Ch 3 , Review Exercise B : KUB

17-2) Air-filled "coiled spring" appearance

e) Intussusception

8) Gonadal shielding for ------- may be impossible for studies of the lower abdominopelvic region.

Female

21) Which type of body habitus may require two crosswise images to be taken if the entire abdomen is to be included?

Hypersthenic body type

18) The central ray is centered to the level of the ---- for a supine AP projection of the abdomen.

Iliac crest

26) Why may the PA projection of a KUB generally be less desirable than the AP projection?

Increased object image receptor distance (OID) of kidneys on PA

7) Gonadal shielding should not be used during abdomen radiography if:

It obscures essential anatomy

30) Which projection best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurysm in the prevertebral region of the abdomen?

Lateral position

17) Match each of the following radiographic appearances of the abdomen to its corresponding type of pathologic condition

...

34) Which one of the following projections requires a kV setting of 110 to 125?

c) PA, erect chest for free air under diaphragm

16) Match the following definitions to the correct clinical indication.

...

35) To ensure the diaphragm is included on an erect abdomen projection, the central ray should be at the level of -----, which places the top of the 35 x 43 cm ( 14 x 17 in) IR at the level of the -------

2 inches ( 5 cm) above iliac crest ; axilla

36) What is the recommended overlap when using two crosswise images for an AP projection of a supine abdomen of a broad hypersthenic- type patient?

3 to 5 cm ( 1 to 2 in)

10) Which one of the following exposure considerations would be most ideal for an AP abdomen of an average-size adult?

70 to 80 kV , grid 40 in (102 cm) SID

9) Gonadal shielding for females involves placing the top of the shielding at or slightly above the level of the ---- , with the bottom at the ----

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) ; Symphysis pubis

2) Voluntary motion can best be prevented by ----- to the patient.

Careful breathing instructions

29) Which decubitus position best demonstrates possible aneurysms, calcifications of the aorta, or umbilical hernias?

Dorsal decubitus

19) Exposure for an AP projection of the abdomen should be taken on ---

Expiration

23) True / False : It is always acceptable during KUB imaging practice to indicate the side of the body with a digital marker.

False

5) True / False: Because the liver margin is visible in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, it is not necessary to place a right or left anatomic side marker on the cassette before exposure.

False

6) True / False : For an adult abdomen, a collimation margin must be visible on all four sides of the radiograph.

False

27) Which decubitus position of the abdomen best demonstrates intraperitoneal air in the abdomen?

Left lateral decubitus ( free air best visualized in upper right abdomen in area of liver)

32) Which projection of the three-way acute abdominal series best demonstrates free air under the diaphragm?

PA chest

3) What is the primary cause for involuntary motion in the abdomen?

Peristaltic action of the bowel

28) Why should a patient be placed in the decubitus position for a minimum of 5 minutes before exposure?

To allow intraabdominal air to rise or abnormal fuids to accumulate

24) Why is it recommended to take abdominal radiographs at the end of patient expiration?

To increase the room for expansion of the abdominal organs within the abdominal cavity

12) True / False : A radiolucent pad should be placed underneath geriatric patients for added comfort.

True

22) True / False : A tall asthenic patient may require two 35 x 43 cm ( 14 x 17 in) image receptors placed lengthwise if the entire abdomen is to be included.

True

33) Which position routine should be used for an acute abdominal series if the patient is too ill to stand?

Two-way abdomen; AP supine abdomen, and left lateral decubitus

4) What is the best mechanism to control involuntary motion?

Use the shortest exposure time possible

31) List the projections commonly performed for an acute abdominal series or three - way abdomen series.

a) AP supine b) AP erect or lateral decubitus abdomen c) PA erect chest

17-3) General abdominal haziness

a) Ascites

20) Rotation can be determined on a KUB radiograph by the loss of symmetric appearance of:

a) Iliac wings b) Obturator foramina c) Ischial spines d) Outer rib margins

1) What are the two causes of voluntary motion?

a) Patient breathing b) Patient movement during exposure

14) The preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder quickly is:

a) Ultrasound

15) ---- is being used to evaluate patients with acute appendicitis.

a) Ultrasound

16-6) A twisting of a loop of bowel creating an obstruction

a) Volvulus

16-5) Bowel obstruction caused by a lack of intestinal peristalis

b) Adynamic ileus

37) What scale of contrast is recommended for visualization of the abdominal structures on an abdominal x-ray?

b) Long scale

17-6) Large amount of air trapped in sigmoid colon with a tapered narrowing at the site of obstruction

b) Volvulus

16-4) Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

c) Ascites

13) With the use of iodinated contrast media, ---- is able to distinguish between a simple cyst or tumor of the liver.

c) Computed tomography (CT)

25) Which one of the following abdominal structures is not visible on a properly exposed KUB ?

c) Pancreas

17-4) Thin crest-shape radiolucency underneath diaphragm

c) Pneumoperitonem

11) Which of the following technical considerations is essential when performing abdomen studies on a young pediatric patient? a) Short exposure times b) High-speed image receptor c) Reduced kV and mAs d) All of the above

d) All of the above

16-2) Inflammatory condition of the colon

d) Ulcerative colitis

17-5) Deep air-filled mucosal protrusions of colon wall

d) Ulcerative colitis

16-1) Free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity

e) Pneumoperitoneum

17-1) Distended loops of air-filled small intestine

f) Crohn's disease

16-3) Telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop of bowel

f) Intussusception

16-7) Chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall that may result in bowel obstruction

g) Crohn's disease