Ch. 3 Review questions

State where the hypoglossal canal is located and what passes through it.

12 cranial/ hypoglossal nerve

What bones form the lateral walls of the skull and with what bones do they articulate with and also what three parts are they composed of?

Temporal bone: arictilaute with the zygomatic, partial, occipital, sphenoid, and mandible. Each part in composed of: squamous, tympanic, and petrous part

What landmark on the temporal bone is anterior to the articulation part of the temporomandibular joint and which one is posterior?

anterior: articular eminence posterior: postglenoid process

What is another general term used for an opening or orifice in bone?

aperture

What is a general term for a bone that is shaped like a bridge, with a bowlike outline?

arch

What is the area of the skeleton where the bones are joined to each other?

artciualtion

What is the landmark on the inferior part of the temporal bone that is part of the articulation of the temporomandibular joint?

articular fossa

Where is the hard palate located and which teeth are located near it and also what bone borders it?

at the anterior part of the skull's inferior surface is the hard palate, which is bordered by the alveolar process of the maxilla that usually contains the roots of maxillary teeth within the alveoli

What is the four-sided plate on the occipital bone that is anterior to the foramen magnum and what is its midline projection?

basilar part of the occipital bone, its model line projection is the pharyngeal tubercle

What is the temporomandibular joint an articulation between?

between the temporal bone and the mandible on each side

Describe the inferior orbital fissure and its location, as well as what travels through it.

can also be noted through the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and the maxilla , connects with the orbit with both the infratemportal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa, the infraorbital and zygomatic nerves which are branches of the maxillary nerve and the infraorbital artery enter through this fissure, the inferior ophthalmic vein also travels through this fissure to join the pterygoid plexus of veins

What is a longer, narrow tubelike opening in the bone?

canal

What is the more posterior opening in the petrous part of the temporal bone and what passes through it and also what pointed bony projection is nearby?

carotid canal carries the internal carotid artery and carotid pleases of nerves, which is near the styloid process

What bone and its specific parts form the anterior lateral orbital wall?

cheek bone or malar surface

What is general term for a relatively large, convex prominence on bone that is usually involved in joints?

condyle

What is the general term for a hornlike prominence on bone?

cornu

List the sutures of the skull bones and what bones they join.

coronal suture- frontal bone and parietal bone *** frontonasal suture- frontal bone and nasal bones intermaxillary suture- maxilae lambdoidal suture- occipital bone and parietal bones median palatine suture- anterior part: maxillae, posterior part: palatine bones sagittal sutures- parietal bones squamosal suture- temporal and parietal bones *** temporzygomatic sutures- temporal and zygomatic bones *** transverse palatine sutures- maxilla and palatine bones zygomaticomaxilalry sutures- zygomatic bones and maxillae ***

How are the bones of the skull divided?

cranium- which contains the brain with its outer shell of the cranial bone, and into the face with its inner support by facial bones

What is a general term for a prominent often roughened border or ridge on bone?

crest

Where is the perpendicular plate in relationship to the cribriform plate and what midline nasal feature does it help form?

cross over one another

What cranial bone is single, in the midline of the skull, and adjoins the vomer at its inferior and posterior border and also what other bones does it articulate with?

ethmoid bone

List the cranial bones.

ethmoid bone frontal bone occipital bone parietal bone *** sphenoid bone temporal bones ***

What is the vertical partition of the nasal cavity and what bones form its anterior and posterior parts?

fin (nasal septum) formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone superiorly, and the nasal septal cartilage inferiorly; the posterior part of the nasal septum are formed by the vomer

What is a narrow, cleftlike opening in the bone?

fissure

Where is the internal acoustic meatus located and what passes through it?

for the 7th cranial (facial) nerve and the 8th cranial or vestibulcochlear nerve

List six types of bony openings and describe each one.

foramen (foramina)- short window like opening canal- longer narrow tubelike opening, a meatus is a type or canal fissure- narrow cleft like opening osmium (Ostia)- smaller opening especially as an entrance into a hollow organ or canal aperture- narrow opening

What is the large irregularly shaped opening on the external surface of the skull, which in life was filled with cartilage?

foramen lacerum which when intact is filled with cartilage

What is the largest opening on the inferior view of the skull and in what bone is it located and what passes through it?

foramen magnum of the occipital bone, through which the spinal cord and vertebral arteries, and eleventh cranial or accessory nerves pass

What is the larger anterior oval opening on the sphenoid bone and what passes through it?

foramen oval allows the mandibular nerve (third division) of the fifth cranial or trigimenal nerve

What is located on the posterior border of the hard palate and what bones form these structures?

forms the inferior border of two funnel shaped cavities, the posterior nasal apertures, bordered medially by the vomer and inferiorly by the horizontal plate f the ethmoid bone

What part of the orbit does the orbital plate of the ethmoid bone form and where is its location in relationship to the nasal conchae?

forms the medial orbital wall, located between the orbital plate and each set of these two conchae are the ethmoidal sinus

List the bones that form the orbit and what part they form including the roof, the four walls, and apex.

frontal bone- roof or superior wall ethmoid bone and lacrimal bone- medial wall zygomatic bone and sphenoid bone- lateral wall sphenoid bone, maxilla, and palatine bone- apex or base

What landmark is located between the curved elevations superior to the orbits and what does it correspond to on the surface features of an adult and child?

glabella

What is the general term for a rounded surface projecting from a bone by a neck?

head

List four types of bony depressions and state which one is considered generally deeper (and also include their plural forms).

incisura (notch)- indentation at the edge of the bone, sulcus (sulci)- shallow depression or groove that usually marks the course of blood vessels or nerves generally deeper depressions or concavity on a bony surface is a fossa (fossae)- can be parts of joints or attachments sites for muscles, or they can have other functions plate- flat bony structure

What is a general term for an indentation at the edge of the bone?

incisura or both

List the facial bones of the skull.

inferior nasal concha,* lacrimal bones,* mandible, maxillae,* vomer, zygomatic bones*

What pair of facial bones project off the maxillae to form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity and what type of bone are they composed of and also what bones do they articulate with?

inferior nasal conchae, compose of a fragile thin and spongey bone curved onto itself like a scroll, articulate with: the ethmoid bone, lacrimal bones, and palatine bones as well as the maxillae

What are the seven landmarks noted on each greater wing of the sphenoid bone?

infra temporal crest

What opening is medial to the styloid process and is easier to see if you tilt the skull to one side and also what is passes through it?

jugular foramen

What is the part of the occipital bone that forms the medial part of the jugular foramen and what bone does it articulate with?

jugular notch of the occipital bone (the lateral part is from the temporal bone)

What paired facial bones are irregular thin plates of bone that form a small part of the anterior medial wall of the orbit?

lacrimal bones

What depression is located just inside the lateral part of the supraorbital ridge and what did it contain in life and also what did it produce?

lacrimal fossa contanis the lacrimal gland which produces lacrimal fluid (tears)

Describe the superior orbital fissure and its location, as well as what passes through it.

lateral to the optic canal, located between the greater wing and the lesser wing of the phenols bone, the third cranial (oculomotor) nerve, the fourth nerve (trochlear nerve), the sixth cranial (abducens nerve) and the ophthalmic nerve and vein pass through

In what specific location are the ethmoidal sinuses?

located between the orbital plate

What large roughened projection of the temporal bone is posterior to the external acoustic meatus and what is it composed of as well as the various purposes it serves?

mastoid process: composed of air spaces of mastoid air cells that communicate with the middle ear and also serves as the site for the attachment of the large cervical muscle including the SCM

What bone and its specific parts form the infraorbital rim?

maxillary process of the zygomatic bone

Which opening in bone is a type of canal?

meatus

What bones forms the lateral boundaries of the nasal cavity?

nares

What paired facial bones form the bridge of the nose and what opening in the skull are they superior to and also what bones do they articulate with?

nasal bones, superior to the preform aperture, articulate with the maxillae laterally as well as the frontal bone superiorly

What is groove is beneath each nasal conchae and what is the function of their openings?

nasal meatus- has openings through which the paranasal sinuses or nasolacrimal duct communities with the nasal cavity

State where the foramen rotundum is located and what passes through it.

near the cribiform plate, through which maxillary nerve (or second division) of the fifth cranial or trigiminal nerve

What are the curved and smooth paired projections on the occipital bone that are both lateral and anterior to the foramen magnum and also what do they articulate with?

occipital condyles, have a movable articulation with the atlas

State where the cribriform plate is located and what passes through it.

on the internal surface of the skull, through which the olfactory nerve passes through

What is the round opening in the orbital apex termed and what passes through it?

optic canal, the second cranial or optic nerve passed through the optic canal to reach the eyeball

Which opening in bone is small one that also serves as an entrance into a hollow organ or canal?

osmium (ostia)

What are the paired openings in the skull that are anterior and lateral to foramen magnum on the occipital bones and what passes through them?

paired hypoglossal canals, the 12th cranial/ hypoglossal nerve passes through

What bones form the bridge of the nose?

paired nasal bones

What skull bone could be considered a facial bone and consists of a horizontal and vertical plate and also what bones do they articulate with?

palatine bones

What are the three projecting structures that create the lateral walls of the nasal cavity and which extend inward from the maxillae?

palatine process of the maxilla and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones posteriorly

What bone is paired and articulates with each other at the sagittal suture and also what other bones does it articulate with?

parietal bones: articulate with the occipital, frontal, temporal, and sphenoid bones

What bony demarcation is located posterior to the articulation part of the temporal bone through which the chorda tympani nerve emerges?

peterotympanic fissure

What is the general term for an area of bone that consists of a flat bony structure?

plate

What is the general term for any type of bony prominence?

process

What small canal is located on superior border of each of these structures on the posterior border of the palate and what do they open into and also what passes through it?

pterygoid canal- opens into the pterygopaltine fossa and carries the pterygoid nerve and blood vessels

What are the processes and plates of the sphenoid bone?

pterygoid process- forms the lateral borders of the posterior nasal apertures, each pterygoid process consists of a thin medial pterygoid plate and a flattened lateral pterygoid plate. The depression located between the medial plate and lateral plate is the pterygoid fossa. At the inferior part of the medial plate of the pterygoid process is a thin curved process, the hamulus

Is the occipital bone paired or single and what bones does it articulate with?

single/ articulates with parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones, also articulates with the first cervical vertebra or atlas

What single cranial bone is midline and complex and contains the superior orbital fissure, foramen ovale, foramen rotundum, and the foramen spinosum?

sphenoid bone

What is a general term for an abrupt prominence on bone that may be blunt or sharply pointed?

spine

What bony demarcation is inferior and medial?

styloid process

What is the opening on the temporal bone that carries the facial nerve and why is it named as such?

stylomastoid foramen

What opening is immediately posterior to the more posterior opening in the petrous part of the temporal bone and what passes through it from the skull to the face?

stylomastoid foramen

What is a shallow depression or groove on bone, which usually marks the course of a blood vessel?

sulcus

What bony demarcation when palpated causes patient discomfort and is located on the medial part of the curved elevations superior to the orbit and also what passes through them?

supraorbital notch where the supraorbital were and artery travel through

What are the curved elevations over the superior part of the orbit and on what bone are they located and also at what age and gender are they more prominent?

supraorbital ridges more prominent in adult males

Name the specific part of the bone where the sphenoidal sinuses are located.

the body of the sphenoid bone

Explain the relationship of the processes of the sphenoid bone to each other.

the body of the sphenoid bone has three paired processes that project from it: the lesser wing, greater wing, and pterygoid process. Th lesser wing of the sphenoid bone is an anterior process that forms the base of the orbital apex. The greater wing of the sphenoid bone is a psoterlateral process

What bone forms the forehead and the superior part of the orbits and also what bones does it articulate with?

the frontal bones which articulates with the parietal, sphenoid, lacrimal, nasally and ethmoid bones

Discuss the temporal lines and where they are located.

the superior ridge is the superior temporal line the inferior ridge is the inferior temporal line

Discuss the fossae of the skull and where they are located.

the temporal fossa is noted on the lateral surface of the skull, inferior to the temporal fossils the infratemproall fossa, deep to the infra temporal fossa is the pterygopalatine fossa

Discuss the median palatine suture and the bones involved it its formation and also what clinical landmark is it related to.

the two horizontal plates articulate with each other at the posterior part of the median palatine suture underlying the median palatine raphe

With which bones does the upper jaw articulate?

the two maxilla

What sutures are located on the hard palate and what bones does it show the articulation between?

transverse palatine suture shows an articulation located between the two palatine process if the maxillae and the two horizontal plates of the palatine bones

What is a general term for a large, often rough prominence on bone that usually serves as an attachment for muscles or tendons?

tuberosity

What plates contribute a small lip of bone to the orbital apex?

vertical plates of the palatine bone

What single facial bone forms the posterior part of the nasal cavity and what bones does it articulate with and also what part is free of any bony articulation?

vomer: articulates with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone on the superior half of its anterior border

What is the vertical midline continuation of the perpendicular plate into the cranial cavity and what is its function?

vomer: forms the posterior part of the nasal septum

What is the term for the cheekbone area and what suture is located on it and also which bones form this area?

zygomatic arch is formed at the temporozygomatic suture by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone serves as the origin of the master muscle

What pair of facial bones goes to form the cheekbones and what bones do they articulate with?

zygomatic bone: articulates with the frontal, temporal, and the sphenoid bones, as well as the maxilla

What bones are at the junction formed by the nasion?

frontal bone and nasal bones

What is the term for the curved process on the inferior part of the medial plate of the sphenoid bone?

hamulus

What is the general term for a straight small ridge on bone?

line

What is the anterior opening of the nasal cavity?

perform aperture

What fossa is located between the plates of the sphenoid bone?

pterygoid fossa

Why must a dental professional know the anatomy of the bones of the head and neck?

the bones of the head and neck sere as a base for palpation of soft tissue during both intramural and extraoral examination of a patient

Describe the location of the frontal sinuses.

the frontal bone

What two general terms can be used to describe a rounded elevation on the bony surface?

tubercle or eminence

What projection is located on the frontal bone lateral to the orbit?

zygomatic process of the frontal bone

What bones and their specific parts forms the zygomatic arch of the face?

zygomatic process of the temporal bone

What is a short windowlike opening in the bone?

foreamen (foramina)

What is the smaller and more posterior opening on the sphenoid bone and what passes through it and also what spine is located nearby?

foreamen spinous which carries the middle menial artery into the cranial cavity and it is located near the spine of the sphenoid bone

Where is the nasolacrimal duct located and what function does it serve?

formed at the junction of the lacrimal bone and the maxilla