ch 3 questions

Function: Location of protein synthesis Structure: Two subunits of RNA and protein synthesized in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells Plant or Animal: animal and plant Organelle: ?

Ribosome

Function: Produces proteins destined for secretion from the cell Structure: a single membrane network covered with ribosomes Plant or Animal: animal and plant Organelle:

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Function: Synthesizes lipids; detoxifies drugs and poisons Structure: A single-membrane network Plant or Animal: animal and plant Organelle:?

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A eukaryotic cell a. is usually smaller than a prokaryotic cell. b. has a cell wall with peptidoglycan. c. does not usually have a nucleus. d. has membrane-bounded organelles. e. does not have membrane-bounded organelles.

d. has membrane-bounded organelles.

One property that distinguishes cells in domain Bacteria from those indomain Eukarya is the presence of a. cell wall. b. DNA. c. flagella. d. membranous organelles.

d. membranous organelles.

Between their specialized functions, the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum do not a. detoxify poisons. b. produce mRNA. c. produce proteins. d. produce lipids. e. form vesicles for transport to the Golgi apparatus.

b. produce mRNA.

A central vacuole of a mature plant cell a. produces energy from nutrients. b. produces turgor pressure. c. produces protein. d. produces mRNA. e. stores genetic information.

b. produces turgor pressure.

Not every cell has the same amount of organelles. Some cells have more of one organelle while others have less. Now that you know what chloroplasts do, which cells will likely have the highest amount of chloroplasts? a. Root cells under the soil. b. Cell on the trunk of a tree. c. Cells on the bottoms of leaves. d. Cells on the tops of leaves. e. Cells on the inside of fruits & nuts.

d. Cells on the tops of leaves.

Which of the following statements about plasmodesmata is true? a. They prevent cytoplasm from passing between cells. b. They are important in the formation of tight junctions. c. They may float freely in the cytoplasm or be membrane-bound. d. They allow adjacent plant cells to communicate with each other.

d. They allow adjacent plant cells to communicate with each other.

Plasmodesmata are analogous to ____ in animal cells. A) gap junctions B) tight junctions C) anchoring junctions D) cytoplasm

A) gap junctions

Unfertilized chicken and ostrich eggs are considered single cells. The hen's egg has a ____ surface area:volume ratio compared to the ostrich egg. A) larger B) smaller C) equal D) varying

A) larger

Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells, but NOT in prokaryotic cells? A) nucleus B) ribosomes C) mitochondria D) All of the above are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. E) both (a) and (c)

A) nucleus

Which of these are true of Eukaryotes A. has a membrane-bounded organelles B. Has Mitochondria C. Lacks An endoplasmic rectilium D. Has DNA in the cytoplasm E. Has Ribosomes F. HAs a cell membrane G. Makes it own proteins

A. has a membrane-bounded organelles B. Has Mitochondria E. Has Ribosomes F. HAs a cell membrane G. Makes it own proteins

Which of the following are found in ALL living cells A. ribosomes B. deoxyribonucleic acid C. RNA D. proteins E. cell membrane F. nucleus G. cell wall H. organelles

A. ribosomes B. deoxyribonucleic acid C. RNA D. proteins E. cell membrane

Small cells have a ____ surface area:volume ratio compared to large cells. A) smaller B) larger C) equal D) It is impossible to determine the relationship without knowing the dimensions of the cells.

B) larger

What is the primary biological molecule found in the cytoskeleton? A) carbohydrate B) protein C) lipid D) nucleic acid

B) protein

A researcher at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is studying a protozoan and a bacteria that lives inside it. Using a light microscope, which of the following organelles will she observe in both organisms? A) nucleus B) ribosomes C) endoplasmic reticulum D) All of the above are correct. E) both (a) and (b)

B) ribosomes

Which of the following is found in all types of cells? A) nucleus B) ribosomes C) cell wall D) mitochondria E) All of the above are correct.

B) ribosomes

The liver is the detoxification center of the body. Waste and toxic by-products are broken down and digested in these cells. As a result, what organelle would you expect to find in high quantities in liver cells? A) rough ER B) smooth ER C) ribosomes D) mitochondria E) chloroplasts

B) smooth ER

What structure is common to both plant and bacteria cells but is absent in animal cells? A) cell membrane B) mitochondria C) cell wall D) ribosome E) lysosome

C) cell wall

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY paired? A) RNA -- essential for the production of proteins B) Golgi apparatus -- packages material for transport C) cytoskeleton -- site of photosynthesis D) mitochondria -- extracts energy from nutrients

C) cytoskeleton -- site of photosynthesis

Which of these are true of prokaryotes A. has a membrane-bounded organelles B. Has Mitochondria C. Lacks An endoplasmic rectilium D. Has DNA in the cytoplasm E. Has Ribosomes F. HAs a cell membrane G. Makes it own proteins

C. Lacks An endoplasmic rectilium D. Has DNA in the cytoplasm E. Has Ribosomes F. HAs a cell membrane G. Makes it own proteins

Which of the following support the theory of endosymbiosis? A) mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA B) eukaryotes have a larger cell size than prokaryotes C) chloroplasts and mitochondria resemble bacteria D) All of the above are correct.

D) All of the above are correct.

Which of the following structures is NOT required to produce a protein? A) DNA B) RNA C) ribosome D) Golgi apparatus

D) Golgi apparatus

Which of the following best distinguishes chloroplasts from mitochondria? A) number of cell membranes B) presence of DNA C) endosymbiont theory D) presence in animal and plant cells

D) presence in animal and plant cells

Which of the following is INCORRECT about cell walls? A) provide shape B) outside the cell membrane C) prevent bursting D) present in all organisms

D) present in all organisms

Which of these are true for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes A. has a membrane-bounded organelles B. Has Mitochondria C. Lacks An endoplasmic rectilium D. Has DNA in the cytoplasm E. Has Ribosomes F. HAs a cell membrane G. Makes it own proteins

E. Has Ribosomes F. HAs a cell membrane G. Makes it own proteins

All living cells have a cell wall. True False

False

Function: Creates vesicles to enclose materials to be secreted; Produces lysosomes Structure: Stacked, flat, single-membraned sacs Plant or Animal: animal and plant Organelle: ?

Golgi Apparatus

What are the main components of the cytoskeleton?

The major components of the cytoskeleton are proteins that assemble into microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

Which three organelles contain DNA?

The nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria all contain DNA.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding all cells? a. Everything inside a cell is called cytoplasm. b. Cells have a cell membrane that encloses them. c. Cells have DNA which contains hereditary information. d. Cells are generally small (although a few can be large enough to see with the naked eye). e. Cells have ribosomes that make proteins.

a. Everything inside a cell is called cytoplasm.

Which of the following organelles are associated with the job of cellular digestion? a. Lysosomes and peroxisomes b. Golgi apparatus and vesicles c. Nucleus and nucleolus d. Smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum

a. Lysosomes and peroxisomes

A prokaryotic cell a. does not have a nucleus. b. is at least ten micrometers in diameter. c. has membrane-bounded organelles. d. has a nucleus. e. has a cell wall made of chitin.

a. does not have a nucleus.

Plant growth and flowering are strongly controlled by root and stem signal chemicals. Which of the following cell connection transports these molecules between adjacent cells? a. plasmodesmata b. cell wall c. anchoring junction d. gap junction e. tight junction

a. plasmodesmata

A wild duck needs a steady supply of energy to be able to fly for hours. Domesticated chickens rarely fly. As a result you would expect to find _____ in the breast muscles of wild ducks than domesticated chickens. a. less cytoplasm b. more mitochondria c. fewer mitochondria d. more cytoplasm e. more Golgi

b. more mitochondria

Treponema pallidum is the single-celled organism that causes syphilis, an STD. This organism is shaped like a corkscrew & contains no nucleus or organelles. Plasmodium malariae is the single-celled organism that causes malaria. (They hitch rides on mosquitoes to infect people.) This organism is spherical with a nucleus & several different organelles. Treponema pallidum must be a ________ & Plasmodium malariae must be a ________. a. prokaryote; prokaryote b. prokaryote; eukaryote c. eukaryote; eukaryote d. eukaryote; prokaryote

b. prokaryote; eukaryote

In a human, the intestines need to form a barrier to prevent bacteria and other microbes from moving into the bloodstream from the gut. Which of the following would prevent bacteria from moving between intestinal cells? a. gap junction b. tight junction c. plasmodesmata d. cell wall e. anchoring junction

b. tight junction

Which of the following statements does NOT agree with the cell theory? a. Insects are composed of cells. b. Paramecium (a living bacterial cell) comes from Paramecium. c. A bacterium made of only one single cell is too small to be considered a living organism. d. A mushroom & an animal are made up of the same basic molecules. e. Plants contain DNA that they can pass on to their offspring.

c. A bacterium made of only one single cell is too small to be considered a living organism.

Which of the following is NOT a feature found in all cells? a. Proteins b. Ribosomes c. Cell wall d. Cell membrane

c. Cell wall

Which of the following organelles does NOT contain DNA? a. Nucleus b. Chloroplast c. Rough endoplasmic reticulum d. Mitochondrion

c. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A researcher has discovered a new organism. She wants to know whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Imagine that she has tests to determine if the following 3 materials are present: DNA, RNA, & cytoskeleton. You would advise her to test for: a. DNA, because only eukaryotes have DNA. b. RNA, because only eukaryotes have RNA. c. cytoskeleton proteins, because only eukaryotes have a cytoskeleton. d. none of the materials, because both types of cells have DNA, RNA, & a cytoskeleton.

c. cytoskeleton proteins, because only eukaryotes have a cytoskeleton.

You observe a few cells under a microscope and you can clearly see cell walls, central vacuoles, and connections between cells that allow for communication. These connections must be: a. gap junctions. b. desmosomes. c. plasmodesmata. d. tight junctions. e. cytoskeleton.

c. plasmodesmata.

A structure found in cells of all three domains, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, is the a. mitochondria. b. chloroplast. c. ribosome. d. cilium. e. cell wall.

c. ribosome.

The original three tenets of the cell theory are a. all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the fundamental unit of life, and all cells have a nucleus. b. all organisms are made of one or more cells, all cells contain DNA, and all cells come from preexisting cells. c. all organisms have DNA, all organisms are made of cells, and all cells produce proteins. d. all organisms have DNA, DNA is the fundamental unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells. e. all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the fundamental unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

e. all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the fundamental unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

Which organelle houses the reactions that extract chemical energy from nutrient molecules?

mitochondria