 g/day for women; 38 g/day for men

The nurse is helping a community outreach program to promote healthier eating habits. According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, how many ounces of grains is recommended daily?

6

The nurse recognizes that the most common monosaccharides contain how many carbon atoms?

6

One of the topics discussed in a health teaching class for clients recently diagnosed with Type II diabetes is how to calculate the recommended dietary allowance for protein in a healthy adult. The class is given the following exercise: "What is the RDA for an individual weighing 75 kg?" The nurse realizes that teaching is effective when the class indicates what as the correct RDA for protein for this individual?

60 grams

The nurse is seeing a client who weights 176-pounds and is trying to adopt a healthier diet. When assisting this client to develop a plan, the nurse determines that this client should consume how many grams of protein daily?

64

The nurse is assessing a client newly admitted to the unit with a fractured right femur. The client is 6 feet 3 inches tall and weighs 198 pounds. Which of the following is the client's estimated daily protein requirement?

72 grams

During the assessment of a school-aged child, the parent comments that the client has a poor appetite but will drink milk. The parent is concerned the client is not getting enough protein. The nurse explains that each cup of milk contains how much protein?

8 grams

The nurse is providing a follow up nutritional session with a client. The client is surprised to learn that carbohydrates have fewer calories than fat does. The client has calculated that she consumed 200 grams of carbohydrates for the day. The nurse knows the client consumed a daily total of how many calories?

800 calories

The nurse is seeing a client who is considering a vegetarian diet. When the client asks about digestibility of animal proteins, which of the following is the correct response by the nurse?

90 to 99%

A young mother is concerned about her children developing dental caries and is asking for appropriate suggestions to help prevent them. Which of the following is an appropriate suggestion for the nurse to offer?

Avoid sugary items that stay in the mouth for a long time.

The nurse is teaching a nutrition class. The nurse recognizes that the students understand the lesson when one student makes which of the following statements?

monosaccharides are absorbed in the body without undergoing digestion.

The nurse notes that a 38-year-old client has +1 pitting edema of both lower extremities. Which information in the client's history would help explain this assessment finding?

Follows a vegan eating plan

A client has come to the clinic with vague complaints of weakness. The nurse notes on assessment that the client is eating a very restricted diet with little to no carbohydrates and is exercising four times a week. The nurse recognizes which of the following is the most likely factor contributing to the client's symptoms?

Low carbohydrate intake

Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins the body needs. Which of the following concept(s) is related to protein synthesis? Select all that apply. Protein turnover Nitrogen balance Metabolic pool Protein catabolism Urea removal

Protein turnover Metabolic pool

During a home visit the nurse notes that a client's stage 2 pressure injury is not healing as quickly as expected. Why should the nurse assess this client's intake of carbohydrates?

They spare protein needed for healing

A client recently decided to adopt a vegetarian lifestyle and has asked the nurse for assistance in meal planning. The client wants to make sure they will get enough protein now that they will no longer be eating meat. Which food option(s) will help the client meet their daily protein requirement? Select all that apply. Yogurt with granola Hardboiled egg Strawberries Black bean burger Grapes

Yogurt with granola Hardboiled egg Black bean burger

The school health nurse is providing education to a group of children about the differing nutritional values of sugars. When discussing added sugars, the nurse knows teaching has been effective when the children state which of the following?

add sugars provide empty calories.

When providing teaching to a client who would like to learn more about protein, the nurse correctly tells the client which of the following is a nonessential amino acid?

asparagine

The nurse recognizes that nonnutritive sweeteners are produced from a variety of sources. One common sweetener is produced by combining amino acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine. This common nonnutritive sweetener is called which of the following?

aspartame

When providing education to a group of students, the school health nurse correctly states that around the world, the most commonly found nutrient in the human diet is which of the following?

carbohydrates

The nurse is preparing to teach a class on the benefits of eating whole grains. The nurse is aware that eating patterns rich in whole grains are associated with a lower risk of which of the following health problems?

cardiovascular disease

The client is a 21-year-old male who was in a motorcycle accident, sustaining a fractured femur and closed head injury. The health care provider has requested a nitrogen balance determination. The record indicates a 24-hour protein intake of 70 grams. A 24-hour urinary urea nitrogen collection result was 18.5 grams. The nurse recognizes that this client is in which of the following states?

catabolic protein

The National Academy of Sciences has put forth a recommendation to replace the terms "insoluble" and "soluble" with terms more descriptive of the physiologic benefits of particular fibers. What term has been suggested for intact and naturally occurring plant fiber?

dietary fiber

The nurse is explaining the different type of sugars to a client. The nurse correctly classifies maltose and lactose in which of the following sugar categories?

disaccharides

The nurse is reviewing a client's food log. The client recently changed to a vegetarian diet, and the nurse is concerned that the client is not consuming enough iron. Which of the following can the nurse recommend to the client to increase her iron intake?

dried apricots

The nurse is aware that proteins carry out many different functions in the body. Some facilitate changes in the body without changing themselves. What are these special proteins called?

enzymes

The nurse is discussing enriched grains with a group of young mothers. The nurse informs the women that enriched grains must be fortified with which of the following?

folic acid

The nurse is explaining the role of the liver in processing protein to a nutrition class. As the proteins are broken down, what does the liver do with the nitrogenous wastes?

forms urea

Proteins vary in shape. Which does a protein's shape determine?

function

The nurse is explaining to a group of college students how the body tries to maintain a steady supply of glucose for energy between meals. The nurse explains that the liver breaks down which substance to release glucose?

glycogen

The nurse who is providing education during a nutritional class shares that the individual body cells take only as much glucose as is needed for immediate energy. The nurse knows teaching has been effective when the students states the liver and muscle cells store excess glucose as which of the following?

glycogen

The nurse is aware that the body can convert glucose to other essential carbohydrates as needed. Which of the following are some of those carbohydrate-containing compounds? Select all that apply. keratin sulfate hyaluronic acid ketones glucagon

keratin sulfate hyaluronic acid

A client has been brought to the unit with general complaints of nausea, fatigue, and anorexia. On assessment, the nurse learns that the client has not been eating well and has been eating mainly a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet. The nurse is aware that which of the following may be occurring?

ketosis

The nurse is explaining how the body uses amino acids and proteins. The nurse explains that which structure in the body determines how amino acids are used?

liver

When teaching about the path of glucose in the body, the nurse can explain that after it is absorbed into the intestinal mucosa, glucose travels next to which of the following body organs?

liver

The nurse recognizes that glucose, fructose, and galactose are also referred to as which of the following?

monosaccharide

The nurse is aware that glycogen is the stored version of glucose available for when the body may need it. The nurse knows that the majority of the glycogen is stored in which part of the body?

muscles

The nurse is discussing protein with the class. After the class, the students can identify which of the following amino acids is an essential one?

phenylalanine

The nurse recognizes that the bran layer of grains contains many components that are beneficial. When teaching about the nutritional benefits of whole grains, the nurse states that one of the nonnutrient compounds that has been associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases is which of the following?

phytonutrients

The nurse is explaining catabolism in relation to exercise. Which term for exercise training is used to describe exercise that causes microscopic tears in the muscle tissue?

resistance

The client understands that combining a complete protein with an incomplete protein is a good source. Which of the following is an example of complementary complete and incomplete proteins?

rice pudding

The nurse educator is discussing the effects of the digestion process of starch in a nutritional health class. The class should understand that cooked starch begins digestion due to the action of which of the following?

salivary amylase.

The nurse is facilitating a weight management class for a group of adolescents. Today's discussion is about recognizing the added sugars in their diets. After the meeting, the students can successfully recognize that which product contains the most added sugar?

soda

Carbohydrates are classified as either simple sugars or complex carbohydrates. Which complex carbohydrate is the most common?

starch

The nurse instructs a client on foods to increase total fiber intake to 25 grams/day. Which breakfast choice indicate that teaching has been effective?

½ cup all bran cereal, ½ cup skim milk, 1 slice whole wheat bread, sliced pear