ch 3 prepU

hypoglycemia

Fatigue, drowsiness, hunger, tremulousness, and cold clammy skin would suggest

Red Flag of Hypokalemia

Symptoms include a serum potassium concentration ([K+]) lower than 3.5 mEq/L,

Primary actions

are those associated with the therapeutic effect.

What changes due to aging in the geriatric client may affect excretion and promote accumulation of drugs in the body?

decreased glomerular filtration rate.

Drug allergy

involves the formation of antibodies to a particular drug.

Potassium

is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles.

The electrolyte that can cause the most serious effects when it is altered, even a little,

is potassium.

Hypersensitivity

refers to an excessive response to either primary or secondary effects of a drug

The nurse provides health education for a diverse group of clients. For which client should the nurse emphasize the risk of teratogenic drug effects?

20-year-old female client who has been diagnosed with a chlamydial infection

Preoperative atropine belongs to what classification of drugs? cholinergic anticholinergic benzodiazepine diuretic

Atropine, a drug used preoperatively to dry up secretions, is the prototype anticholinergic drug

drugs that can affect Hypoglycemia

Glipizide (Glucotrol) and glyburide (DiaBeta) are antidiabetic agents that have the desired action of lowering the blood glucose level but can lower blood glucose too far, causing hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia

Some drugs affect metabolism and the use of glucose, causing a low serum blood glucose concentration, or hypoglycemia.

The nurse would assess a client receiving which medication for possible superinfection? antibiotics antihistamines antihypertensives antineoplastics

antibiotics Explanation: Superinfection is caused by several kinds of drugs, especially antibiotics (which destroy the normal flora).

A client develops stomatitis from drug therapy. Which measure would be most appropriate for the nurse to suggest?

frequent rinsing with cool liquids mouth care with a nonirritating solution The client should consume frequent small meals rather than three large meals.

example of hypokalemia

loop diuretics function by causing the loss of potassium, as well as of sodium and water.

Drugs that can cause Hyperkalemia

potassium-sparing diuretics, can lead to potassium retention and a resultant increase in serum potassium levels (hyperkalemia). drugs that cause cell death or injury, such as many antineoplastic agents, also can cause the cells to release potassium, leading to hyperkalemia.

drugs that can affect hyperglycemia

Ephedrine (generic), a drug used as a bronchodilator and antiasthma drug and to relieve nasal congestion, can break down stored glycogen and cause an elevation of blood glucose by its effects on the sympathetic nervous system.

Hyperkalemia

Increase in serum potassium levels (hyperkalemia) it would show the serum potassium level to be greater than 5 mEq/L weakness, muscle cramps, diarrhea, numbness and tingling, slow heart rate, low blood pressure, decreased urine output, and difficulty breathing.

A client with lymphoma is scheduled to begin chemotherapy tomorrow. When providing health education for the client regarding the risk for stomatitis, what should the nurse teach the client?

Techniques for providing safe and effective mouth care

An older adult client has an elevated serum creatinine level. This client is at greatest risk for which medication-related effect?

Toxicity Explanation: An elevated creatinine level is indicative of diminished kidney function, which will result in serum drug toxicity.

Many drugs, if taken during pregnancy, can cause adverse effects to the fetus. It is important for nurses to teach women the potential risks of fetal drug exposure. What are some potential risks? (Select all that apply.)

central nervous system defects limb deformities heart anomalies blindness facial defects

The nurse is assessing a client whose debilitating headache did not respond to the recommended dose of an OTC analgesic. In response, the client took another dose 30 minutes later and then a double dose one hour after that. The nurse's assessment should focus on the possibility of:

poisoning.

Neurologic dysfunction

would most likely be manifested by confusion, delirium, insomnia, drowsiness, and changes in deep tendon reflexes.

Can assess for hyperglycemia is notice these symtpoms

Fatigue, increased urination (polyuria), increased thirst (polydipsia), deep respirations (Kussmaul respirations), restlessness, increased hunger (polyphagia), nausea, hot or flushed skin, and fruity odor to breath may be observed.

Hyperglycemia

Some drugs stimulate the breakdown of glycogen or alter metabolism in such a way as to cause high serum glucose levels, or hyperglycemia.

When instructing a client who is taking an antibiotic about the possibility of nausea and diarrhea, the nurse understands that these effects are examples of:

secondary actions. Explanation: Secondary actions are effects that are inevitable and undesired but not related to the desired pharmacologic effects. Nausea and diarrhea are examples of secondary actions due to an antibiotic's effect on the gastrointestinal tract.

Renal injury

would be manifested by elevated BUN and creatinine concentration, decreased hematocrit, and electrolyte imbalances, fatigue, malaise, decreased urine output and irritability.

A client with a recent history of peripheral edema has been taking hydrochlorothiazide 75 mg PO daily. The client reports increased appetite and restlessness to the nurse and inspection reveals warm, flushed skin. What is the nurse's best action?

Assess the client's blood glucose level.

A client who is being treated for cancer developed a serum sickness reaction. The care team has been notified, and the client is being stabilized. What is the nurse's priority action?

Discontinue the drug immediately as ordered.

A client with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder has begun lithium therapy. What is the primary rationale for the nurse's instructions regarding the need for regular monitoring of the client's serum drug levels?

It is necessary to ensure that the client's drug levels are therapeutic but not toxic.

hypokalemia

Some drugs affecting the kidney can cause low serum potassium levels by altering the renal exchange system.

symptoms of hypoglycemia

Symptoms may include fatigue; drowsiness; hunger; anxiety; headache; cold, clammy skin; shaking and lack of coordination increased heart rate; increased blood pressure; numbness and tingling of the mouth, tongue, and/or lips; confusion; and rapid and shallow respirations. In severe cases, seizures and/or coma may occur.

The nurse is assessing a new client who states being allergic to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs. What subsequent assessment should the nurse prioritize?

asking the client what the client's response is to taking NSAIDs

A client is four months' pregnant. She works in the chemical unit of a research department and is responsible for handling various chemicals. Her gynecologist advised her not to expose herself to chemical or industrial vapors and specific drugs. These restrictions are advised because exposure to industrial vapors could: affect the eighth cranial nerve of the fetus. affect the liver of the fetus. affect the kidneys of the fetus. damage the immature nervous system of the fetus.

damage the immature nervous system of the fetus. Explanation: Neurotoxicity can occur as a result of exposure to drugs and other chemicals and gases, such as industrial vapors. Immature nervous systems such as those of the fetus and neonate can easily be damaged by drugs that produce neurotoxicity. Hence, the client has been advised not to expose herself to chemical or industrial vapors and specific drugs

A client receiving drug therapy develops numbness and tingling in the extremities and muscle cramps. What assessment should the nurse perform? Review the client's most recent potassium level. Check the client's blood glucose level. Assess the client's level of orientation. Check the client's urine output.

Review the client's most recent potassium level. Explanation: If there is hypokalemia you would assess K+ level Hypokalemia is suggested by numbness and tingling in the extremities, muscle cramps, weakness, and irregular pulse.